Chlorosis pa mphesa: zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Dzinalo lotchuka la matenda a mphesa lomwe limayenderana ndi kuphwanya kapangidwe ka mankhwala a chlorophyll ndi kufooka. Masamba otambalala amasanduka achikasu, utoto utoto amawonekera. Chlorosis imafunikira chithandizo mwachangu kuti matenda azachulukane am'mimba, apo ayi thumba losunga mazira limayamba kugwa, masamba amagwa. Matendawa siovuta kudziwa, koma kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa ndizovuta. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa bwino kwambiri, zipatso zimachepa. Mitundu ina yomwe imakonda chlorosis imakonda kuthandizidwa.

Mitundu, zoyambitsa, zizindikiro za mphesa chlorosis

Chlorosis ndi matenda komanso osapatsirana.

Viral chlorosis

Matenda opatsirana amatenga kachilombokaakalowa:

kudzera mabala ochokera kwa oyamwa magazi;
kwa mmera wokhala ndi kachilombo wobweretsedwa m'nthaka;
kudutsa malo a scion, ngati katunduyo adatengedwa kuchokera ku mtengo wamphesa.

Imawoneka ngati masamba achikasu pamasamba, makamaka pafupi ndi mitsempha ndi mitsempha yokha. Masamba amakhala okongola. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe opatsirana a kagayidwe ka maselo mu mpesa amatchedwa yellow mosaic.

Ku Russia, matendawa siofala, koma matendawa nthawi yotentha nthawi zambiri amafala. Mizu, mbali zonse za chomera zakhudzidwa, mpesa uyenera kutayidwa. Mavairasi sachita mantha ndi chisanu, mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndi matenda otere, zitsamba zamphesa zimawotchedwa.

Mitundu ya chlorosis ya thupi

Chlorosis yopanda matenda imayambitsa masamba ambiri achikaso. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe chifukwa chosowa nayitrogeni, nthaka, sulfure, magnesium, chitsulo. Ndi kuyambitsa kwa michere kudzera m'mizu kapena masamba, tsamba limamera. Kudyetsa ndi njira yotsimikizika.

Edaphic imalumikizidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka komanso nyengo yachilendo:

kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha;
kuzizira kwadzidzidzi usiku;
nthawi youma.

Kuchokera pamatenda a matendawa, njira zamankhwala zimasankhidwa - amathetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa chlorophyll. Ngati simukuchita chilichonse, masamba owonongeka amawuma, mafomu amafupikisano, mphukira amakula.

Carbonate imadziwika munthaka ya nthaka yamchere, pali chitsulo, koma sichimamizidwa. Kashiamu imalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ayoni zitsulo, tchire limafota pamaso pathu.

Chlorosis akusowa kwachitsulo kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kuzindikira ndikovuta. Kunja, matendawa amafanana ndikusowa chinyezi. Koma mutatha kuthirira, mkhalidwe wa mipesa imakulirakulira. Kusowa kwachitsulo kumuyo kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a mkuwa wambiri mu nthaka (mcherewo umalowa ndi Bordeaux fluid).

Kupanda zinthu zina, kufufuza mphesa:

pamene chomera chikufunika bromine, kuwola kwamtundu, mawonekedwe a thumba losunga mazira ndi mawonekedwe;
Zovala zapamwamba za zinc zimafunikira ngati masamba atakhala wobiriwira pang'ono, kuzimiririka, pang'ono kupindika;
magnesium imazindikira zaka za mphesa, popanda mphesa, masamba otsika amagwera, thunthu limawululidwa, limadetsedwa;
Manganese amatanthauzanso kaphatikizidwe ka chlorophyll, ndipo vuto la kuchepa kwa malire limawonekera pamasamba.

Zochita kuti mupeze chlorosis ndi njira zamankhwala

Choyamba muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe matenda opatsirana. Chizindikiro chotsimikizika chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira pamtengo. Yang'anani mpesa kuchokera kumbali zonse. Chlorosis nthawi zambiri imawoneka pazomera zingapo zapafupi nthawi imodzi. Ndikofunika kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka kuti musankhe feteleza woyenera kapena chinthu chomwe chili ndi chitsulo.

Fomu la carbonate ndilofala kwambiri. Wokonzekera wokha-wokha kapena wodziyikira-wokonzekera kupanga mphesa pakakhala chitsulo. Kumayambiriro kwa tchire, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, 200-400 g zachitsulo zachitsulo zimabzalidwa m'nthaka. Amachitanso chimodzimodzi mu kugwa. M'chilimwe, amapopera mphesa ndi 1% iron sulfate kapena chelate chitsulo (10 l madzi, 7 g wa citric acid, 10 g a sulfate yachitsulo). Ndi chinyontho chowonjezera cha nthaka, mayamwidwe a kufufuza zinthu ndi mizu bwino ammonium nitrate kapena sulfate, amamangirira nayitrogeni.

Simuyenera kukonzekera ndi feteleza pansi pa chitsamba .. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi pang'onopang'ono 40 cm mwakuya kutalika kwa 80 cm pamtunda wa chitsamba. Thirirani mbewuyo chovala chisanachitike komanso mutatha kuvala.

Ndi calcareous chlorosis, sulfuric acid yokhala ndi madzi amathandiza (asidi umathiridwa m'madzi mu gawo la 1:10). 5 l yankho lotere limathirira chitsamba chilichonse.

Komanso, pofuna kupewa chlorosis, nyemba, nyemba, clover, njere zimabzalidwa m'mizere pakati pa mizere.

Ndikofunika kuchitira zovuta kuvala zapamwamba zapamwamba kuti tisasunge mphesa. Mu masiku angapo padzakhala kusintha kowonekera. Koma ngati chifukwa chachikulu chophwanya kaphatikizidwe ka chlorophyll pamizu ndikuti samatenga zinthu zofunika, masamba amatembenukiranso chikasu.

Kubzala nthaka ndi urea kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, kumapereka acidity yofunikira, imatengedwa mwachangu ndi mpesa. Zolemba zina zovuta za nayitrogeni: nitrophoska; azofoska.

Kwa iwo amawonjezera potaziyamu nitrate, superphosphate. Popewa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a Bordeaux, omwe ali ndi mkuwa ndi calcium. Pazithunzi zonse, macro ndi micronutriens onse amafunikira.

Chlorosis kugonjetsera mitundu ya mphesa

Palibe kuthawa ku kachilombo ka virus. Tikamayankhula za mitengo yokhazikika ya mphesa, tikulankhula za mitundu yosatengera matenda. Mwa mitundu yokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira chabwino chomwe chitha kupirira kupsinjika kwa nyengo popanda chlorosis, pali mitundu yamitundu ya vinyo ndi tebulo: