Kulima kwa yamatcheri oyamikira: zinthu zobzala ndi kusamalira mtengo wa chitsamba

Tsabola yamtunduwu ndi ya mbewu zakuda. Zingathe kusakanikirana ndi pichesi, maula, nthuri yamatumbu, apurikoti. Iwo amayamikira ndi wamaluwa kwa oyambirira kucha kwa zipatso, khola zokolola, chisanu kukana ndi kukongoletsa kwambiri katundu. Madzi yamatcheri amodziwa ndi ovuta kubzala ndi kusunga, koma amafunika kutsatira kwambiri ulimi wa alimi.

Mukudziwa? China ndi malo obadwira. Chomeracho chimawonekera mu Ulaya latitudes mpaka I. I. Michurin.

Zamkatimu:

• Zomwe zimachititsa kuti chitumbuwa chikule
• Kuunikira kwa Cherry
• Tsamba lofiira: kodi nthaka ikhale yotani yokolola
• Chomera chitumbuwa chodzala
• Ndikhoza liti kuyika chitumbuwa chodziwika
• Kodi mungakonze bwanji dzenje lokhazikika?
• Momwe mungabzalitsireko kumva chitumbuwa
• Mbali yosamalirako zipatso zowonongeka m'munda
• Kusamalira dothi
• Kupaka zovala ndi kuthirira
• Zomwe zimayambira kudulira
• Matenda aakulu ndi matenda omera
• Cherry atamva: Kukolola

Tsamba yamatope: ndondomeko

Chikhalidwe chinatchulidwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mulu wa nthambi, masamba ndi zipatso, zofanana ndi zomwe zinamveka. Mitengo imakula mpaka mamita 2.5-3 mu msinkhu. Mavitaminiwa ali ndi organic acids, chakudya, mavitamini a gulu B, PP, C. Amapsa masiku 7-10 m'mbuyomo kuposa yamatcheri amodzi, samatha.

Chikhalidwe chimafalitsidwa kawirikawiri ndi mizu ya cuttings ndi mpweya wakuyikira. Pa mbande za maula, apricot, chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa, mukhoza kubzala kumva chitumbuwa ndi diso kapena kudula. Chomerachi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulimbikitsa mapiri, kupanga mazenera. Chosowa chachikulu cha chikhalidwe ndi zofooka, koma chifukwa cha kukwanitsa kudulira moyo wa mtengo akhoza kuwonjezeka zaka 10 mpaka 20. Motero, chitumbuwa chinagwidwa ndi kufotokozedwa, mosiyanasiyana monga ofanana ndi chitumbuwa chofala.

Zomwe zimachititsa kuti chitumbuwa chikule

Kuunikira kwa Cherry

Kudyetsa bwino kwa ma cherries kumatanthauzanso kusankha malo omwe ali abwino kwambiri pakuunikira. Pogwiritsa ntchito fruiting zambiri, mtengo umasowa dzuwa, mwinamwake zipatso zimakhala zazing'ono, zowonongeka, ndipo kenako zimakula. Choncho, sikofunika kudzala chomera mumthunzi wa mitengo ina.

Tsamba lofiira: kodi nthaka ikhale yotani yokolola

Asanadzale anamva yamatcheri, m'pofunika kusankha nthaka yabwino. Njira yabwino ikadakhala yowala (mchenga, loamy), nthaka yachonde yopanda ndale komanso madzi abwino. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kungawononge chomeracho. M'dziko la acidic ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kupanga laimu.

Kwa pereovleniya pa malo ayenera kubzalidwa mitundu ingapo kapena mbande zingapo, malingana ndi makhalidwe a zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mitundu yodzikonda yomwe imamva yamatcheri imaphatikizapo Kusangalala, Ana, Kum'maŵa, Kukongola, Maloto, Chilimwe, Mbalame. Kwa osadzichepetsa - Natalie, Alice, Autumn Virovka ndi ena.

Ndikofunikira! Sizowonjezera kuti mubzala mitengo yamatcheri yomwe ili pafupi ndi mitengo ya coniferous.

Chomera chitumbuwa chodzala

Ndikhoza liti kuyika chitumbuwa chodziwika

Yamatcheri yamadzimadzi (1-2-zaka-mbande) ndi abwino kubzala kumayambiriro kasupe, pamaso Mphukira kuswa. Ndi kotheka kubzala kumverera yamatcheri mu kugwa, mu September. Zidutswa zimagulidwa mtsogolo, ndibwino kuti prikopat mpaka masika.

Kodi mungakonze bwanji dzenje lokhazikika?

Zomwe zimayendera za dzenje la kubzala:

• kuya - 50 cm;
• m'lifupi - 60 cm.

Ndikofunika kuti:

• 3 ndowa za feteleza organic;
• 800 g wa laimu;
• potaziyamu;
• phosphorus.

Zonsezi ziyenera kutsanuliridwa pansi pa dzenje ndi kusakaniza bwino.

Momwe mungabzalitsireko kumva chitumbuwa

Mizu ya mmera musanadzalemo iyenera kudulidwa mpaka 20-25 masentimita ndipo mosamala yokhala ndi dongo phala. Analima panthawi yomweyo pamene mbewuyo inakula.

Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kuti muzitsitsimutsa kwambiri khosi la mtengo mumtambo, chifukwa udzafa pamtundu umenewu. Khosi lisakhale pansi pa masentimita 3-4 a nthaka.

Mutabzala, nthaka imakhala madzi okwanira, ophatikizidwa ndi ophatikizidwa ndi feteleza kapena feteleza.

Mbali yosamalirako zipatso zowonongeka m'munda

Kusamalira dothi

Kusamalira nthaka ndi chofunika kuti mukhale ndi bwino kumverera yamatcheri. Zikuphatikizapo:

• kuwonongeka kwa namsongole kwa nthawi yake, kuletsa mtengo wa zakudya;
• nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa nthaka kuti atsimikizire kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi ku mizu. Pa nthawi yomweyo yesetsani kuti musapite masentimita asanu;
• chinyezi cha nthaka m'nyengo zouma.

Kupaka zovala ndi kuthirira

Kudyetsa wa kumva yamatcheri akhoza kuchitika mwamsanga pambuyo maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, mumtengowo mtengo mtengo uliwonse umapereka:

• 5-7 makilogalamu a organic feteleza;
• 70 g wa phosphoric;
• 30 g wa nayitrogeni;
• 20 g wa potashi.

Zaka zisanu zilizonse, nthaka pansi pa chomera iyenera kukhala mandimu.

Yam'madzi yamatcheri amatsanulira pa nthawi yomwe ikukula nyengo ndi mapangidwe a zipatso pali kusowa kwa mphepo. Chinyezi chokwanira chingathe kuwononga mizu ya mbewu ndi kukhudza fruiting.

Zomwe zimayambira kudulira

Kudulira zipatso zamtengo wapatali ndi njira yabwino yowonjezeramo moyo wa chomera ndikupeza zokolola zambiri.

Kawirikawiri imachitika m'chaka, pamaso pa ma impso. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa:

• nthambi zakale, zomwe zipatso sizinapangidwe;
• Zowuma, zofooka, mphukira zakuda;
• nthambi zikulowetsa mkati mwa korona;
• nthambi zina zomwe zimatetezana kuti zisamakhale bwino.

Chifukwa chake, kudulira pamtengo ayenera kukhala 10-12 okha amphamvu mphukira. Wakale wa chitumbuwa, kudulira kwakukulu kumachitika, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa mafupa akale a mtengo ndi nthambi zatsopano. Kuwotchera kofiira kumakhala kotheka kugwa, pamene chiwembucho chimakhala chofanana ndi kumayambiriro a masika. Komabe, ikuphatikizidwa ndi kuyeretsa masamba akugwa, kuchotsa nthambi zakuwonongeka. Zotsalira zonse zazitsamba ziyenera kutenthedwa, chifukwa zingathe kupitirira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Matenda aakulu ndi matenda omera

Ngakhale kuti amamva yamatcheri amadziwika ndi kukana matenda, pali matenda omwe angamutsutse. Monilioz (monilial burn) amayamba ndi spores za bowa zomwe zinagwera pa masamba a pistil ndipo potsirizira pake zimalowa mkati mwa mphukira. Kawirikawiri matendawa amadzimva bwino maluwa. Chakumapeto kwa May, nthambi ndi masamba zimafota. Mu nyengo yamvula, matendawa amakula mofulumira kuposa wouma. Kuti mumve mankhwalawa, m'pofunikira kupopera mbewu ndi fungicides (Fitosporin-M, Abigak-Peak, Bordeaux madzi). Mphukira zokhudzidwa zidula. Coccomycosis ndi matenda a fungal omwe amachititsa kuti asatuluke masamba oyambirira. Chifukwa chaichi, chilengedwe cha chitumbuwa chimasweka, chitetezo chache chitachepa. Kulimbana ndi matendawa mankhwala a mphukira Bordeaux osakaniza, mankhwala "Horus". The tizirombo wa kumva yamatcheri ndi awa:

• aphid;
• masamba a masamba;
• plum zipatso mphero.

Pofuna kuteteza iwo, yamatcheri amafunika kumamatira kulima kwaulimi, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa masamba osagwa, nkhuku za mbozi, komanso kudya bwino. M'chaka, tikhoza kulangiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi phulusa ndi kuthirira nthambi ndi ofunda, ofooka potassium permanganate.

Cherry atamva: Kukolola

Zaka zitatu mutabzala, chitumbuwacho chimayamba kubereka zipatso. Mpaka 4 kg ya zipatso akhoza kukolola kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi. Zomera zimakolola zomera zonse panthawi yomweyo kapena panthawi yochepa. Mtundu wa chipatso umadalira zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku pinkish mpaka ku mdima wofiira.

Ngati mukukonzekera kuyendetsa yamatcheri, ndibwino kuti muwatenge mwamsanga pamene iwo apangidwa mwakhama ndikukhala ofanana ndi mtundu wobala zipatso. Chotupa cha chitumbuwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo amene akufuna kukula chomera chodzichepetsa chimene chimapereka chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi zipatso, komanso chimakondweretsa diso ndi wosakhwima masamba ndi ochuluka maluwa.

Mukudziwa? Zipatso sizilekerera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka katundu, kotero zimakhala zosagulitsidwa.