Kwa zaka 20 kuchokera pomwe zidakhalako, mphesa za NiZin zakhala mtundu wopangidwa wosakanizidwa m'minda yambiri pafupifupi nyengo zonse za kwathu komanso mayiko oyandikana nawo. Zosiyanasiyana, zowetedwa kumapeto kwa zaka chikwi chomaliza, zidakondana ndi ma viniga chifukwa cha kukoma kwambiri komanso kugulitsa zipatso, komanso chisamaliro chawo chosasamala komanso kusinthasintha kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Mbiri yakulimidwa kwa mphesa zamtundu wa Lowland
Mphesa za NiZin - mitundu yoyamba ya mphesa, yopangidwa ndi wokonda amateur V.N. Kraynov, yemwe amakhala mumzinda wa Novocherkassk. Viktor Nikolaevich amatchedwa wochita malonda "achinsinsi". Zowonadi, sankagwira ntchito muma labotale aliwonse, koma adapanga mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa m'munda wake. Monga woweta yekha adati, anali kuchita zamtchire kuyambira ali ndi zaka 15, abambo ake adamuphunzitsa izi, komanso osati wokhulupirira zakuthambo, koma wogwira ntchito. Popeza nyumba yanyengo ya V. N. Krainov idali m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Tuzla ndipo idadziwika ndi nyengo yabwino, adayesetsa kupanga mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu, mame m'mawa ndi chifunga. Ponseponse, mitundu 45 idapangidwa ndi obereketsa, ndipo pafupifupi onse akupezabe ntchito.
Zipatso za mphesa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mbeu kuchokera pagulu la V. N. Krainov zimadziwika ndi ma epithets "olimba, osangalatsa, opatsa chidwi, opambana".
Ndipo mitundu yoyamba kulandira tikiti yopita ku moyo ”inali ndendende mitundu ya NiZin. Ndizowona, ndi zilembo zazikulu "Z" pakati pa mawu. Wokangalika yekha, ponena za kuyamba kwa ntchito yake pa Novembara 30, 2009, adati adanyamula mitanda ya mitundu ingapo pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Mwachitsanzo: Talisman + Tomaysky, Talisman + Autumn Black ndi Talisman + kishmish Luchisty. Adalemba kuti: "Pofika mu 1998, mbewu zina zosakanizidwa zidatulutsa maluwa ndipo zidaphuka, mu Ogasiti-Seputembu mbewu yoyamba ya mphesa zatsopano idapezedwa, pomwe mtundu wa NiZin wosakanizidwa kale, womwe ndi nthano chabe, udasiyidwa."
NiZina adayamba kukhala wapamwamba: adamufanizira, adamuthandiza, koma kalasi tsopano "akugwira ntchito"
Poyamba NiZina anali wamkulu kumwera kwa Russia. Kenako idayamba kulima wamaluwa mumsewu wapakati komanso madera akumpoto kwambiri. Mu 1999, mitundu ya Nina, Tuzlovsky chimphona, Pervozvanny idadulidwa, kenako mndandanda wazowonjezera womwe udalandilidwa ndi Kraynov unakula ngati.
Pa intaneti mutha kupeza zigamulo zingapo zingapo za mitundu ya omwe anali "makolo" awa osakanizidwa.
Pankhaniyi, mwachidziwikire, muyenera kupita ku gwero, ndipo ngakhale pa moyo wa V. N. Krainov, tsamba lodzipereka pantchito yake limagwira ntchito. Pamenepo, zikuwoneka, zikunenedwa momveka bwino kuti NiZina ndizotsatira za kuphatikiza mitundu ya Kesha-1 ndi Radish. Kodi maukonde amapita kuti malingaliro ambiri pankhaniyi? Inde, kungochokera poti pamaziko a banjali, Kraynov adatulutsa mitundu ingapo motsatizana! Koma sivuta kujambula kufanana. Makolo omwewo ali ndi ana, onse owala komanso amdima. Kuyerekeza, kumene, ndikokokomeza, koma china chake chonga chomera: njira zosiyana zowoloka, mutha kukwaniritsa zosiyana. Komanso, woweta wina, V.V. Zagorulko wa mumzinda wa Zaporozhye, chifukwa chosankhidwa pamanja awiriwo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lily ya m'chigwacho inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi NiZina.
Kakombo wa m'chigwacho adachokera kwa makolo omwewo, koma mitundu iyi ndi yosiyana bwanji!
Alimi a mphesa analibe nthawi kuti adziwe kuti ndi V. N. Krainov yemwe anali wabwinoko - Nizina kapena Nina omwe amamutsatira, monga obereketsa adawasokoneza kwambiri, natulutsa mawonekedwe a hybrid otchedwa Nizina 2. Komanso, zidatsata kufotokozeredwa patsamba lake latsamba kuti ngakhale mawonekedwe, Nizin 2 ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Nizin: ngakhale mtundu wa zipatso ndi wosiyana, osatchulanso mawonekedwe ena. Inde, pambuyo pake Nizin 2 adalandira Ninel, koma izi zidawonjezera chisokonezo.
