Amene akufuna kukulira kunyumba kapena kumunda amphesa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri kuti apeze zosiyana siyana.
Ndipo amachitira izi chifukwa: ndi bwino kukhala masiku angapo akufufuza malo a intaneti kusiyana ndi kubzala chitsamba choyamba ndipo patatha zaka pang'ono ndikusiya.
Pansipa tikufuna kukudziwitseni mwatsatanetsatane ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yodalitsika ndi yobala zipatso, yomwe ili yabwino kuti ikule pakhomo la nyumba - Veles mphesa.
Kuwonjezera pa mabuku akuluakulu a zokolola, zomwe zingatheke ndi chitsamba chimodzi, mphesa zokhala ndi maonekedwe okongola ndi kukoma.
Kuti tipeze zolinga, tidzanena za zolephera zake.
Kodi n'chiyani chingasangalatse Velez, mphesa za mulungu wobereka?
Mitundu ya mphesa imeneyi sichabechabe dzina lotchedwa mulungu wa Aslavic yemwe anali ndi udindo wobala. Mphesa za Veles zimakhala zowonjezera, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri mitundu ya makolo: "Sofia" ndi "Rusbola".
Chifukwa cha kuwoloka mitundu iyi ndi wobadwa Zagorulko, yemwe ali ndi viticulture, ndipo chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino, mphesa yabwino yosatha inabadwa. Masiku ano zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa ku Ukraine, kum'mwera kwa Belarus, komanso ku Central ndi Kummwera zigawo za Russia.
Kuwonekera ndi kukula kwa mphesa ya mphesa "Veles"
Kulemera kwake ndi kukula kwake kwa masango ambiri, omwe amatha kuphuka pa mitundu ya mpesa ya "Veles", imatha kukhala ndi yaikulu ndi yayikuru kwambiri. Makamaka masango ambiri panthawi ya kukhwima yowonongeka amatha kufika pamtunda woposa 3 kilogalamu, ndipo masango ang'onoang'ono amachepera 0,6 kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa gululi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 18, ndipo m'lifupi mukhoza kukhala 13.
Zipatso za muluwu zimakhalanso ndi maonekedwe okongola. Iwo amayeza pafupifupi 4-5 magalamu, amasiyana ndi pinki khungu ndi mandala amber zamkati. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa zamkati, kumene mbewu siziripo kapena sizikumveka bwino, zipatso za Veles mphesa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Khungu la zipatso za mphesa ndi zoonda, komanso chakudya sichinamve. Pamene adya, palibe fungo la muscat.
Kukolola kwa mphesa "Veles": ndi chiyani chomwe chingasangalatse zosiyanasiyana
Kusamvetsetsa zokolola zabwino za mitundu iyi ya mphesa sizingatheke. Chifukwa cha shrub yamphamvu ndi kukwanitsa kukolola pansikovy, pafupifupi 4-6 kilogalamu ya mphesa imachokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. Koma, mosamala, mawu ake akhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri. Chinthu chofunikira ndi kukhazikika kwa mbeu, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wa chitsamba.
Ndikoyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mitunduyi ili ndi nthawi yochepa yokolola mbewu. Nyengo yokula ya chitsamba cha mphesa imatha masiku 95-100 okha. Ndi kuyatsa bwino kwa chitsamba ndi nyengo yabwino, kukolola kotheka kumayambiriro kwa August. Ndi chifukwa chake mitunduyi ndi yabwino kwa nyengo ya ku Central Russia ndi dera la Moscow, popeza ili ndi nthawi yokhwima musanayambe nyengo yozizira.
Ngati pamapangidwe, omwe amapangidwira kwambiri pamtunda, mbeu imapangidwanso kuti mwasankha kuti musachotsepo, ndiye kuti nkutheka kuti muchotsere pofika mu October. Mwachibadwa, nyengo yabwino ya Central ndi Southern Southern Ukraine idzakhala yofunikira kwa ukalamba wake.
Ubwino wa "Veles": Kodi mungadzitamande bwanji mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa?
• Zipatso zazikulu za zipatso zapamwamba ndi zonse.
• Kubzala koyamba kwa mbewu.
• Ndi nyengo yolimba komanso youma, mphesa ndi masango amatha kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino ndi kukoma kwa nthawi yaitali (pafupifupi miyezi 1.5). Zipatso sizikutha paokha.
• Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masamba a mphesa Veles, mbewu popanda kuwonongeka imakhala nthawi yaitali yobwerera.
• Mphesa siidapweteke pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa pansi pa -21 ° C, komabe, mbewuyi imafuna malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira. Maso aakulu akhoza kuonongeka kwambiri.
• Kukhalapo kwa maluwa akugonana kumachepetsa mbali za kukonzekera ndi kubzala zosiyana.
• Mphesa zimakhala zotsutsana ndi matenda omwe amabwera m'minda yamphesa: powdery mildew ndi oidium.
Kodi chingakhumudwitse mphesa "Veles": zolephera za zosiyanasiyana
Mwamwayi, koma zokolola zabwino kwambiri zofotokozedwa zosiyanasiyana zingakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi nyengo yoipa, makamaka ndi mvula yambiri ndi mvula yambiri. Pankhaniyi, zipatsozo zimawopsya. Pansi pa nyengo yofanana, nkofunikira kukolola mbewu panthawi yake ndikusunga muzipinda zouma.
Zowononga zikuphatikizapo mfundo yakuti Veles zosiyanasiyana ndizochepa ndipo sizinaphunzire mokwanira panobe. Choncho, malinga ndi kukula kwa nyengo ndi nyengo, zikhoza kusonyeza makhalidwe ena abwino. Izi ndizowona makamaka pakukaniza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Choncho, kuti musatayike kukolola mphesa, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tizitha kutulutsa chitsamba ndi zokonzekera zapadera.
Chofunika kwambiri chodzala mphesa za Veles: zofunikira ndi malangizo
Kuswana makhalidwe a mphesa "Veles"
Pakuti zosiyanasiyanazi zikhoza kuthekera pafupifupi mitundu yonse yobzala mphesa, kupatula kubzala mbewu. Ndi bwino kugula mbande za m'kalasiyi muzipinda zapadera, zomwe zingathe kukulirakulira pamzu wawo kapena kuphatikizidwa ku zitsamba zina.
Mukhoza kupanga zitsamba zokolola zokha kuchokera ku chitsamba cha mphesa, kuziwombera m'nthaka ndikubzala, kapena kubzala mu sitolo yakale. Mtengo wa shrub wamkulu sungadalire njira yobzala, pokhapokha ngati akuphatikizidwa pa katundu wakale, shrub ikhoza kukula mofulumira ndi kuyamba kubala chipatso.
Kuphika kwa masika ndi kumayambiriro kwa mphesa "Veles": zopindulitsa ndi zachipongwe
Funso la nthawi yoyenera kubzala mphesa ndi lovuta kwambiri. Inde, mulimonsemo, pali kuphatikiza konse ndi zolephera.
Nthawi yamasika imakhala yabwino koposa kubzala mbande ndi kusinthanitsa. Ndipotu, nyengo yowonjezera ndi nyengo yonse ikukula, pomwe chitsamba chatsopano chidzakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndikukula mwamphamvu kuti chikhalebe m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba. Komanso, Mphesa ya Veles yomwe idabzala masika kale nyengo yachiwiri yolima ikhoza kusangalatsanso ndi mbeu yoyamba ndi mbewu.
Komabe, kumapeto kwa nyengo zimakhala zovuta kuti mupeze sapling ndi zochepetseka zomwe zimapangidwira. Pamene kumera kwa kasupe kuli kofunikira kwambiri kuti tisamazindikire nthawi yoyendetsera: imatha kutambasula kuyambira masiku otsiriza a March mpaka masiku otsiriza a May. Mukamabzala oyambirira, nkofunika kuti mukhale ndi sapling.
Kudyetsa kwadzinja ndibwino chifukwa panthawi ino simungapeze uchi wambiri wa mbande, makamaka, "Veles" zosiyanasiyana, komanso imayenera kugwira ntchito yochepa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti vuto lina la masika ndilo nthaka youma, yomwe imafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza. M'dzinja, zimakhala zokwanira kuti mumwe mphesa zokhazokha, kuziphimba ndi kuziiwala zazing'onoting'ono musanayambe kutentha kwa kasupe.
Ndipotu, zotsatira za kubzala zidzakhala zofanana ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo, chifukwa nyengo yozizira, sapling sichikulira, imangosungidwa m'nthaka. Koma ndi "kusungirako" kotereku kuwonongeka kwa mmera ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kwa nthaka ndipamwamba kwambiri. Komanso, ngati kuli koyipa kuphimba, chinyezi chonse chingatuluke mu sapling ndi chisanu, chomwe chingachepetse kusintha kwake.
