Pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi zokoma ndi zonunkhira, anthu ochepa amasiyanitsa stevia, koma pachabe. Chomera ichi chosasinthika chiri ndi deta yabwino komanso imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale zakumwa zabwino kwambiri. Tikukupemphani kuti muyang'ane bwinobwino za makhalidwe a zitsamba, komanso kuti mudziwe ngati n'zosavuta kukula pakhomo.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Stevia ndi herbaceous osatha wa Astrov banja, mungu wochokera ndi tizilombo mu mtanda-gawoal njira. Mu mawonekedwe a kuthengo amapezeka zitsanzo zomwe zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60-120. Kunja, zimakhala ngati nthambi ya shrub, ndi masamba ophatikizana omwe ali ndi masamba. White maluwa ndi ochepa, anasonkhana mu inflorescences. Mbewu ndi yaing'ono (yokha 0.5 x 4 mm).
Ndikofunikira! Masamba a chomera amapatsidwa machiritso, chifukwa ali ndi flavonoids, vitamini C, A, E, PP, komanso glycosides, polysaccharides, fiber, tannins ndi mafuta ofunikira.
Mukakulira panyumba kuchokera kubzala mbewu kusonkhanitsa masamba Zimatenga masabata 16-18 (chifukwa nthawi ya mbeu imayambira masabata 8-10). Udzu wokoma ngati umenewu, wakula m'chipinda kapena m'munda, udzakhala njira yabwino yopangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kusankha Mbewu
N'zotheka kupeza mbeu za stevia zonse potsatsa kwaulere komanso m'masitolo. Yesetsani kusankha osungirako okhazikika omwe akhala pamsika kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuchuluka kwa mbeu mu thumba limodzi ndi 7-10 zidutswa, koma panthawi yomweyi, wopanga amalonjeza kukula kwake koti kumera.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba mankhwala a machiritsowa anadziwika mu 1887 ndi wasayansi wochokera ku Switzerland Antonio Bertoni, atachoka kuti anzake ochokera m'mayiko ena anayamba chidwi ndi Stevia. Chotsatira chake, mu 1954, chomeracho chinayamba kuonekera muzipinda zamakono ku Japan, chifukwa anali oyamba kulima kunyumba.
Mwamwayi, pakuchita izi sizikhala zoona nthawi zonse, ndipo theka la mbewu zilibe kanthu mkati. Choncho, kuti tipewe kukhumudwa tikadzafesa (makamaka nyengo yathu), ndibwino kuti tiyambe kufufuza zomwe mwagula, mwachitsanzo, mwa njira yopita. Kuti muchite izi, ndikwanira kuponyera mbewu iliyonse pamtunda wamtali ndikuyang'ana mbali za kugwa kwake: Mabaibulo onse amatha kufika pansi, pomwe zopanda kanthu zimayenda bwino.
Mbewu kumera
Pofuna kukula bwino zipangizo zamakono kapena zophikira, choyamba, muyenera kukonzekera ndi kumera chosankhidwa chodzala. Ndondomekoyi sitingatchedwe kuti ndi yovuta, koma iyenera kumamatira kuchitapo kanthu kwa zochitika zonse. Kumera kwa stevia kumachitika motere:
- Mu nthaka yotsekemera ndi yotenthedwayo iyenera kupangidwa ming'alu yambiri ndikuyikidwa mu mbeu iliyonse kwa mbeu 1-3, chophimba ndi dothi kapena vermiculite kuchokera pamwamba (malo osanjikiza pa mbeu sayenera kupitirira 30 mm).
- Chovala choyenera chiyenera kusungunuka, koma mosamala kwambiri kuti asasambe mbewu kuchokera pansi (ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la kutsitsi).
- Tsopano zatsala kuti mutseke bokosi liri ndi chivindikiro cha pulasitiki malo pansi pa nyali ya fulorosenti, omwe m'masabata oyambirira a kulima ayenera kuyaka nthawi zonse (mpaka maola 15 a masana amachepetsa patatha masabata atatu akukula stevia). Kutentha mu chipinda sikuyenera kugwa pansipa + 24 ... +27 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira stevia panthawi imeneyi kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti nthaka ikhale yowuma koma yosanyowa. Ngati sizingatheke kukonza ulimi wothirira m'munsi (ndizovuta kwambiri pakalipayi), n'zotheka kuthira madzi pazitsamba zokha, koma bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti.
