Kufotokozera - chomera chameleon kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Kuthengo, imakonda nkhalango zachinyontho, zotentha, zomwe zimakhala pamtunda wa mamita 2,000 kumtunda kwa nyanja.
Kufotokozera
Kulembako kumayamikiridwa chifukwa cha masamba ake. Amabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: emarodi, yade, mkuwa, mkuwa, siliva. Amadyera amathiridwa ndi nacre. M'mitundu yambiri, ndondomeko imawonedwa pakatikati pa tsamba.
Ma plates a masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana: ozungulira, oval, elliptical. Kutunda kwawo ndi kosalala ndi luster kapena pubescent, ofanana ndi velvet. Mphepete ndi yosalala, serata.
Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a belu pa adzafupikitsidwa phesi ndi 5 pamakhala. Limamasula mu Julayi-Seputembara. Kapangidwe ka masamba ofiira owopsa kumachitika mosiyanasiyana kapena m'maluwa.
Ili ndi mphukira zokwawa ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, ngati sitiroberi. Chifukwa cha iwo, mbewuyo imachulukana.
Maonedwe akunyumba
Sikuti mbewu zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zidatha kusintha malo kukhala zikhalidwe. Kufotokozako kuli ndi mitundu iyi yomwe imatha kubzala kunyumba:
| Gulu | Kufotokozera |
| Mkuwa. | Mawonedwe akulu. Ndi mbale yozungulira yoboola pakati pakukula. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wokhala mtundu wamkuwa, velvet. Khola loyera limawonedwa pakatikati pa tsamba, ndikupanga kusiyana. Mbaleyo ndi ofiira kuchokera kumunsi. Muvi womwe ulimo umawoneka bwino kwambiri. Zomera padzuwa. Kukula kwa inflorescence ndi kofiyira kowala kapena kwamoto. Chiyambireni pamiyala ndichikasu. Maluwa amawonedwa chilimwe chonse. |
| Zachitetezo. | Akatswiri ena amasiyanitsa izi mosiyanasiyana mu mtundu wina wa Asipanya. Monga mitundu yonse, imakhala ndi tinyanga tokhala ndi ana aakazi, njira zazifupi, zopanda masamba pang'ono kumapeto. Mbale yakeyo ndi yobiriwira, imawoneka ngati yakuda. Chingwe chofiirira chimayenda pakati. Maluwa ndi oyera ndi madontho ofiira m'munsi. M'mphepete mwa ngale zawo. |
| Zokwawa. | Dzinali limayamba chifukwa chokhala ndi nthambi yolimba, ndikupanga mphukira wakuthengo wa mphukira. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono (kutalika 9 cm, m'lifupi 4-5 cm). Mbale yamtundu wa azitona kuchokera kumtunda, wofiirira wofiirira pansi, wokutidwa ndi villi. Mawonekedwe a masamba ndi mawonekedwe amtima. Ma Peduncle ndi ofiira. Pamakhala khunyu mkati, wamagazi kunja. Maluwa amawoneka kuyambira Julayi mpaka Sepemba. |
| Msirikali wa chokoleti. | Wakhala ndi masamba. Mitsempha yamagetsi imawonedwa pambale, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yokutidwa. Masamba ndi obiriwira komanso ofiirira. Maluwa amawonedwa kwa nthawi yayitali. |
| Kukongola kwa nkhalango. | Masamba ali ndi siliva-lavenda hue wokhala ndi tint yamtambo. Maluwa a pinki a pastel amawonedwa mu gawo limodzi. Ndizochepa kwambiri. |
| Nyali zakumpoto. | Masamba ali ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa lilac-golide komanso wobiriwira wakuda ndi tint yoyera. Ma mbale ndi pubescent, okhala ndi mitsempha. Ma petals ndi ofiira owala. |
| Siliva wonyezimira. | Masamba ndi owongoka, ozungulira ndi mbali zowongoka. Imakongoletsa kamvekedwe kakobiriwira kokhala ndi silvery emboutment Pakati pa masamba pali maluwa osowa kwambiri ofiira ofiira. |
| Blue Nile. | Sizosowa kwenikweni. Amapereka maluwa akumwamba okhala ndi lavender tint. Pakati pawo pali chikasu. Masamba obiriwira bulauni ndi fluff. Pakati pali chingwe cha maolivi wobiriwira wokhala ndi mitsempha yapakati. |
| Siliva Siliva. | Mitundu yofiyira yofiyira imasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe masamba a siliva alili. |