Chifukwa chake, kubwerera ku zomwe mbiri ya mphesa za V.N.Krainov inayamba, mphesa za NiZin. Kapena, monga momwe mwiniwake adalembera, "kwa wosakanikirana wazakukhazikitsidwa pakati pa kukhwima kwapakatikati."
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya mphesa za NiZina
Tchire la mphesa zamtundu wa Nisina limakula kupitilira kukula, ndipo limakula msanga, ndipo pakati pa mphukira zake, zambiri zimabala zipatso. Chiwerengero chawo chimawerengera kuti 60 - 80%. Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa mphukira kumadziwika, ndipo popeza maburashi amodzi kapena awiri amadzimadzi amatha kumangirizidwa pa aliyense, zokolola zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimadziwika kuti ndizapamwamba kwambiri. Chitsamba chimapirira zonse mpaka 24 mphukira, zipatso zolimba. Unyinji wocheperako wa chitsamba chimodzi popanda kusamalidwa kwathunthu ndi 6 kg.
Mabulosi a NiZina amakula kuti asasokonezane, ndipo zokolola zamtunduwu za mphesa zimadziwika kuti ndizokhazikika
Tchire limatha kumera limodzi kuchokera pamizu yake (kutanthauza kuti wadula mphesa za NiZin) komanso mchikhalidwe cholumikizidwa: kuchuluka kwa katemera mu manja aluso kuli pafupi ndi 100, zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zitsamba zambiri. Akuwombera nthawi yakukula ikucha bwino. Masamba achizolowezi. Nizina amayamba kubzala mbewu mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala; kutengera nyengo yakula, nthawi kuyambira pa chiyambi cha kukula mpaka kupsa kwathunthu kwa zipatso kuyambira pa miyezi 4 mpaka 4.5. Chifukwa chake, kusiyanasiyana sikumali koyambirira, m'malo mwake, kuyenera kuonedwa ngati kwapakatikati: Kukolola kumwera kumayambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ndi pakati komanso kumpoto - pafupi pakati pa Seputembala.
Nizina amadziwika ngati mitundu yosagwira chisanu: imapirira kutentha mpaka -23 zaC. Zowona, tsopano chizindikiro sichidzadabwitsa aliyense: pali manambala owerengeka. Koma chenicheni chakuti m'malo ambiri chimangofunika malo okhala owerengera nthawi yachisanu ndi mwayi wosakayikira.
Kukaniza matenda a mphesa komanso tizirombo tina tambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana kumafotokozedwa ndi ambiri kuti ndi osiyana ndi ena: akuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumangoteteza chilengedwe, ndipo matenda omwe ali ndi oidium, imvi zowola kapena mphutsi ndi osowa kwambiri pa NiZin. Komabe, akatswiri amapereka lingaliro la kukana matenda a fungal a 3.5.
Pazifukwa zina, mavu, mavu ndi njuchi sakonda zosiyanasiyana. Palibe mitundu yambiri yomwe siyikhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ichi ndi mwayi wina wosakayika pamitundu ina yambiri.
Mphesa zimaphuka nthawi zonse: kuzungulira pakati pa Juni. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, kotero kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso kumakhala kwakukulu. Masango ake ndi okongola komanso akuluakulu. Ndipo ngati kulemera kwawo kwakukulu ndi 0,7 kg, milandu ya kukula kwawo mpaka 2 kg imafotokozedwa, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 3 kg. Kuchulukana kwa gulu ndi kwapakatikati, mawonekedwewo amayambira cylindrical m'chigawo chachikulu kupita ku cholumikizira pansipa. Monga lamulo, masango amamangidwa mwanjira yoti sangasokoneze kukula kwa wina ndi mnzake, mumlingo uliwonse mpaka 40 zipatso. Maguluwa amakhala ndi chiwonetsero chabwino, chonyamula ndipo ngati chosungidwa bwino, chitha kugona mpaka Chaka Chatsopano. Ikasungidwa, kukoma kwake kumakonzeka pang'ono.
Zipatso zazikulu mpaka zazikulupo: kukula pafupifupi 30 x 22 mm, kulemera kwakukulu 11 g. Mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira mpaka ozungulira.
Zosiyanazo zimasiyanikanso chifukwa chakuti zipatsozo zimasanduka zofiira kale nthawi isanayambike kubereka: pafupifupi milungu iwiri asanakolole, zikuwoneka kuti zakonzeka kale. Koma kenako mtunduwo umasintha pang'onopang'ono, umakhala wofiyira-vutoli, mpaka wautali kwambiri, wolimba kwambiri.