Pamene achinyamata zomera amatha kutalika kwa 12-13 masentimita, amadula 2-5 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba pa waukulu tsinde ndi kuyembekezera branching.
Kusankha dothi ndi kukonzekera
Awo maluwa amalima amene kale anakumana ndi zoweta kulima stevia, ndithudi mukudziwa za capriciousness wa chomera. Zingakhale zosayambika m'munda wamaluwa, choncho ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo muwonjezere ku chernozem manyowa kapena humus mu mawerengedwe a 3: 1. Ngati malo anu pawebusaiti ndi clayey, ndiye muyeso yowonjezerapo ndifunika kuwonjezera gawo limodzi la mchenga wa mtsinje. Njira ina yosakanikirana ndi nthaka yokonzedwa bwino ndi yokonzekera kugula, yomwe Stevia ayenera kukhala nayo. Zina mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungasankhire zowonjezera nthaka ndi izi:
- mchenga ndi zaka ziwiri za humus (2: 1);
- mchenga, nthaka ya coniferous nkhalango, humus (zonse mu chidutswa chimodzi);
- dothi lakuda ndi mchenga (5:1).
Mbeu zovuta
Mofanana ndi mbeu ina iliyonse yomwe imalowa mumtunda, stevia amafunika kuzimitsidwa. Pochita izi, kuchokera kumalo amera kumasunthira ku zida zazing'ono kuti nthawi zonse azizitenga mpweya wabwino (maola 1-2 patsiku). Miphika yonse iyenera kuyikidwa mu kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo imawombedwa mwaufulu ndi mphepo. Mbewu ikangowonjezereka ndikuyamba kuyendetsa bwino, mukhoza kuwamasula bwinobwino m'munda.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere zomera monga: juniper, lavender, rosemary, savory, fern Asplenium, thuja chipinda, mtengo wa khofi, azalea, kalanchoe, anthurium, geranium, orchid, spathiphyllum, violet, begonia kunyumba.
Kusindikiza pamalo otseguka
Poganizira kuti stevia ndi chomera chokonda kutentha kwambiri, kukwera kwake kumbali ya pakatikati kawirikawiri sikubweretsa zotsatira zake, ndithudi, ngati simukudikira ndi ntchitoyi mpaka pakati kapena kumapeto kwa June. Pofuna kubzala mbande, kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala kosachepera + 10 ... +15 ° C, ngakhale kuti mtengo wochepa kwambiri umene mbewuyo imathabe umakhala ngati +4 ° C.
M'mayiko akumwera, stevia amalimidwa chaka chonse, koma nyengo yathu imatha kukula m'chilimwe. Pokufika m'dzinja, kawirikawiri amakumbidwa ndikupitsidwira mumphika kuti abzalidwe m'chaka.
Posankha malo oti akule m'tsogolomu, onetsetsani kuti mukuganiza za pH ya nthaka, yomwe iyenera kukhala yopanda ndale. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo labwino limaonedwa kuti ndi lowala, osati dziko loyera, lokonzekera bwino, lopsa mtima ndi dzuwa. Mu mthunzi ndi dampness chomera ichi sichidzakula ndikufa mwamsanga.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula stevia, perekani mphamvu mkati mwa mamita ochepa. Palibe "oyandikana" oyandikana naye omwe sangalekerere.
Njira yoyikira ku malo osankhidwayo ikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Chotsani chomera mosamala, kusunga nthaka kuzungulira mizu yake.
- Bweretsani udzu ku malo osungirako kale, kuwaza dothi komanso mopepuka.
- Fukuta gawo lapansi ndi madzi achitsulo. (sikovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira).
- Pukutani mzere wa mizu ndi mulch wambiri.chifukwa mizu ya chomera ili pafupi kwambiri ndipo imatha kuuma.
Pofuna kukonzekera bwino munda wamunda, muyenera kuyandikira bwino nkhani ya kukonzekera: kupanga mabedi, mipanda, kukonza mabedi.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira chiwombankhanga chakum'mwera sikungatchedwe kuti ndi chovuta, koma muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Choncho, chinsinsi cha kukula ndi chitsimikizo cha zomera ndi nthawi yake komanso kuthirira bwino, zomwe zimachitika kangapo pa sabata (nyengo zimaganiziridwa nthawi zonse).
