Mwambo wa kubala nkhunda unayambira nthawi yayitali, makamaka m'mayiko a Mediterranean. Nyama ya nkhunda kuoneka ndi kulawa ikufanana ndi nyama ya mbalame zakutchire - ndi zakudya komanso zosavuta kudya zomwe zili zoyenera ngakhale kwa ana ang'onoang'ono.
Masiku ano, mafilimu ambiri a nkhuku amasonyeza chidwi pa kubereka mbeu za nkhunda, zomwe sizingokhala zokondweretsa zokha, koma ndizomwe zimapangidwanso. Nkhaniyi imalongosola mfundo zomwe alimi amatha kudziwa, kapena omwe asankha kuyambitsa nkhunda ngati bizinesi yopindulitsa.
Mukudziwa? Aigupto akale, Agiriki ndi Aroma ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhuku kuti aziphika. Akatswiri akale Achiroma Varro, m'zaka za m'ma BC BC. er adafotokoza dovecote, yomwe inali ndi mbalame zoposa 5,000. Iwo anali odzichepetsa kwambiri potumikira ku banja lachifumu ndi olemekezeka olemekezeka. Kukoma kwapamwamba ndi zakudya za nyama ya njiwa zinakondedwanso ndi wasayansi wamkulu ndi dokotala Avicenna, yemwe analimbikitsa kuti ayenera kudyedwa ndi anthu odwala.
Kusankha nyama (njiwa ya nyama)
Kulima nkhunda za mtundu wa nyama zimakhala ndi zochitika zingapo zosangalatsa kuti aliyense amene wasankha kuchita nawo ulimi wa nkhuku ayenera kudziwa. Choyamba, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nkhunda ndizodzichepetsa komanso mbalame zomwe sizidziimira, zomwe nthawi ya chilimwe zimatha kusamalira chakudya.
Komanso njiwa zimakhala zosiyana ndi oimira ena a mbalame:
- Choyamba, iwo ndi a mbalame zamphaka, zomwe zimakhala makamaka m'magulu akulu;
- Kachiwiri, njiwa zimakhala zokhazokha, ndiko kuti, kamodzi kawiri kawiri kamakhala kolimba kwambiri ndipo sichitha kugwa (osati kuwerengera imfa ya mmodzi wa abwenzi);
- Chachitatu, njiwa ndizo zokhazo zomwe zimaimira mbalame zomwe zimatchedwa "mkaka wa mbalame" zomwe amadyetsa anapiye. Uwu ndi mtundu wa gruel, womwe umaoneka mu mbalame zazikulu ndi epithelium ya makoma a goiter. Komanso, izi zimatulutsidwa osati kwa akazi okha, komanso amuna, mosiyana ndi zinyama. "Mkaka wa Mbalame" ndiwowopereka chakudya cha anapiye m'masiku oyambirira a moyo.
Komanso, musanayambe nkhunda za nyama, muyenera kudzidziwa nokha ndi mitundu yomwe ilipo kuti muthe kusankha yoyenera kwambiri. Zina mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya njiwa ndi izi: 
- "Mfumu" - poyambira ku USA, amasiyanitsa ndi chiwerengero cha oimira ake. Pokonzekera bwino, njiwa imachedwa kulemera: mu masiku 45 zimatha kulemera kwa 700 g. Chaka chimodzi, "Mfumu" yazimayi imatha kupanga nkhuku zabwino zokwana 18. Mbalame zazikulu za mtundu uwu zimapitirira pafupifupi 650-800 g, ndipo zitsanzo za mawonetsero nthawi zina zimafika kulemera kwa theka ndi hafu pa kilogalamu ziwiri. Kupha nkhunda kumaphatikizapo 60% mpaka 68% ndipo zimadalira mikhalidwe: pamene kubereka mbalame zokha m'zitseke, kulemera kwa mitembo kuli kocheperapo kusiyana ndi maulendo osayenda;
- Nkhunda yaikulu ya njiwa "Strasser"Wakabadwira ku Western Europe, umakhala ndi ntchito yabwino. Kulemera kwa mwamuna wamtundu uwu kumatha kufika makilogalamu 1.2. Ali ndi zaka 30, kulemera kwa njiwa nthawi zambiri ndi 700 g. Nyama ya Strassers ndi yabwino kwambiri. Kupha kunenepa kwa mtundu uwu kumafikira 60%.
