Mdziko lapansi limakula pafupifupi mitundu 120 ya mtengo wa mabulosi (mabulosi).
Mtengo uwu ndi wamba ku Japan, India, China ndi Central Asia, ndipo zipatso zake ndi masamba ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito mochiritsira chifukwa ali ndi mankhwala.
Mukudziwa? Nyongolotsi za Silkworm zimadyetsa masamba a mabulosi oyera.
Mtengo wa mabulosi ndi mtengo wosagonjetsedwa ndi ozizira, womwe umapanga chomera chopindulitsa kwambiri m'dera lililonse. M'nkhaniyi tidzakudziwitsani zinsinsi za kusamalira mabulosi, kukuphunzitsani kufalitsa mtengo wa mabulosi ndikukuuzani momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ake ndi tizirombo.Mitundu yonse ya mabulosi abwino odzala
Mabulosi amakula mamita oposa 10 msinkhu. Mtengo umodzi ukhoza kukhala ndi maluwa amtundu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, ngakhale pali mitengo yotere yomwe onse ali nayo nthawi yomweyo. Kwa kulima mabulosi pali njira ziwiri zoberekera: mbande ndi mbewu.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena kasupe, koma pazochitika zonse ziwirizi zimayambitsidwa ndi njira yapadera yomwe yapangidwira makamaka mbewu.
Ngati mwasankha kudzala mtengo wa mabulosi mu kugwa, ndibwino kuti muchite zimenezi mapeto a Oktoba. Pofuna kubzala m'chaka, muyenera kuyamba zilowetsedwe m'madzi ozizira (tsiku limodzi), ndi kuziika m'madzi otentha kwa maola 24.
Malo odzala ayenera kukhala dzuwa ndipo mutapeza malo oterewa m'dera lanu, zingatheke kuti mupitirize kukonza mizere ya mbewu. Grooves ndi madzi okwanira ndi feteleza chifukwa cha zipatso ndi zipatso za mabulosi.
Mbewuyi ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, ndi bwino kufesa kawirikawiri, kulowa mu nthaka ndi 3-5 masentimita. Pambuyo kufesa, tsanulirani mbeu zambiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito mulching, zomwe zingalepheretse nthaka kuuma. Ngati chodzala chikuchitika mu kugwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwonjezera mabedi.
Kukula bwino, mbande ya mabulosi amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza.
Pofika m'dzinja, posamalira bwino mbewu zimakhala zolimba komanso zazikulu. Ndiye iwo amakhala pansi kuti akhale ndi malo ochuluka a chitukuko. Mtunda pakati pa zomera ndi 3-5 mamita.
Mabulosi amayamba kubala zipatso 3-5 zaka mutabzala, makamaka zimadalira zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi makhalidwe a chisamaliro. Mzuzi wa mabulosi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kupirira nyengo yozizira kapena kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Mukhozanso kubzala mitengo ya mabulosi mothandizidwa ndi mbande. Mbewu zogula zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa chiwembu. Chombo chimakumbidwa pamalo ano, kenako chimbudzi chimaphatikizidwira.
Nthaka pa malo osankhidwa imakhala madzi ambiri ndi madzi osakanizidwa ndi feteleza kwa mbande za rooting. Ndiye chirichonse chimaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pa kuthirira kwotsatila, nthaka yozungulira nyemba imayendetsedwa.
Kuti mabulosi azikula bwino komanso osati zazikulu kwambiri, korona yake iyenera kudula ndi kupangidwa.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso za mabulosi amtundu wakuda zimakhala ndi shuga 12%, zidulo zakuthupi, pectic ndi potaziyamu.Mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi ndi "kupachika", yomwe imakula mpaka mamita 2.5 Mbewu izi zimakhala bwino kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba. M'chaka choyamba ayenera kudyetsedwa zovuta feteleza kamodzi pa mwezi.
Mu nyengo yowuma, nkofunika kuthirira maluwa nthawi zonse momwe zingathere, nthawi ndi nthawi kuchotsa namsongole. Mitengo yambiri ya mabulosi safunikira kupanga korona, yomwe imathandiza kuti mtengo usamalire, koma nthambi zouma zimafunikanso kuchotsedwa.