| Pinki panther. | Sichifunika chisamaliro chapadera, chimakula kukula kwakukulu. Maluwa ndi akulu, sitiroberi wowala. Masamba obiriwira okhala ndi calcareous, bronze tint. Mapulogalamu amatha kufikira masentimita khumi ndi asanu. |
| Pinki acaju. | Masamba ndi obiriwira obiriwira ndi mbande za chipale chofewa, pinki. Amamasuka okhala ndi ma inflorescence ofiira ofiira okhala ndi chikasu chachikasu. |
| Mzere wa tiger. | Ndizofanana ndi kufotokozera kwa tiger. Chochititsa chidwi ndi masamba osaya ndi siliva. |
| Strawberry chigamba. | Ili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi malekezero osaloledwa. Madyera ndi owala, ofiira. Mphukira zopera ndi mandimu. |
| Chocolate kirimu. | Zonenepa zofiirira zokhala ndi mizere ya pinki. Ma inflorescence ndi ofiira. |
| Ronnie | Masamba ndi ma coral, masamba ndi a bulauni omwe ali ndi siliva wobiriwira wobiriwira. |
| Degas | Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mizere. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, ofiira. |
| Aloha Mauna Loa. | Chimakhala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Maluwa ofiira ofiira. Ndi wowuma wosakanizidwa makamaka wogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. |
| Mkazi wachi Dutch. | Masamba amakhala oderako mtundu, velvety, sing'anga kukula. Mitsempha yobiriwira yaying'ono, ya siliva imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a herring. Mtundu wa inflorescence ndi wofiyira ndi pinki. |
Kunyumba, mitundu yamadzi am'madzi amaweta. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachilendo wa masamba ndipo samapezeka mwachilengedwe. Mitundu yotsatirayi ikufunika pakati pa alimi a maluwa: Danae, Inessa, Black Queen, Strawberry siri (Strawberry mist) ndi Strawberry patch, Safari, TM-Sahara, Mzere wa Tiger, Tricolor, Brown kukongola, Panama zoyera, Lilacina viridis, Sun Gold (Chimera), Dixie Dynamite, Smoky Topaz, Country Kitten, Coco, Lady Gray-Gray, Longwood, Foam ya Nyanja, Neptune, Silver Tire, Miniature Symphony (symphony), Temptation, Sports, Suomi, Helen Dixie.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa gawo lachiwonetsero kuyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi malamulo onse:
| Choyimira | Malangizo |
| Malo | Malo ndiofunikira mukamakula. Mphika umalimbikitsidwa kuti uyikidwe pawindo lakumpoto. Ngati izi zichitika kuchokera kum'mwera, chomeracho chimasunthira mamita angapo pawindo. Duwa lakaikidwa kumadzulo kapena kummawa, limayimitsidwa kuchokera kumanzere kapena mbali yakumanzere kwa sill ya zenera. |
| Kuwala | Kuwala kuyenera kuyimitsidwa. Chomera sichikonda mphezi za dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezereka kumafunikira kuti kuwonjezera nthawi ya masana ndi maola angapo. |
| Chinyezi | Chizindikiro chochepa chinyezi ndi 60%. Kuti muwonjezere, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika zitsulo pafupi ndi madzi ndi yankho la madzi kapena moss, dongo lokulitsidwa, fiber ya coconut, peat, kuwanyowetsa. Ngati izi sizokwanira, ndiye kuti mphika wokhala ndi chomeracho ungasunthidwe kupita kukhitchini (pamenepo chinyezi cha mpweya ndichipamwamba). Pukuta ndi kupukuta. |
| Kutentha | Palibe nthawi yopanda phokoso. Amamverera bwino kuyambira + 22 ° mpaka + 26 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amatha kutsitsidwa mpaka + 18 ° C. Pa + 16 ° duwa limwalira. Pa + 30 ° ndi kupitilira, adzapulumuka, koma ndi kuthirira koyenera. |
Mphika, dothi, kufalikira
Ma rhizomes a duwa ndi owonda komanso osalimba. Pendekera pafupi ndi dothi. Chifukwa chake, podzala, muyenera kusankha wobzala wosaya kapena mbale yayikulu. Mtengowo wabzalidwa m'magulu (atatu kapena kupitilira).
Mukakulitsa maluwa "njira yokokota" muyenera kutola mphika waukulu kuti pakhale malo okwanira kumamatira tinyanga. Ngati kugwetsa kumapangidwa mu chomera cholendewera, ndiye kuti mphamvu yake itha kuchepetsedwa: masharubu amachepera.
