Nkhuta zosiyana (kapena zakutchire) n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi achibale awo ambiri "ndipo" komanso koposa zonse, kuthawa. Iyi ndi mbalame yokondweretsa kwambiri, kuyang'ana zomwe mungaphunzire zambiri. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye tikukuuzani kuti muwerenge mfundo zotsatirazi.
Kufotokozera ndi maonekedwe
Zing'anga zapadera zimakhala za ana aang'ono a grouse, dongosolo la nkhuku zonga, ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndizo. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa mbalame imodzi ndi 100-150 g, ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 16-20 masentimita. Mapikowa amakhala aatali ndipo amakhala ndi msinkhu wa 32-35 masentimita. Mchira uli waung'ono, pafupifupi imperceptible. 
Mtundu wa zinyalala zamadzi wamba ndi wodabwitsa kwambiri, koma wonse umakhala ndi mitundu yobiriwira. Imeneyi ndi mbali yapamwamba ya thupi la mbalame, koma nthawi zina pali zowonjezeredwa monga mawonekedwe a ocher ndi mawanga wakuda. Korona pamutu ndi mdima, ndi zooneka bwino zofiirira tinge, ndipo pambali pake zimadutsa mizere yambiri. Pamutu pa mbalame, maso a bulawuni ndi mulomo waung'ono wofiirira wa bulauni ulipo (nthawizina ukhoza kukhala ndi kuwala kowala).
Mukudziwa? Zilombo zoyambirira zakutchire zinkadyetsedwa m'madera otentha a ku Asia, kuchokera komwe adafika ku America, ndikufalikira ku Ulaya. Nkhuku zamakono za ku Japan (nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa pakhomo) ndi wachibale wapatali wa zinziri zaku Asia, ndipo Japanese anayamba kuswana kwake kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Muzimuna, mdima wa nthenga umadziwika pammero, masaya ndi chibwano, pamene zili m'magawuni izi zimakhala zowala kwambiri. Nkhono za amuna ndizofiira, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azisamalira amayi achichepere omwe sasowa mtundu wowala woterowo. 
Mimba imakhala yowala kwambiri kusiyana ndi gawo lachimake, ndipo zofiira zakuda, zoyera kapena zofiirira zimawoneka mosavuta pamwamba pa nthenga. Mtundu woterewu umalola kuti zinziri zam'tchire zikhale ndi moyo, chifukwa chophatikizidwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, zimakhala zosaoneka ndi zinyama ndizing'anga.
Zingwezi ndizochepa koma zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbalameyo ifulumire kuzungulira nthaka pangozi. Ngakhale kuti amatha kuthawa, zinziri zimawononga moyo wawo wonse.
Ŵerenganiponso za mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya zinziri: Zithunzi za Chitchaina, golidi wa Chigun, Chiestonia.
Kumene kulira zinziri
Zhunje zimafala m'mayiko ambiri Europe, Africa ndi Western Asia. M'mayiko a ku Russia, kumusaka kumachitika kummawa, komwe amakhala kumalo okongola komanso kumapiri. Malo otentha a mbalame zazing'ono ndi dziko lofunda la Afrika komanso gawo la kumadzulo kwa Asia. Kuthawira kumayiko akumwera kumakondweredwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, ndipo mbalame zimauluka mpaka kumphepete mwa kumpoto kwa May. 
Mbalame zimamva bwino m'madera otseguka omwe ali ndi mphukira, malo odyetserako ziweto kapena madzi osefukira, mpaka mamita 2,000.
Mukudziwa? Zilembo zatha kale kulowa mumlengalenga, ndipo izi zinachitika m'chaka cha 1990, pamene nkhuku za mbalamezi zimawonekera pa malo osungiramo malo. Mwachidziwikiratu, kukula kwachinyamatayo kunkachitika mwachindunji.
Njira ya moyo
Poyenda pafupi ndi malo okhalamo, mbalame zimasankha malo osayenera ku ulimi, kumene kuli malo ambiri othamanga ndipo palibe chifukwa chokhalirapo (sakonda izi). Mbalame zimathera tsiku lonse m'matchire akuluakulu, zimadzitengera okha chakudya, ndipo zimasokoneza miyeso yawo ya moyo, mbalame yosokonezeka imangoyima pomwepo, kuyesera kuyanjana mochuluka ndi malo ake. Pamene kuyandikira kwa munthu mwamsanga kumachoka ndikuuluka. 
Usiku, zinziri zimakwera kumera kapena pansi pa tchire la razgie, kubisala mmenemo mbuzi zochepa. Choncho amatha kutenthezana komanso kusasana ngakhale masiku ozizira kwambiri a nyengoyi.
