
Liviston - Mtedza wamtengo womwe uli ndi masamba odulidwa 3/4 okha, ndipo osati kwathunthu. Tsinde limakhala lofiira ndi mapepala otsekedwa otsalira pambuyo pa tsamba lakugwa. Iwo ali ndi minga, chomwe chiri chosiyana cha kanjedza iyi.
Osatha, amakula mofulumira, akhoza kukula mchipindamo, pafupifupi samasamba pakhomo.
M'nkhaniyi tiona mfundo zazikulu za kanjedza ya Liviston: chisamaliro kunyumba, zithunzi, mitundu ndi zina.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30, imatha kutalika kwa mamita 25, ndi masamba akuluakulu (masentimita awiri) ndipo mano amakhala pansi. Zina mwa izo zofala kwambiri:
- Rotundifolia - kuchokera ku South Asia ndi Australia, mpaka mamita 35;
- South - yotchuka kum'maŵa kwa Australia, imakula kufika mamita 25, chimtengo cha 34-40 masentimita. Mpweya umatha kufika mamita awiri. Mukafika pamalo otseguka, imatha kukhala popanda chinyezi kwa nthawi ndithu, ndipo imayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse mukakhala wamkulu m'nyumba. Nsonga, matumba, madengu, zipewa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba aang'ono a mtengo wa kanjedza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika;
- Chinese - poyamba kuchokera ku South China, amakula kufika mamita 12, thunthu 40-50 cm mwake. Mabwinja a masamba omwe anafa kale akuwoneka kumtunda kwa thunthu. Mapangidwe a masamba a Livistona Achikale amawoneka ngati ofanana, amagawidwa pakati, otengeka pamapeto;
- Tsamba lozungulira - imafalitsidwa ku Moluccas ndi Java, imasankha nthaka yamchenga. Amakula mpaka mamita 17, thunthu lakuya ndi masentimita 14. Firimu imasiya mamita 1.5 m'lifupi mwake, n'kudulidwa mpaka 2/3 m'litali kuti apange ma lobes opangidwa. Chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri, chiyenera kukhala choyenera kulima mu zipinda ndi nyengo yozizira.
- Squat - limakula kumpoto kwa Australia, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 7, kukula kwa thunthu mpaka masentimita 8. Pamphepete mwachindunji pali masamba 8-15. Zili zowala, zigawo zigawidwa magawo (kuyambira 30 mpaka 40). The dioecious chomera, female inflorescences amadziwika ndi molunjika inflorescences 2.3 mamita yaitali. Pa amuna zomera, inflorescences ali arched 1.8 mamita yaitali;
- Zing'onozing'ono - limakula ku Borneo, limakonda nthaka yachinyontho. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi mamita 5, mamita 2.5 masentimita. Korona ndi yofanana ndi masamba omwe ali ndi mawotchi (kuyambira 16 mpaka 20). Pa mphukira, zokhota petioles, inflorescence kutalika mpaka 40 masentimita, hermaphroditic maonekedwe.
Palm Liviston: chithunzi cha mitundu ya China.
Ichi ndi mtundu wa hermaphrodite, maluwa okwatirana amodzi mu inflorescences mpaka 1.2 mamita yaitali. Iye samapanga zofuna zapamwamba pa nthaka, amakonda dzuwa. Amatha kupirira nyengo yochepa ya chilala mutakula mumtunda wautali. Mbali iyi imapereka taproot yaitali;
Kusamalira mukakulira kunyumba
Palma poyamba kuchokera kuzitentha ndi wotchuka ndi wamaluwa. Kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe ake okongoletsera, kukwanitsa kuyeretsa mpweya kumawonjezeredwa.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutagula
Asanagule ayenera kumvetsera: ayenera kukhala masamba obiriwira komanso onetsetsani kuti mukukula. Masamba okhala ndi nsonga zofiirira kapena mawanga ndi osafunika.
Mutatha kugula amafunika kusuntha mtengo wa kanjedza kuchokera ku chidebe chotumizira. Malingaliro okhudzana ndi nthawi ya kuziika ndi otsutsana: ena amalimbikitsa kuika pakapita miyezi 1-1.5 (kotero kuti chomera chimasintha), ena amalangiza kuti azichita nthawi yomweyo.