Dothi limakhala lopepuka, lomwe lili ndi sing'anga acidity. Dothi limakhala ndi pepalalo, peat ndi mchenga (3: 1: 1). Sphagnum ndi phulusa zimawonjezeredwa. Drainage ndikofunikira: pansi pamakhala limba ndi dongo lokakulitsidwa kapena polystyrene (wosanjikiza masentimita atatu).
Mtengowo umakula mwachangu, ndikuwuchotsa kamodzi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri. Zimachitika motere:
- chinthucho chimathiriridwa madzi ndikuchotsa mosamala mu mphika;
- muzu umayesedwa: malo ouma ndi owola amachotsedwa;
- ngalande yokhala ndi masentimita atatu imayikidwa pansi, nthaka imathiridwa pansi;
- ikamatera, kuthirira.
Kuzungulira kwa mphika wogundira sikuyenera kupitirira 20 cm.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira kwambiri ndikofunikira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka Okutobala, tsiku lililonse. Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kuganizira kutentha ndi chinyezi. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kuwongolera pafupipafupi: kudikirira mpaka nthaka pamwamba pomwe yowuma. Madzi othiridwa mu sump ayenera kuthiridwa nthawi yomweyo. Chinyontho chowonjezera chidzawononga mbewu, komanso kuyanika.
Madziwo amatengedwa zofewa, nkukhazikika kwa masiku awiri. Kutentha - + 28- + 30ºС. Madzi a bomba amfewetsedwa ndi mandimu.
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti madonthowo sakugwera pamitengo: kuthilira ndi mphuno yayitali kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Madzi amathiridwa m'mphepete mwa mapoto.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ndi kukula kwantchito, kuvala pamwamba komanso zopukutira organic kapena zovuta zamaluwa amkati ndikulimbikitsidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito komanso kuvala pamwamba pokongoletsa masamba ndi maluwa. Mutha kuzigula kumsika wapadera.
Mlingo umawonetsedwa pa kuyala kwa feteleza, umachepetsedwa ndi 2-2,5 nthawi.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kawiri pamwezi. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, simuyenera kuthira manyowa. Nthaka ikakwiriridwa, chochitikacho sichingachitike: mutha kuwotcha mizu.
Kuumba ndi kudula
Mphukira zazing'ono siziyenera kupachika pamoto: zimawululidwa ndikuvulazidwa. Izi zitha kupewedwa ndikamaika thumba la 20 cm mu miphika ndikuwongolera momwemo. Mphukira zikadzaza, zimatha kuloledwa kuti zimere zokha.
Njira zazitali zimamera mizu m'maluwa oyandikana ndi maluwa. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kudulidwa. Zigawo za mwana wamkazi zingabzalidwe mumphika ndikulongosola kwa amayi. Mtengowo udzakhala wokongola komanso wokongola kwambiri.
Kuswana
Njira:
- ndi mbewu;
- makanda a ana;
- mbali mphukira;
- kudula.
Pofesedwa ndi mbeu, mmera mu 90% ya milandu amataya mawonekedwe ake. Kubzala kumachitika mu Januwale kapena mu June padziko lapansi, popanda kuwaza. Mbewu zimafuna malo obiriwira + 20ºС. Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonetsedwa pambuyo pa masiku 10-14. Pakatha mwezi umodzi amathanso kuziika m'magulu awiri.
Akafalikira ndi ma rosette, iwo, osalekanitsidwa ndi kufotokozera kwa akuluakulu, amakwiriridwa m'nthaka ndikuzika mizu. Pambuyo pake, duwa limayikidwa mumphika wamaluwa watsopano kapena kubzala pa chomera cha mayi. Mizu imawonekera patatha sabata limodzi.