"Aroma" nkhunda - mtunduwu unabzalidwa ku Italy, ndipo unapitanso patsogolo ku France. Kulemera kwa amuna akuluakulu kumafika 1-1.3 kg, akazi - mpaka 1.1 makilogalamu. Kupha kulemera moyenera kungathe kufika 70%.- "Monden" Mbalame ya njiwa ikuchokera ku France, Monde-Marsan. Kulemera kwa nkhunda zazikulu kufika pa 1.1 makilogalamu. Kwa masiku 30 achinyamata a mtundu uwu akhoza kulemera kwa 700 gr. Kupha nyama zowonjezera ndi 61%. Nkhunda "mtundu wa Mondensky" umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nkhunda, yomwe ndi 28.7%;
- "Carnot" - mtundu woyamba mwa nkhunda. Kulemera kwa mwamuna wamkulu kumakhala pakati pa 550 ndi 700 g. Kwa mwezi umodzi, achinyamata amatha kulemera mpaka 330-340 g. Ndithudi, izi siziri zoyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, komabe, pa mtundu uwu, kulemera si chinthu chachikulu. "Carnot" imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwa nyama, yomwe nthawi zambiri imaposa mitundu ina.
"Aroma" nkhunda - mtunduwu unabzalidwa ku Italy, ndipo unapitanso patsogolo ku France. Kulemera kwa amuna akuluakulu kumafika 1-1.3 kg, akazi - mpaka 1.1 makilogalamu. Kupha kulemera moyenera kungathe kufika 70%.
Kawirikawiri, palibe mitundu yambiri ya nkhunda, monga mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya nkhuku kapena abakha. Choncho, vuto lalikulu la kusankha mbalame ndiko kupeza wobala bwino. Kawirikawiri, alimi a nkhuku amayenera kufunafuna oimira bwino mtundu wina kudziko lina: ku Poland, Czech Republic, ndi Germany, malingana ndi dziko lomwe amabereka nkhunda zambiri za mtundu uwu.Mukasankha mbalame kuti izitha kuswana, muyenera kuyamba kumvetsera thanzi lake. Njiwa iyenera kukhala yopanda chidwi komanso yodetsa nkhaŵa, maso ake ayenera kukhala oyera, ndipo nthenga ziyenera kukhala zosalala, osang'amba. Ndikofunika kutsegula mapiko a mbalame ndikuyang'ana ngati palibe mabowo mu nthenga (chizindikiro cha matenda otukumula), ndithudi, simukusowa kugula mbalame yotereyi.
Ndifunikanso kugula njiwa muwiri. Pofuna kumvetsetsa kuti pali awiriwa, ikani mbalame mubokosi la ziwiri. Ngati nkhunda ya njiwa ndi njiwa imatsuka nthenga zake ndikuphwanya mutu wake, zikutanthauza kuti pali peyala patsogolo panu. Ngati mbalame zikulimbana, ndiye kuti ali ndi amuna amodzimodzi.
Malo a nkhunda
Popeza njiwa ndi mbalame zopanda ulemu, malo ambiri sangafunikire kumanga munda wa nkhunda. Chipinda chokongola choyenera kapena chipangizo chachikulu mu nkhokwe ndi malo osungira katundu. Inde, njira yabwino ndikumanga chipinda chokha chimene nkhunda zidzasungidwe. Koma izi sizitanthauza ndalama zambiri zowonjezera ndalama: yoyenera ngati khola lotseguka ndi nkhonya, komanso nyumba ya nkhunda, yomwe mbalame zimapuma ndikubisala mvula.
Mosasamala kanthu za kusankha malo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti amphaka ndi nyama zina zowonongeka sakanakhoza kuloŵa m'dera la nkhunda. Choncho, sizingakhale zodabwitsa kukweza nyumba ya nkhunda pamwamba pa nthaka. Powerengera dera la nkhunda - ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti 12 mamita akhoza kugwira mpaka nkhunda 50. Pambuyo pokonza malo, pansi pa nyumba ya njiwa iyenera kukonzedwa ndi mchenga, chifukwa izi zidzathandiza kutsuka mtsogolo. Pamphepete mwa khoma la dovecote mukufunika kusintha malowo.
Kukonzekera nesting nkhunda
Musanayambe nyengo yodyetsera, muyenera kuyeretsa bwino ndi kukonza makina opangira mazira ndi mabokosi otupa. Nkofunikira kuti chiwerengero cha mabokosi otentha chikhale chachikulu kuposa awiri awiri a nkhunda mu dovecote. Izi zidzalola njiwa kuti zisankhe malo awo enieni kuti zisamalidwe komanso kuti zisamenyane nazo. 