Mbali yosamalirira mabulosi
Mabulosi amadzichepetsa kuti asamalire, koma, panthaŵi ya kukula kwakukulu, imafuna zambiri kuthirira. Ntchito yofunikiranso yofunikira ndi feteleza wamamera, omwe amadzipukutira ndi madzi osungunuka kuchokera ku sulfur.
Mukudziwa? Mulberry amakhala zaka 200, kawirikawiri amakhala 300-500.Mu Julayi, kuvala pamwamba sikukusowa, ndipo kuthirira kumachitika pakagwa chilala. Nitrophoska ndiyo njira yabwino yodyetsera mabulosi m'chaka.
Dziko lozungulira mtengo wa mabulosi, muyenera kumasula namsongole nthawi zonse. Mabulosi amatha kukula mpaka mamita 35 mu msinkhu. Kuti mtengo wamtali usasokoneze munda wako, uyenera kudulidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chovala chokwera ndi nitrophoska chiyenera kuchitika panthawi yopuma. Ngati pali masamba ofooka pa mphukira, mu June ndikofunikira kuti muwadyetsenso ndi njira yothetsera.
Zimakhalanso kuti mabulosi samangobereka zipatso ndipo amaluwa ambiri sakudziwa chochita nawo. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti fruiting imadalira osati pamtengo wamtengo wa mabulosi, komanso pa "kugonana" kwake.Monga tanenera kale, mabulosi amatha kuphatikizidwa kamodzi kawiri, koma ngati mtengo wanu wamabulosi subala chipatso, ndiye wamwamuna.
Pamene nyengo yozizira ikuyandikira, muyenera kuganizira momwe mungaphimbe mabulosi m'nyengo yozizira komanso muteteze mtengowo. Izi zingatheke pothandizidwa ndi spunbond kapena mapazi a spruce. Ubwino wa njira yoyamba ndi chiyanjano, chikhalire ndi mtengo wotsika.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso za mabulosi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawonekedwe atsopano komanso zamzitini.Miyendo yowirira ndi masamba a birch ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pogona. Ngati mabulosi amaundana, mtengowo umabwerera mwamsanga m'chaka. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yomwe zipatso zoyamba zimayamba kucha kapena mtengo ukubala zipatso, amagwera chaka chachisanu mutabzala mabulosi. Iyi ndi nthawi yaitali, koma ikhoza kuchepetsedwa.
Kudulira ndi kupanga korona wamamera
Mitengo yokongola ya mabulosi ikhoza kupezeka mwa kudula nkhuni, zomwe ziri zotetezeka kwa mabulosi. Njirayi imayambira kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka pakati pa nyengo yozizira, panthawi yopuma.
Mitengo yakale imadulidwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, popeza kutaya kwa madzi kumatha panthawiyi. Ngati kudulira sikungapewe, pangani mabala ndi red red-poker. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, amachotsa nthambi zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka.
Kuti apange mtengo, tsinde lasiyidwa pa 1.0 mamita. Ndi kutalika kwake kuti phokoso lonse limatha, ndipo korona imapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mbale kapena tsache mpaka mamita 4 mu msinkhu.
Ndikofunikira! Ovomerezeka m'minda kuti apange korona wa mtengo wa mabulosi ndi bwino kuitana katswiri.
Kuti mtengo usakule msinkhu, fufuzani mphukira yapakatikati pa zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu za kutalika (ngati korona imapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a mbale).
Pomwe akupanga "tsache", amachitanso izi: osasankha mphukira yapakati, amatha kutchera msinkhu womwewo, pamene akusiya 3 mphukira zamphamvu.
Mabulosi angapangidwe mu mawonekedwe "akulira". Kuti tichite izi, kudula nthambi m'munsi ndi ofananira nawo masamba. Izi sizimapweteka zokongoletsera, koma zokolola zidzakhala zochepa.
Tsopano, pamene talingalira momwe tingakongoletse mtengo wanu wamabulosi, funso likubweranso - "Kodi ndikufunika kudulira mabulosi?" Yankho lathu ndilofunikadi.