Zodulidwa bwino, zomwe kale ankazipanga ndi "Kornevin," zimabzalidwe m'nthaka yokonzedwa kale. Chophimbidwa ndi galasi. Pakupita masiku ochepa, zodulidwa zidzazika mizu.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadulidwa kuchokera kwa chomera. Iliyonse imagawidwa m'magawo atatu ndipo imakhazikika m'madzi. Kenako, ikamatera.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Ndi zolakwika zosamalira, mavuto amabuka:
| Vutoli | Kodi chifukwa chake ndikuchithetsa bwanji? |
| Pamalo obiriwira, mawanga a bulauni osakhazikika amapangidwa. | Mukathirira, madzi ozizira kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamaso pa ndondomekoyi, iyenera kutenthedwa. |
| Mtundu wobiriwira umasanduka chikaso, umagwa. | Pali michere yochuluka kwambiri m'nthaka: muyenera kuthira feteleza chomera pafupipafupi. Zomwe zimatha kukhazikika zimayikidwa nthawi yayitali kumayendedwe a ultraviolet, kuthirira kwambiri. |
| Udzu umapindika mu udzu. | Maluwa samamwe madzi, koma ochulukirapo. |
| Malekezero a masamba amakhala a bulauni, owuma. | Kupanda chinyezi mlengalenga kapena pansi. |
| Masamba amayamba kuzimiririka, kuzimiririka, kuzimiririka. | Zomera zilibe kuwala. Iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zowonjezera. |
| Amadyedwewo amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira kapena wa imvi. | Duwa silikhala ndi mpweya wabwino wokwanira: chipindacho chimafunikira kupumira mpweya pafupipafupi, kapena kumuyika ndikofunikira. |
| Kodi sikuti pachimake. | Chipilala chimathiriridwa madzi osavomerezeka, nthaka ili ndi nthawi yowuma. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, kusowa kwa feteleza, mpweya wouma kapena wozizira. |
| Kuchepa kwamaluwa, kutambalala. | Zomera zilibe kuwala. |
Matenda, tizirombo
Njira zothetsera matenda, tizirombo:
| Matendawa | Momwe mungazindikirire | Kupewa komanso chithandizo |
| Mitima | Chomera chimasanduka chikaso ndikuuma, utoto wonyezimira, zotupa zofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje zimawonekera pamasamba. | Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti chipinda chizikhala chinyezi kwambiri: izi zimalepheretsa kubereka kwa tizilombo. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba owuma. Chomera chimatha kuthandizidwa ndi thonje lokutidwa ndi sopo kapena kuwaza ndi madzi amodzimodzi. Mu sitolo mutha kugula mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Tanrek, Apache. |
| Nematode | Izi ndi mphutsi zomwe zimayambitsa ma rhizomes. Mtengowo umakula bwino, masamba ake amapindika. | Ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha kofunikira ndikutsatira malamulo othirira: kutentha ndi chinyezi chambiri zimathandiza nematode kuchulukana. Kuti muchotse tiziromboti, mizu ya chomera imatsitsidwa m'madzi otentha + 50ºС. Mercaptophos, mayankho a BI-58 amathandiza. Chomera chikakhudzidwa kwambiri, chimayenera kuwonongedwa ndipo dothi limachotsedwa. |
| Zovunda | Mizu yake imakhala yofewa, masamba amafota. | Popewa kupanga zowola, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi ochulukirapo munthawi yake, kupewa kukokoloka. Mukabzala ndikubzala, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Gliocladin. Kuti muchepetse zowola, muyenera kupha tizilombo ta mphika ndi zida zoyendetsera bwino. |
| Spider mite | Udzu umakhala wopindika, wowuma komanso wowuma. Petiole ili ndi kangaude. Zithunzi za Beige-chikasu zimapezeka pansi pa masamba. | Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinyezi, kuchita kangapo kamodzi kapena katatu pa sabata (makamaka mmunsi mwa pepalalo). Pofuna kuthana ndi majeremusi, amapha tizilombo m'mphika, mutha kugula poizoni m'sitolo. Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli ngati mungasunge chomera mu chidebe ndi anyezi, horseradish, kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena palafini, wokutira polyethylene, kwa masiku atatu kapena anayi. Duwa limakonkhedwa ndi ufa wowuma wakuda wakuda. |
| Zopatsa | Tizilombo timatha kuwoneka ndi maliseche, tikugwedeza masamba. Ndiwocheperako, woderapo kapena wakuda. Zingwe zazimaso zofiirira zimawonekera pamasamba, zofanana ndi zipsera. Zonenepa zimayera kapena kuyera. | Popewa matenda, chipindacho chimakhala ndi mpweya, chinyezi chimasungidwamo. Pafupi ndi potoyo tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa zida zogwirira ntchentche. Zomera zina siziyenera kufotokozedwa kale. Pofuna kuthetsa tizilombo, poizoni wogula amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anyezi ndi adyo infusions amayikidwa pafupi. Duwa limathiriridwa ndi ma decoctions azitsamba azitsamba. |
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Zizindikiro komanso zamatsenga zomwe zimakhudzana ndi duwa: kwanthawi yayitali kuli chikhulupiriro chakuti gawo lomwe lawonetsedwa limabweretsa chikondi ndi chisangalalo mnyumbayo. Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kupanga mitundu ingapo ya mbewuyo kunyumba. Komanso, duwa limakhala lochitira chisamaliro.
