Amaluwa ambiri amalima eggplants pa ziwembu zawo - chikhalidwe chawo chokhazikika ndipo amafunikira kusamalidwa komanso kusamala. Pankhaniyi, amayenera kuthana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a eggplants. Monga mukudziwira, chithandizo chabwino cha matendawa - kuteteza kwake. Koma ngati zidachitika kuti sizingatheke kuteteza matendawa, munthu ayenera kudziwa zotsatira zake ndi momwe angachitire ndi iwo. Ndi za matenda a eggplants ndi mankhwala omwe adzakambidwe m'nkhani ino ndi zithunzi zooneka bwino.
Thandizo la mwendo wakuda
Chifukwa cha kuyimitsa kwa khosi la mzuzi wa biringanya ndipo, motero, kumdima kwake ndi bowa. Mphukira imvi imapangidwa m'madera awa. Ngati matendawa akupitiliza kukula, chikhalidwecho chidzachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati bowa lidzayamba ku mizu, mbewuyo idzauma palimodzi.
Msolo wakuda umapereka zizindikiro zoyambirira pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa mphukira. Mavuto abwino pa chitukuko cha matenda - msinkhu wa chinyezi.
Pofuna kupewa matendawa, muyenera kuchita chithandizo zolakwika. Ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, mwinamwake kuti tisalole kutentha kwa nthaka, makamaka kutentha kwa mpweya.
Mukhozanso kusungunula nthaka ndi njira ya bleach musanadzalemo, koma njirayi imavomerezeka pakapita nthawi pamene eggplant imakula mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Ngati chomera chikudwala, chingachiritsidwe ndi Trichodermin. Zikakhala kuti zotsatira zake sizitsatiridwa, m'pofunika kuchotsa mphukira za m'munda kuti zisawononge matenda ozungulira, dothi liyenera kuuma, kumasulidwa ndi kuwaza phulusa.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa ndi abwenzi abwino kwambiri olemera. Mbewu imeneyi ili ndi 28 kcal zokha, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaphikidwe osiyanasiyana a zakudya. Kuonjezerapo, mazira a eggplant ali olemera kwambiri, ndipo amatha kusintha kagayidwe kake kamene kamayambitsa matenda.
Black bacterial spotting
Dothi lakuda pa eggplants limadziwonetsera mu nthaka yotseguka ndi yotseka. Mmodzi wodwala matendawa ndi mabakiteriya. Kuwonongeka n'kotheka nthawi yonse yokula. Dziwonetseratu:
- pa masamba - madontho aang'ono a mtundu wakuda ndi chikasu chachikasu;
- mawanga owoneka ngati maonekedwe a mnofu pa zimayambira;
- pa zipatso, choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito zigawo zing'onozing'ono zamphepete mwa madzi, zomwe pamapeto pake ziwonjezeke mpaka masentimita 7-8 ndikupanga zilonda zam'mimba.
Ndikofunikira! Mabakiteriya, omwe ndi othandizira osowa, amadzakhala mu mbewu za eggplants komanso mu zotsalira.
Chomera chimene chinakhudzidwa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chake, nthawi zambiri amafa. Ngati atha kupulumuka, pamapeto pake, munthu sayenera kuyembekezera zipatso zabwino ndi zokolola zabwino.
Matendawa amayamba kwambiri kutentha kwa 25-30 ° C, komanso pamtambo wambiri. Mabakiteriya amalowa chipatso kupyolera mwa kuwonongeka kowonongeka, ndi m'masamba kudzera mu stomata.
Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi matendawa? Choyamba muyenera kutsatira kusinthasintha kwa mbewu. Mukatha kukolola, onetsetsani kuti mukuwononga zonse zatsamba. Ngati simugula zinthu zakutchire, koma zikhale nokha, sungani mbewu zokha kuchokera ku zomera zathanzi. Kuonjezera apo, mbeu isanafesedwe asanayambe kufesa.
Ndikofunikira! Zikakhala kuti matendawa amadziwika pa nyengo ziwiri, m'pofunikira kusinthira nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, kapena kuti athetse bwinobwino dothi.
Njira zothandiza kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda ochedwa
Nthenda ina ya eggplants ya fungal inachokera. Amadziwonetsera yekha ku zipatso, zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera.
Pa masamba amaoneka ngati mabala ofiira ofanana ndi dzimbiri, ndi kuwala kobiriwira kokongola. Mu nyengo yamvula mkati mwa masamba mungapeze pachimake choyera.
Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti zomera zisavute, nyengo youma - kuyanika. Kutentha kwa m'mawa, nthawi yoziziritsa kwa nthawi yaitali, madontho a kutentha akhoza kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa matendawa.
Pochiza chomera, n'zotheka kuchiza bedi ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa sulphate (0.2%), kapena kukonzekera kwina kumene kuli mkuwa. Ndi bwino kutulutsa madzulo, chifukwa patsikulo yankho lidzasuntha mwamsanga, osakhala ndi nthawi yochita, ndipo m'mawa akhoza kusakanikirana ndi mame, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake.