Malo oti mubzala mphesa: kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za "Veles"?
Mitundu yonse ya mphesa imakhala ndi chidaliro cholimba pa kuunika kwabwino ndi malo osangalatsa. Kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha ndizofunikira kuti zipse mwamsanga, komanso kusakhala kozizira kozizira - kuteteza inflorescences.
Nthaka mphesa "Veles" imakonda chonde, ndi mphamvu yabwino yopitilira chinyezi. Nthaka yambiri yamvula yambiri imakhala yosagwirizana ndi mitunduyi, chifukwa idzapangitsa kuti zipatso zowonongeka. Ndi bwino kusankha dothi lakuda kapena kubweretsa nthaka zowoneka bwino, powonjezerapo feteleza, ndikupanga ngalande. Komanso, ndikofunikira kusankha malo omwe madzi osapitirira mamita 1.5 ngakhale mvula yamkuntho.
Mukamabzala mitengo yambiri, ndiyeneranso kulingalira mtunda woyenera pakati pawo: ndikuyenda bwino ndi mamita 1-1.5.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu zosiyanasiyanazi chitsamba chiri ndi kukula kwakukulu, komwe kumasowa malo ambiri. Ngati tchire kabzalidwa kwambiri, akhoza kuthunzi. Mphesa nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa pafupi ndi makoma a nyumba, ndipo pakakhala kofunikira kuchoka mnyumbamo ndi mamita 0.7 kuti maziko asasokoneze chitukuko cha chitsamba.
Kubzala mphesa mphesa "Veles": dongosolo la ntchitoyi
Musanadzalemo ndikofunikira kusankha sapling palokha. Mbeu yathanzi ndi yosalala imakhala ndi mizu yoyera komanso yobiriwira. Zomera zapakati zimakula pamzuzu wawo, zimakhala zobiriwira ndi masamba. Musanadzalemo, mizu ya mmera iyenera kuthiridwa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri, komanso imathandizidwa ndi yankho lomwe lingathe kulimbitsa mizu. Yankho lotero lingapangidwe pa maziko a mankhwala "Humate", omwe mavitamini 1 madzi okwanira sayenera kupitirira 10 madontho.
Pitani kukonzekera ndipo kubzala kwa mmera palokha kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri:
• Ndibwino kuti mukonzeke dzenje mofulumira kuposa momwe mukukhalira. Pofuna kubzala zipatso za mphesa, izi ziyenera kuchitika mu kugwa kuti dothi likhoza kufota bwino. Pamene kasupe kubzala dzenje kukumba masabata awiri. Kuwonjezera pa dzenje, ndikofunikira kukonzekera malo pasadakhale: kukumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
• Kuzama ndi m'katikati mwa dzenje ayenera kukhala osachepera 0,8 mamita. Izi zidzaika pansi feteleza pamwamba pake: humus ndi feteleza feteleza wothira nthaka. Pomwe wadzaza chisakanizo ichi pansi pa dzenje, ndikofunikira kuti muphimbe nthaka yosavuta, yomwe idzapangitsa kuti zisatenthe mizu ya mbeuyo mutabzala.
• Minga imayikidwa m'dzenje mozama kuti mzere wake ukhale pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati dzenje liri latsopano, mukhoza kulikwezera pamwamba pa nthaka ngakhale masentimita asanu. Kuika mzere wa mphesa ayenera kukhala mosamala komanso pang'onopang'ono, kuyesera kuti asawononge mizu, koma musasiye mitsuko ya mpweya pafupi ndi mizu yake. Choncho, pofukula dzenje, ndibwino kuti muzitsanulira mu chidebe cha madzi ndikutsitsirani ndondomekoyi.
• Mutabzala mphesa imathiridwa ndi ndowa zina ziwiri (malingana ndi chinyezi cha dothi) ndikuzembera nthaka kuzungulira.
• Pamene dothi liri lotayirira, nkofunika kuyendetsa chitsimikizo cholimba pafupi ndi kupopera. Idzakuthandizani kutsogola kukula kwa mpesa momwe mukufunira.
Momwe mungamerezere mphesa "Veles" pachigamba chakale?