Alipo adani ambiri omwe ali ndi zida zakutchire: kuchokera ku nkhandwe ndi ferrets kupita ku njoka, mbira ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, m'mayiko ambiri mbalame zimasaka, ndipo zimakakamizika kuthawa anthu. Kuyambira kumadera otentha kumapezeka mu September, koma mbalame zotsiriza zimasiya nyumba zawo mu November. Nkhosa zimayenda usiku, ndipo masana zimatsikira pansi ndikubisala m'nkhalango zam'mlengalenga.
Pezani zomwe zili zothandiza, momwe mungayang'anire zatsopano komanso mwamsanga kuswa mazira, komanso mazira angati anziri.
Chimene chimadyetsa zinziri wamba
Kufikira 48% ya chakudya mu zakudya zinziri wamba - chakudya cha nyama. M'masiku oyambirira a moyo, izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, koma ndi msinkhu, nkhuku zakale zimayamba kudya zomera zambiri: masamba ndi mphukira, kenako mbewu ndi mbewu. 
Maziko a zakudya pa msinkhu uwu ndi namsongole wamsongole, ndi masamba, masamba ndi zipatso zomwe mbalame zimatulutsa kuchokera ku tchire, kapena kutenga kuchokera ku nthaka, limodzi ndi nsikidzi kapena nyama zina zopanda kanthu, zimakhala ngati chitsimikizo china cha zinthu zonse zomwe mbalamezi zimafunikira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zinziri zikubwera kuchokera kumtunda, nthawi yoyamba chakudya chawo chiyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri, monga tizilombo ndi mbewu. Nkhuku zimapitsidwanso pang'onopang'ono kudyetsa nyama ndi nyumba zina.
Kuswana
Zing'onoting'ono - mbalame yotsiriza yomwe imabwerera kumalo osungiramo malo omwe amakhalapo kumapeto kwa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa May. Sakhazikitsa mapaundi okhazikika, kotero kuti mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense amamugonjetsa kuchokera kwa mpikisano. Pakatikati pa nthawi yaukwati, zinziri zimatulutsa mokweza, kumveka mobwerezabwereza panthawi, kukumbukira "kulira." Pazitsamba zomwezo zimayankhira, zomwe zimapanganso zisa mu zozama za nthaka. 
Amayi osamala amalowa pansi pamadzi ndi udzu wouma komanso nthawi zina nthenga zawo. Kuyambira 8 mpaka 20 mapepala a brownish, okhala ndi zipsera zakuda pa chipolopolo pamwamba pake amaikidwa mu chisa chimodzi. Ndondomeko ya makina a nkhuku amatha masiku 15-17, ndipo kuwerengera kumayamba kuchokera ku dzira lomaliza lomwe linayikidwa. Abambo samagwira nawo ntchito yolekanitsa kapena kubweretsa ana ang'onoang'ono, ndipo "atangoyamba kumene" atayima pang'ono (amathyola mazira ochepa kwambiri), amachoka chisa ndi amayi awo. 
Kale m'masiku oyambirira a kukhalapo kwake, nkhuku zofiira zobiriwira zomwe zimapezekapo zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, mukhoza kuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa mizere yambiri yomwe ikukwawa mu udzu, kuyesera kukhala ndi amayi. Kulemera kwake kwa nkhuku imodzi yatsopano yowonongeka kumakhala yochepetsetsa kusiyana ndi yazing'ono zazing'ono (pafupifupi 5,5 g), koma masiku 35 mpaka 40 a moyo mbalamezi zimafika kukula kwa "akuluakulu".
Kodi n'zotheka kukhalabe mu ukapolo
Zing'onozing'ono zimamva bwino kwambiri mu ukapolo, ndithudi, ngati mutalenga zinthu zonse zofunika kuti zikhazikike. Muzitsulo zazikulu kapena m'madera ozungulira, anthu am'tchire amachita mofanana ndi malo otseguka m'miyoyo yawo. Chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kuphunzira bwino zizoloŵezi zonse ndi zizoloŵezi za mbalame.
Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zikuyika zinziri kunyumba.
Mukasungidwa mu khola, kumapeto kwake ndikofunikira kukoka denga lofewakotero kuti pamene akudumphira (zinziri zamkuntho zimagwedezeka pamene zimawopa) mbalame sizidzivulaza ndi waya wolimba kapena denga.
Kudyetsa ukapolo kumaphatikizapo chakudya chomwe mbalamezo zimazoloŵera kuthengo, koma kuwonjezera mukhoza kupereka mkate, mbewu ndi masamba omwe anasonkhana pabwalo. Kuwonjezera apo, zinziri zimakonda kwambiri mchenga, choncho muyenera kuika tchenga mchenga.
Video: zinziri zakuda
Ngakhale kuti zinziri zimatha kukhala m'ndende mosavuta, pofuna kubereketsa mbalame kapena mazira, ndizofunika kuziganizira makamaka za mtundu uwu, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zilembo zamakono. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zakutchire sizikumana ndi zofunikira za wofalitsa, choncho ndi bwino kungoziyang'ana pazokha zamoyo.