Dzuwa lowala, zipatsozo zimawoneka ngati zowonekera. Amadziwika kuti ndi amchere, owutsa kwambiri. Peel ndiyosatheka. Zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi 17-19%. Kukana kusweka. Acidity ndi 8-9 g / l. Chiwerengero cha mbewu ndi kuyambira 0 mpaka 3.
Makhalidwe a NiZina osiyanasiyana a mphesa
Popeza tidziwa bwino mphesa za NiZin, tiyesetsa kutipatsa chidwi. Inde, palibe mphesa popanda zolakwika, koma ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Nayi mfundo zazikulu:
- kusinthasintha kosiyanasiyana nyengo;
- kukula kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mphukira;
- kukana matenda a fungal ndi phylloxera;
- kukana chisanu;
- kukhwima koyambirira;
- maluwa awiri;
- kukhazikika ndi kukolola kwakukulu;
- kusowa kwa zowonongeka ndi zipatso zouluka;
- chiwonetsero chachikulu komanso kusunthika kwa ma batchi;
- kusowa kwa "nandolo" m'magulu;
- kulawa kwabwino komanso kununkhira bwino kwa zipatso.
Zoyipa zamitundu mitundu:
- kufunika kwa malo akulu oti ikamathere;
- kufunika kogawana mbewu: osadula mphukira zowonjezerapo ndikuchotsa maburashi, zipatso zake ndizochepa kwambiri;
- kusautsika kwa oidium muzilimwe zotentha;
- Kukoma kwa "chitumbuwa" ndi utoto wowala wa zipatso - "kwa aliyense."
Mwambiri, choti mphesa za NiZin ndizodziwika ndi umboni kuti uwu ndi wosakanizidwa wopambana kwambiri.
Zomwe zimabzala komanso kukulitsa mphesa zosiyanasiyana NiZina
Kuchokera pakuwona kubzala ndi kulima, NiZina ndiofesa wamba yophimba mphesa, chifukwa chake ukadaulo waulimi ulibe chilichonse chofunikira. Nizin imafalizidwa bwino ndi zodula, kuti mutha kudzilimitsa payokha kunyumba. Ngati muli ndi chitsamba chamtundu wamtundu wina kale, Dothi lothinjilalo limatha kumanikizidwa ndi chida mu chitsamba ichi: njira yolumikizira siili yosiyana ndi kumtengowo mitengo yazipatso.
Monga mitundu yonse ya mphesa, NiZina imakonda kumera m'malo otentha, otetezedwa ndi mphepo zamkuntho. Chifukwa chake, posankha malo oti mudzakhale, muyenera kusankha komwe kuli cholepheretsa mphepo: khoma la nyumbayo kapena mpanda wopanda pake. Zitsamba zazitali (lilac, jasmine, honeysuckle) zimatetezanso mphepo, komabe mbali yoyang'ana kum'mwera ndiyenera kutseguka.
Nizina amakonda dothi lopepuka, limayankha bwino ku chernozems, koma limatha kukula m'malo aliwonse pokhapokha potentha kwambiri. Sizitengera pafupipafupi komanso kuthirira kambiri, kupatula nthawi yogwira zipatso. Samakonda kuthirira kwamadzi: madzi oyambira pansi ayenera kukhala akutali kuposa 2,5 m kuchokera pansi.
Tsiku labwino kwambiri lotumiza kumapeto ambiri kumapeto kwa Epulo. Kummwera, mphesa zingabzalidwe mu Okutobala, koma kubzala ang'onoang'ono kwa dzinja kuyenera kuphimbidwa bwino. Njira yobzala siyosiyana ndi mitundu ina, koma mphamvu yayikulu yakukula iyenera kukumbukiridwa, kotero kuti mtunda kupita ku tchire loyandikana nawo kapena malo ena obzala ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 metres.
Popeza nthawi yophukira, chifukwa chakubzala kwa masika, ndikofunikira kukumba malo onse mozungulira chitsamba cham'tsogolo ndi feteleza (m'dera lodyeramo zakudya liyenera kukhala losachepera 5 m2) kudzaza dothi ndi zakudya zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Kudzala dzenje la kasupe kubzala kumayambanso mu kugwa. Dzenje la mitundu iyi limakumbidwa ndi kukula kwa masentimita 70-80 m'mitundu yonse. 20 cm ya ngalandeyi imayikidwa pansi, makamaka pankhani ya dothi: miyala, miyala, zidutswa za njerwa. Dothi losakanizika ndi feteleza (zidebe zingapo za kompositi kapena manyowa, theka la ndowa ya phulusa, theka la kilogalamu ya nitroammophoska) zimathiridwa pamadzi, ndipo pamwambapa pali wosanjikiza womwe ungalumikizane mwachidule mizu yaying'ono: nthaka yabwino, yopanda feteleza. Amabzala Nizin kwambiri, ndikusiya impso ziwiri zokha pansi.