Kuunikira
Amakonda kuwala, amamva bwino pazenera akuyang'ana kum'mwera. M'nyengo yotentha mungathe kuvala khonde, chophimba kuchokera kutentha kwa masana. Kuti korona ikhale yofanana, chikwangwani chiyenera kusinthasintha.
Kutentha
Amakonda kutentha amamva bwino pamene 14-16 madigiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi madigiri 16 mpaka 22 m'nyengo yofunda.
Maluwa
Ndizotheka kokha mu chikhalidwe ndi zachilengedwe. Sungakhoze kukhala maluwa mu zinthu za chipinda.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Akufunika kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse, masamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi fumbi, makope ochepa osamba m'manja. M'nyengo yozizira m'pofunikira kupopera pang'ono. Pamunsi chinyezi, nsonga za masamba zimauma.
Kuthirira
Kwa kuthirira madzi otsika amafunika (chizoloŵezi). Spring ndi chilimwe ziyenera kuthiriridwa nthaka ikauma. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira.
Kupaka pamwamba
Masiku khumi ndi awiri Manyowa a feteleza amafunika (kuyambira May mpaka September).
Kusamala kumakhudza kukula komanso mapepala atsopano atatu amawoneka pachaka.
Kuwaza
Pomwe mphika umadzaza ndi mizu kapena zimamera m'mabowo, ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa mgwalangwa. Njirayi imakhala yovutachifukwa mizu yavulala.
Zomera zazikulu zimafuna kubzalapo zaka zisanu zilizonse, achinyamata pambuyo pa zaka zitatu.
Osakonzedwe popanda chifukwa chododometsera mizu, ngati kuli koyenera, kugwiritsira ntchito kusinthanitsa, kupulumutsa mtanda wa dziko lapansi. Ngati mizu ya chomera imavunda, iyenera kudulidwa pamene yaikidwa, idyani wathanzi ndikuyikidwa bwino mu mphika. Poto amafunika kwambiri komanso yolemetsa, kotero kuti pansi pa kulemera kwa mgwalangwa sikutembenuka.
Nthaka
Kusakaniza kokwanira kwa mitengo ya kanjedza, komanso gawo lokonzekera lokha kuchokera ku zigawo zigawo zofanana:
- makala;
- mchenga;
- manyowa ovunda;
- nthaka;
- nthaka yamdima;
- dzikolo ndilolemera kwambiri.
Kuswana
Liviston ikhoza kukula Kuchokera ku mbewu komanso kubereka (pamene iwo akuwonekera). Mukafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, kumera kumatenga nthawi yaitali, kumakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Kufesa mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa m'chaka cha dziko lapansi lotentha kwambiri masentimita 1.
Pambuyo kumera, mbande zimakhala m'miphika. Ali ndi zaka 3, mtengo wa kanjedza umawoneka zokongola.
Nthawi zina ana amapangidwa mu zomera zazikulu. Pamene kuziika izo zikhoza kupatulidwa, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu.
Momwe mungamere mtengo wamtedza ndi chomera chaching'ono, onani apa.
Zipatso
Liviston Chinese ali ndi zipatso (1-2 masentimita) a buluu kapena wobiriwira, mofanana ndi ellipse, mpira, peyala kapena kuzungulira. Zipatso zowawa (2 cm) mwa mawonekedwe a ellipse kapena peyala, zakuda kapena zofiirira. Zipatso za mabala achikasu (1.5 cm) mu mawonekedwe a mpira, wakuda. Zing'onozing'ono zimakhala ndi zipatso zofiirira za mtundu wofiirira (1 cm).
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo: mealybug, flap, kangaude. Pamene tizilombo timapezeka, kanjedza imatulutsidwa ndi madzi sopo, kenako imatsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi kupopedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Maphunziro afalitsidwa pakati pa alimi a maluwa: mukhoza kukula mosavuta kuchokera ku mbewu, kukula mofulumira. Pambuyo pa zaka 3 zokha, zomera zazing'ono zimakhala zokongoletsera kwambiri.
Pa kukongola kwa mtengo wa kanjedza wa Liviston mukhoza kuyang'ana pa vidiyo yotsatira.