Kuti mukhale ndi kusindikiza kwa mphesa zabwino, muyenera kusankha phesi yabwino ndi katundu wabwino. Phesi imakololedwa kuchokera ku mpesa wa Veles ndipo iyenera kuyengedwa (njirayi ikukuthandizani kusunga chinyezi mmenemo kwa nthawi yayitali). Gawo lochepa la kudula liyenera kudulidwa ndi mphete, yomwe imakhala ngati maziko a mizu yake yabwino. Komanso, gawo lodulidwa limasungidwa mumadzi ndi njira yothetsera miyeso musanagwiritse ntchito.
Mukakulungidwa bwino mutachotsa chitsamba ndi kugawanika kale, phesi liyikidwa mu gawo lokhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, katunduyo amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu ndi chingwe kapena nsalu. Ngati katunduyo ali wochuluka - kudula kokwanira kungapangidwe mmenemo. Kuteteza chinyezi mu katundu ndi cuttings, zimalimbikitsa kubisa inoculation site ndi yonyowa dongo ndi kuphimba.
Mwachidule za zochitika za kusamalira mphesa "Veles"
Pofuna kukula kwa chitsamba ndi mapangidwe, mphesa zimafuna chinyezi. Sikoyenera kuthirira mchenga nthawi zambiri, chifukwa uli ndi mizu yolimba ndipo imatha "kuchotsa" chinyezi panthaka yokha. Komabe, pazinthu zowonjezera zowonjezereka zotsitsila kuthirira ndikofunikira kuchita zotsatirazi:
• Pa nthawi yoyamba ikuphulika pa mpesa
• Musanayambe maluwa
• Pa nthawi yopanga mphesa pa nandolo.
Kuti ulimi wothirira ukhale wogwira mtima, amachitanso chinthu china chofunika kwambiri: amathira nthaka mozungulira mpesa. Kuwonjezera pa kusungira chinyezi kutuluka mumphuno, mulch amatinso ngati feteleza abwino kwambiri. Chowonadi n'chakuti mulch wabwino kwambiri ndi wosakanizidwa komanso wosauka, wamatabwa, nkhalango ndi humus, zomwe m'kupita kwa nthawi zimawonongeka ndi kudzaza nthaka ndi mphesa zabwino.
Ndi bwino kupanga makina a mulch pafupifupi masentimita atatu kuti izilepheretsa kulowa mumlengalenga.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za m'dzinja prodkormku mphesa
Koma, mulch sungakwanitse kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za chitsamba cha mphesa kuti chikongoletsedwe pamwamba, choncho, nthaŵi ndi nthawi humus, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ayenera kuwonjezedwa ku nthaka kukumba kapena ngati yankho. Ndi bwino kuganizira kuti kumwa feteleza mopitirira muyeso kungawononge mphesa, kotero ndikofunika kuti musapitirire.
Asanayambe nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, chitsamba cha mphesa chimadulidwa. Kudulira sikungokulolani kuti mupange mawonekedwe abwino a chitsamba, koma ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbeu ikhale yabwino. Pakuti chitsamba cha mphesa "Veles" molondola kuchotsa pafupifupi 6-8 mabowo. Siyani zoposa 4 manja. Ndi mwayi wowawa kwambiri, kuchepetsani mpesa kungakhale wamphamvu. Ndiponso, mbali zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka za mpesa, zomwe zimachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi kutenthedwa.
Tanena kale kuti izi zimakhala zosavuta m'nyengo yozizira. Ndili ndi mapepala aang'ono okha, ndi kosavuta kuchita ntchitoyi: mungagwiritse ntchito valavu ya pulasitiki pansi kapena chophimba china chachikulu popanda pansi. Imakhala pamwamba pa nyemba ndipo imaphimbidwa ndi nthaka mpaka masika. Zitsamba zazikulu ndi zazikulu zimadzazidwa ndi filimu, zomwe zimakhala ngati chingwe. Ndiponso, chifukwa chachisanu cha shtamb baka monga mulch wochuluka.
Kuchokera ku kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda a fungal kuteteza chitsamba cha mphesa kulola kupopera kwapadera, komwe kumachitika prophylactically chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri kupopera mankhwala ayenera kukhala osachepera katatu pachaka (kungathe kuchitidwa panthawi yomweyo). Herbicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koma ndibwino kwambiri kusankha mankhwalawa makamaka omwe amachititsa kulimbana nawo kwambiri.