Nthaŵi zouma, nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse, koma osati yonyowa kwambiri, chifukwa stevia imayesanso mofanana ndi chilala komanso kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi. Maola 3-4 mutatha kuthirira ndiwothandiza kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa namsongole kwa iwo (njirayi ikuchitidwa ngati pakufunika).
Pambuyo pa chakudya choyamba, feteleza ikupitirira pakatha masabata awiri, kutsanulira 4 mpaka 5 malita a feteleza ovuta, oyeretsedwa molingana ndi malangizo pa phukusi, pansi pa chomeracho. Kuonjezera apo, kawiri pa nyengo, mukhoza kupanga ndi organic, pogwiritsa ntchito mavitamini atsopano a mullein, osakanizidwa ndi madzi kuphatikizapo 1:10.
Kukolola ndi Kusungirako
Kawirikawiri, udzu wofotokozedwawo umakula chifukwa cha kukolola, kotero kuti kulondola kwa kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako sikukutaya kufunikira kwake. Izi zimayambira panthawi ya maluwa a stevia, omwe angakhoze kuwonedwa kale masabata 16-18 atabzalidwa (pafupifupi mu July), ndipo amathera pakati pa mwezi wa September.
Dulani udzu pamtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka ndikusonkhanitsa m'magulu osiyanasiyana kuti muwapatse mpweya wokwanira wouma. Zoona, stevia ingakhalenso youma mochulukirapo, pokhapokha pofalitsa masamba odulidwa ndi mapepala okoma odulidwa papepala mumodzi umodzi. Ngati n'kotheka, nyali kapena magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, koma mulimonsemo chomeracho sichiyenera kuuma kwa maola oposa 12, mwinamwake ubwino wambiri udzatayika.
Monga kuvala pamwamba kwa zomera kumagwiritsanso ntchito: "Chunky", nitroammofosku, "Kemira", "Ammophos", biohumus.
Masamba owuma amaphwanyidwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito kapukusira khofi wamba, pambuyo pake akhoza kusamukira ku chidebe cha galasi kuti asungidwe kosatha. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu bizinesi yokolola.
Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi mbeu za udzu (monga kubzala kwa nyengo yotsatira), ndiye kuti mupitirize kukolola kumapeto kwa mwezi wa August, ndikuyang'ana pa mwendo wamdima wa chomera. Musaphonye mphindi ino, mwinamwake mbewu yophika bwino idzafalikira pa chiwembucho.
Mukudziwa? Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga 2-3 supuni 2-3 akanadulidwa stevia tsamba mbale adzakhala kwathunthu m'malo galasi wokhazikika shuga.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Stevia alibe adani akuluakulu m'deralo, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timadziwika bwino mpaka pamtunda sizingawopseze.
- Chinthu chokha chomwe chingakumane nacho pakukula chomera ndi ndi mwendo wakuda zomwe nthawi zina zingasokoneze udzu wonse wa udzu pa mbeu yomwe ikukula ndi chitukuko. Pofuna kuteteza matenda, muyenera kungotentha nthaka nthawi yake, kudula nthaka mu uvuni kapena kutsuka mu madzi osamba. Zimathandizanso kuti madzi adziwe nthaka ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
- Nthaŵi zina, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa zomera, koma zimakhala ndi zomera zambiri. Pogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, masamba amauma mofulumira ndikugwa, choncho ndibwino kuti tipeze njira zothetsera vutoli. Izi zingatheke pochita mbali ya pansi ya tsamba la madzi ndi soapy madzi, kenako kumasula nthaka mu miphika kwa masentimita pang'ono ndikutsanulira mu utuchi, peat kapena humus.
Kuwonongedwa kwa tizirombo tina ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Actellic", "Karbofos" ndi "Fitoverm".
Ndizo zizoloŵezi zonse za kukula kwa stevia kunyumba. Monga momwe mukuonera, palibe chinthu chovuta kwambiri mu njirayi, kotero mutha kubzala udzu wokoma pa chiwembu chanu popanda kudandaula za mavuto omwe mukulima nawo.