Kudulira kumatsitsiranso mbewu, makamaka pamene akupera zipatso ndi kuchepetsa zokolola. Pankhaniyi, nthambi zimfupikitsidwa kutalika, kupukuta korona.
Dulani nthambi zakale kwambiri. Mphukira zosadziwika zomwe zimapangidwa pa thunthu zimachepetsedwa chaka choyamba ndipo zimachotsedwa pa yachiwiri.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku mtengo wa mabulosi ku Central Asia kupanga zipangizo zoimbira.Zipatso za Mabulosi zipse m'nyengo ya chilimwe.
Njira zonse zoberekera mabulosi kunyumba
Kuwonjezera mabulosi akhoza kukhala m'njira zingapo: mbewu, zobiriwira, zocheka, zodulidwa komanso zowonjezera pamwamba.
Mbewu
Njirayi ndi yophweka. Muyenera kutenga zipatso zobiriwira, zokometsera zosiyanasiyana, kuziika m'mbale ndi kubweretsa chidebecho pamalo amdima pamaso pa nayonso mphamvu. Ndiye mbeu ya mabulosi imatsukidwa bwino ndikukankhidwa ndi zipolopolo zopanda kanthu.
Mbewu imadutsa mumsampha wabwino mumtsuko wa madzi oyera kuti uwamasule ku zamkati. Kenaka njere zikhoza kuumitsidwa ndi kuzipangidwa mu thumba lasungirako m'malo ouma mpaka masika.
1.5 miyezi isanafike nthawi yobzala, mbeu zowonongeka ziyenera kuikidwa pa alumali pamwamba pa firiji. Izi zimachitika pofuna kukonzekera.
Mbewu ya mabulosi amafesedwa mu nthaka yachonde mu April kapena May mpaka 1 masentimita. Malowa amasankhidwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Kumera kwatsopano kumafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza.
Ndikofunikira! Osati kutsanulira mbewu. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, koma osati kwambiri.M'tsogolo, mphukira zimalimbikitsa pritenyat. Zomera zowonongeka zimaphatikizapo gawo la tsamba lachisanu, osati lakuda - kusiya mpaka zaka ziwiri pamalo omwewo.
Green cuttings
Kubzala kotere ndi koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'chilimwe. Mu June, cuttings amadulidwa kuchokera pakati gawo la thanzi mphukira ya chaka chino. Ayenera kukhala 2-3 masamba. Mapepala otsika amachotsedwa.
The cuttings obzalidwa kuti akuya masentimita 3 mu wowonjezera kutentha, pansi pa filimu yowala. Kutentha kwapamwamba kumalengedwa pansi pa izo, zomwe zingathandize cuttings kuti ikhale mizu mwamsanga ndi mwachangu.
Amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso nthawi zambiri mpweya wabwino, ndipo chovala choyamba chimachitika mwezi umodzi mutabzala, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza mchere. Pakuti rooting phesi imatenga mwezi.
Zidutswa zamadzimadzi
Kubereka kumachitika mu July cuttings ndi nkhuni zofiirira. Kukonzekera usanadzale ndi kusamalira pambuyo pake ndi chimodzimodzi ndi kubzala ndi zobiriwira za cuttings. Rooting cuttings ikuchitika 1.5 miyezi.
Lignified cuttings
Kwa mtundu uwu wobereketsa, gwiritsani ntchito mphukira zowonongeka za chomera chopatsa thanzi, chobala. Tenga iwo kunja kwa korona wowala.
Zogula katundu wa cuttings ikuchitika mu nthawi ya tsamba kugwa. Masamba pa cuttings amachotsedwa ndiyeno amachizidwa ndi muzu mapangidwe stimulator.
Pambuyo pake, zidutswazo zimabzalidwa pansi kuti gawo lawo likhale la masentimita 5 5. Kumalo amenewa amakula mpaka zaka ziwiri. Mbande zamphamvu zimabzalidwa m'malo osatha.
Kukozanitsa pamwamba
Ngati chirichonse chinali chophweka mu kuswana kwapita, ndiye kuti wamaluwa okhawo amadziwa momwe angabzala mabulosi.