M'madambo ouma, payipi yoyima ndiyenera kuyikamo dzenje lodzaliramo kuti kuthirira mbande mwachangu mu mzere wazaka zitatu. Mukabzala, muyenera kufalitsa mizu, kuphimba dothi, compact bwino ndi madzi. Kudula dothi mozungulira mmera ndikofunikira: kumathandiza kuti dothi lisamere ndipo limathandiza kuti udzu usakure.
Mu dzenje lakufikira, osati kokha ngalande zabwino, komanso chitoliro cha kuthirira kwotsatira
Mukukula, ndikofunikira kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi ndikudyetsa mphesa. Pakatha zaka 2-3 chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, zitsamba zopangidwira m'mphepete mwa thengo ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi zidebe ziwiri za kompositi, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, kutsanulira ndulu za phulusa la 1-2 lita, pang'onopang'ono ndikuzaza m'nthaka. Asanayambe maluwa ndipo atangotha kumapeto, kuvala kwapamwamba pamwambo ndi njira za feteleza zovuta kumakhala kothandiza (mwa kupopera mbewu masamba). Mukamadula zipatso, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yokha.
Ngati chisanu champhamvu chikuyembekezeka mu nthawi ya masika, mutha kuchedwetsa kutupa kwa impso kwa masabata awiri ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo, yomwe ingathandize polimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mphesa zimafunikira kudulira kwa chaka ndi chaka, pofuna kuchotsa mphukira zouma, komanso nthambi zina zowonjezera zomwe zimakulitsa chitsamba. Kututa, kudulira kumakhala zodzikongoletsera, ndipo kudulira kwakukulu kuyenera kuchitidwa musanabisalire tchire nthawi yachisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mu nthawi yonse yakukula, komabe ofooka, koma bwino mphukira zachinyamata ziyenera kusweka. Kuchita uku kumathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti pofika nthawi yophukira mitengo yofunikira yokha ndiyotsalira pachitsamba. Pazonse, Nizina amatha kusiya mphukira mpaka 22-25. Tsoka ilo, masango owonjezera nthawi zambiri amayenera kudulidwa, ngakhale momwe akuwonekera. Zothandizira zamphamvu ndizofunikira.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizosagwirizana ndi matenda, koma pofuna kupewa, ndikofunika kuchita kupopera mbewu iliyonse pachaka ndi njira zothetsera mafangayi. Mu Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Novembala, tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira. Zosiyanasiyana sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, sikofunikira kuti muziika mipesa ngakhale kumpoto. Zikhala zokwanira, popeza mutachotsa mphesa mu trellis, ndikuphimba ndi mitengo ya coniferous.
Ndemanga
Ngakhale ku Siberia, The Lowland imamera m'malo otetezeka, koma chowonadi sich chaka chilichonse chimadzuka bwino popanda malo okhala. Mu 2012 ndi mu 2015, adakhazikika bwino nyumba isanachitike. Chokoma, mabulosi akulu.
Nadezhda NV//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=573.0
Chaka chino ndimakonda kwambiri Nisina kwambiri chifukwa chopirira, chitsamba chili ndi zaka 4 za zipatso, bola chaka chino mu Epulo mudali chisanu ndi mphukira zonse zikuluzikulu ndipo munda wonse wamphesa udagunda mphukira m'malo mwa masamba chithandizo chimodzi mpaka Julayi, mpaka munda wonse wamphesa udadwala, Ridomil Gold adafafaniza penapake pa Julayi 5, kuthilira pansi pa chitsamba, osatulutsa umuna, adasiya masango 15-17 pachitsamba chilichonse, kutulutsa chilichonse, motsutsana ndi mbiri ya Viva Aiki ndi Blagovest katundu apambana.
"serg74"//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=573.0
Lero adadya burashi womaliza wa Lowland. Acid ndi shuga ndizabwino kwambiri, monga masabata angapo apitawo, anali acidic (yosemedwa pansi pamatcheri) pomwe anali okhathamira kwathunthu. Banja lidayamika kukoma ndi maonekedwe, koma osati zochuluka kwambiri. Komabe, chigamulochi chikhale pagulu langa. Pazinthu zofunika kutchera pang'ono, tchire zisanu.
"sanserg"//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=603
Kanema: Mphesa za NiZin pa thengo
Mitundu ya NiZina imapangidwa kuti izilimidwa m'minda yamphesa ambiri m'dziko lathu. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali yozizira komanso kuthana ndi matenda, imapereka zipatso zokoma kwambiri. Kusamalira mphesa ndizovuta.