Pogwirizanitsa ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chisa chachisa ndi chitseko. Mabokosi ayenera kukhala kutali kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake mwatheka kuti mbalame zikumbukire malo a chisa chawo. Nkhunda zitapanga mabanja, mabotolo oyenerera ayenera kusandulika kukhala mazira, chifukwa izi, zisa ziwiri zimayikidwa mubokosi lililonse, kumanja ndi kumanzere.
Mu dovecotes yaing'ono, mungathe kukonza chisa popanda mabokosi, pamatumba. Kenaka, zisazi ziyenera kupatulidwa ndi makoma ozungulira. Izi ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mabokosi odyetserako ziyenera kupezeka kuti awoneke bwino, koma kuwala kowala sikugwera m'matope. Pamaso mwa njiwa zowunikira, mabokosiwa ali ndi zofunda zofewa za udzu kapena udzu. Pamene mbalame zimawombera zisa zawo, muyenera kutsanulira phulusa kapena pyrethrum pansi pawo.
Kulera nkhunda
Kulima njiwa kuti zikhale nyama, ndikofunika kwambiri kudya chakudya chabwino kwa mbalame zazing'ono. Nyama ndi ubwino wa nyama pa zotsatira zake zimadalira izi.
Kusamba
Achinyamatawa amawoneka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana pakakula. Choncho, chakudyacho chikhale ndi mavitamini, zakudya ndi mchere. Masabata oyambirira atatha, nkhunda imakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka. Pewani zigawo pamene chiwongolero cha achinyamata chimafanana ndi mbalame zazikulu. M'maŵa mbalame zimapatsidwa chakudya chochepa, ndipo madzulo amachikulitsa.
Zimalimbikitsanso kusakaniza tirigu ndi mafuta ochepa nsomba musanadyetse. Kuti nkhunda zikhale bwino, zimadyetsedwa tirigu wambiri ndi balere ndi nandolo. Pambuyo pa msinkhu wachinyamata ukuyamba kuwuluka mu gulu ndi mbalame zazikulu, kuchuluka kwa tirigu kumachepetsedwa kawiri, kumalowetsa ndi magawo ofanana ndi nandolo ndi wiki. Chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri popatsa nyama zinyama: tirigu 20%, nandolo ndi chimanga 10% peresenti, balere 20% ndi mapira 30%. Mtengo wa tsiku lililonse wa osakaniza 1 mbalameyi ndi 40 g.
Kwa achinyamata omwe ali ofooka omwe akusowa m'mbuyo pakukula ndi chitukuko, amafunika kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. chisakanizo cha tirigu, nyemba za chimanga, mpunga woyengedwa, phala la tirigu ndi yisiti ya chakudya. Komanso mukusakaniza muyenera kuwonjezera mafuta asanu a nsomba, ndi madzi akumwa - yankho la shuga 5%.
Maofesiwa adzafuna supplementation mu zakudya ndi mawonekedwe a chakudya chobiriwira pamtunda wa 10 g pa 1 mbalame patsiku. Mu mawonekedwe a zowonjezera, mbatata yophika, phala ndi mkate ndi abwino. Thupi limakhuta mkati mwa masiku 12-14. Muyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti musanadye chakudya chilichonse cha mbalameyi mulibe kanthu.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kunyalanyaza nyama zinyama ndi zowonjezera ku chakudya chachikulu, zomwe zimadzetsa kupweteka m'mimba komanso kutaya thupi.
Kupha mbalame
Mbalame zamtundu wa nkhunda zimaphedwa, kawirikawiri zimafa pakati pa 28 ndi 35 masiku okalamba. Izi zisanachitike, mbalameyi imadzazidwa ndi mbewu za katsabola, chitowe, nyerere, kuti nyamayo ikhale yosangalatsa kwambiri. Kuti nyamayi ikhale yoyera komanso yowonjezera, mungathe kupha mbalameyi ndi mkaka wamchere musanaphedwe. Tsiku lomwe lisanaphedwe, mbalame zaima kuti zidyetse, izi zimapangitsa kuti mitembo ikhale yowonongeka komanso kuti nyama izikhala bwino. Nkhunda zingaphedwe mofanana ndi mbalame zina.