Popeza kuti matendawa amatha kudziwonetsera okha panthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko, musagwire mankhwala, ngati atha kale kupanga zipatso. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengeka.
Odziwika kwambiri ndi adyo kulowetsedwa. Konzani kuchokera ku 1 chikho cha adyo wodulidwa ndi 3 malita a madzi. Muyenera kulimbikitsa kusakaniza kwa masiku khumi, kenako pukutsani madzi (1: 1) ndi kupopera mbewu ndi botolo lopopera. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri ndipo, yofunikira, yokonda zachilengedwe.
Tomato, tsabola, anyezi, strawberries, zukini, nkhaka, savoy kabichi, ndi mavwende amakula komanso kumera.
Monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo angathenso kupanga phulusa la nkhuni, zomwe muyenera kuziwaza mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa.
Vuto loyera
Vuto loyera - matenda a fungal. Dzina lachiwiri ndi sclerotinia. Choyamba, mizu ya biringanya imakhudzidwa, ndiyeno matendawa amafalikira ku zimayambira ndi zipatso.
Chigoba choyera chimawonekera pa zomwe zimayambira, ndipo zimakhazikika mkati mwake, zomwe zimakhala zochepetsetsa, chifukwa zimasokoneza njira za zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku mizu. Chomera chimayamba kufota, chouma. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhala madzi komanso zofewa, zimakhalanso zokhala zoyera.
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amadziwika pa siteji kubzala mbande pansi, makamaka bwino kwambiri pa kutsika kwa kutentha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kukhalabe nthawi yaitali m'nthaka.
Lamulo lofunikira lomwe lidzathandiza kupewa kupezeka kwa zovunda zoyera - musalole kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa pansi pa mazira. Muyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse mbali zomwe zimakhudza (masamba, zimayambira kapena zipatso). Chikhalidwe chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha, malo omwe amakhudzidwa akhoza kuwaza nkhuni phulusa.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi vitamini PP - nicotinic asidi. Zomerazi zimalangizidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe akufuna kusiya kusuta fodya, chifukwa ndisavuta kuti thupi likhale ndi njala chifukwa cha chinthu ichi.
Momwe mungachitire ma eggplants pa zithunzi
Imodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a biringanya ndi mankhwala - matenda a tizilombo omwe angathe kuwononga pafupifupi 15% ya mbeu yonse mu nyengo. Ngati masamba kapena zipatso zimakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti kudziwika kwa matendawa kuli kosavuta.
Mawanga akuwoneka pamasamba (nthawi zina, mosiyana, mdima wandiweyani), mawanga achikasu amapezeka pa zipatso. Ngati pokhapokha mizu ya mbewuyo inakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ziwoneke mosavuta, chifukwa palibe zizindikiro zowonekera pakali pano.
Matendawa amafala kuchokera ku zokolola zomwe zimakhudzidwa, koma zimachitika chifukwa chake chimakhalapo nthaka yodwala. Chomera chimakhudzidwa nthawi yomwe chimawonongeka pang'ono. Awa ndiwo magawo a kubzala, kunyamula, ndi zina zotero.
Pofuna kupewa matendawa, mutha kubzala mbande musanadzalemo 20% a hydrochloric acid kwa mphindi makumi atatu, kenako chotsani chiyenera kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi.
Mabokosi a mbande ndi zowerengera zonse akulimbikitsidwa kuti asatetezedwe motetezedwa, zomera zomwe ziri ndi zizindikiro za maonekedwe ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mkaka wosakanizidwa, womwe umadzipukutira ndi madzi ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Kukula mbande, muyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse zomera, kufufuza ndi kuchotsa mbande.
Ŵerenganiponso za kulima masamba ena: mbatata, okra, sikwashi, nyemba zobiriwira, kaloti, adyo, lagenarii.
Chithandizo cha Stolbur
Matenda a phytoplasmic a stolbur nthawi zambiri amakhudza eggplants obzalidwa pa kamandipo osati mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zonyamulira za stolbur ndi cicadas. Masamba a chomeracho amakhala ofiira-ofiira, okonzeka, zimayambira kuyamba kuphulika ndiyeno kuswa mosavuta, maluwawo amakhala opunduka, owuma ndi kugwa.
Mitengo ya biringanya yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa siilipo, kotero muyenera kuthana ndi matendawa. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muziyeretsa bedi la namsongole, makamaka kumangidwa.
Zimalimbikitsidwanso kukonzanso kubzala ndi Actellic, mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa chiwerengero cha odwala matendawa. Malangizo ena ofunika kwa wamaluwa adzakhala asanayambe kufesa mankhwala otentha.
Monga momwe mukuonera, kukula kwa eggplants kudzakumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a zomera izi, koma ndi mfundo zoyenera komanso zowona zokhudzana nazo, mukhoza kuthandiza kwambiri kusamalira mbewuzo komanso kufulumira chitukuko chake. Eggplants amafunika kusamala mosamala, koma mobwerezabwereza iwo adzathokoza woyang'anira mundayo ndi zokolola zabwino ndi zapamwamba.