Ndikofunikira! Ankalumikiza grafts mwamsanga mizu.Njira yophweka ndiyo kupopera. Muyenera kupanga mabala oblique pa makulidwe ofanana (6 masentimita pa awiri, masentimita 1) kuti mulowetse bwino zigawo za cambial. Zigawo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi nsalu yolimba yokhala ndi polyethylene.
Ndikofunikira! Peŵani kusalongosola molakwa, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kusokoneza.
Njira zothana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga mitengo ina ya zipatso, mabulosi nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Mavuto oipa, chisamaliro chosayenera, kusowa kwa feteleza mopitirira muyeso kumayambitsa matenda akulu a mtengo wa mabulosi. Izi ndi makamaka matenda a tizilombo, fungal ndi mabakiteriya.
Kawirikawiri, mabulosi amatha kukhala ndi powdery mildew, tsamba lofiirira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo tochepa.
Mame a Mealy Chifukwa cha bowa ndi infects mabulosi. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chachikulu - maluwa oyera a mealy. Bowa amajambula masamba ndi mphukira. Maonekedwe a powdery mildew amachitidwa ndi madzi kapena kukulitsa kwa kubzala mitengo.
Pa zizindikiro zoyambirira za powdery mildew, mabulosi sprayed ndi systemic fungicide. Kupewa kwatsiku ndi kusonkhanitsa masamba.
Tsilindrosporioz (bulauni malo)imayambanso ndi bowa. Mawanga ofiira amaoneka pamasamba, ndipo ali ndi tizilombo tolimba, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono pomwepo. Masamba pang'onopang'ono amatembenukira chikasu.
Njira yolimbana ndi yosavuta. Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyaka masamba osagwa. Kuti muteteze mungathe Pangani zomera ndi Silit yankho. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo asanayambe kuphuka masamba.
Bacteriosis amakhudza achinyamata mabulosi mphukira. Mawanga a mawonekedwe osasinthika amawoneka pa iwo, omwe potsiriza amatembenuka wakuda. Kuwonongeka masamba zowola pakhosi ndi pang'onopang'ono kugwa. Pa mphukira kuoneka bulauni mawanga a elongated mawonekedwe. Zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mphukira.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito Fitoflavin kapena Hamair.
Kupyolera kuchepetsa mabulosi zokolola. Izi ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo tomwe tizilombo timafalikira. Minofu yosakaniza pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba. Masambawa amamangidwa, ndipo kukula kwa mphukira kumasintha: chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka, koma amakhala ofooka kwambiri. Masamba amataya mtundu wawo ndi kuswa. Chithandizo, mwatsoka, palibe.
Kukolola kwa mabulosi kungachepe chifukwa cha tizirombo. Alendo osaitanidwa kawirikawiri ndi gulugufe loyera la ku America, kangaude wa kangaude, ndi nyongolotsi ya Comstock.
Gogufegu waku White America Amaika mazira pa masamba a mabulosi. Chisacho chimapangidwa ndi zibwebwe, mkati mwake - mphutsi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mbozi imadya masamba, zomwe ndizokwanira. 
Kulimbana ndi vutoli ndi losavuta: muyenera kupeza zisa ndi mphutsi ndi kuziwotcha. Nkhumba zimawononga mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, chlorophos).
Kangaude mite akhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi mphutsi pamwamba pa pepala. Mite amadyetsa zakudya zamtengo kudzera m'masamba, omwe amayamba kuchepa.
Pa nyengo yokula m'pofunikira kuononga namsongole padziko lonse lapansi, kumasula nthaka. Ndiye muyenera kupopera chikhalidwe thiophos yankho.
Comstock Cape Zimakhazikika pa nthambi ndi masamba a mabulosi, kuyamwa madzi kuchokera mumtengo wamabulosi. Izi zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chomera chitetezo. Mungathe kuwononga tizilombo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala powapopera mankhwala.
Tikukhulupirira mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi muli ndi mafunso ochepa ndipo mukhoza kukula mulberries wathanzi m'munda wanu. Ndikumusamalira bwino, adzakondwera nawe ndi zokolola zambiri komanso zokongoletsera.
