Zipatso zabwino za peyala zimabweretsa kumverera kofulumira ndipo zimakondwera ndi zokoma zawo ndipo zimatulutsa fungo lokoma.
Mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri ndi mapeyala osiyanasiyana "Nika", zambiri zomwe tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera mitundu ya peyala "Nika"
Kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo "Nick", ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wokhawokha - pafupifupi. Korona wa mtengo uli wozungulira ndi osawerengeka, osasunthika bwino nthambi. Mphukira ya mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi bulauni ndi mtundu wosalala. Siyani mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, wosalala ndi kunyezimira.
Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu kukula, kulemera kwa chipatso cha Nika peyala kumafikira 200 g. Chipatsocho ndi thunthu lopangidwa mozungulira. Khungu la chipatsocho ndi laling'onoting'ono, lokhala losalala komanso lowala, lomwe limaperekedwa ndi chophimba.
Mtundu wa chipatso umasiyana ndi kukula kwake: mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya kukhwima kokwanira, mtundu uli wofiira ndi wobiriwira; Panthawi yogula - chofiira chachikasu ndi chofiira kwambiri ndi brownish tinge.
Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi tsinde lalifupi lopangidwa ndi mphuno lomwe liri mu pulasitiki yaing'ono yopapatiza. Mnofu ndi wabwino kwambiri, wowutsa mudyo, osati wa granulated, ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana "Nika":
- chiwerengero cha shuga - 10.2%;
- Vitamini P - 122 mg / 100 g;
- Vitamini C - 6.2 mg / 100 g;
- Zinthu zowuma - 15.7%;
- titengera zidulo - 0,40%.
Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mitundu
Imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola zokhala ndi zowonjezera za peyala "Nika". Zipatso zoyambirira pamtengo zimawoneka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mutabzala.
Ntchito yosatsutsika ya peyala ya Nika ndipamwamba kwambiri pamtengowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokongola m'madera onse a dzikoli. Chofunika chofunika pa kulima mtengo wa zipatso uwu ndi kuyenda bwino kwa peyala ya Nick.
Mukudziwa? Mapereyala a "Nika" amabwezeretsedwa ngakhale pambuyo pa chisanu mpaka -38 ° C, ndipo kuwonongeka ndizogawo zokwana 0.6 zokha.
Chinthu china chabwino cha Nika peyala ndi mtundu wake wabwino wotsutsa, komanso mchere wokoma kwambiri.
Zoipa za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zoyenera pakati pawo, kubereka kwapadera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kufunika kokhala kudulira nthawi zonse, komanso kuchepa kwa chipatso cha Nika peyala.
Momwe mungasankhire mmera pamene mugula
Nthaŵi zambiri timagula mitengo ya zipatso m'masitolo kapena m'misika yamaluwa. Kuti mbeu ya peyala "Nika" ikhale mizu bwino, m'pofunikira kuisankha bwino.
Chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsera ndi maonekedwe a mmera: ziyenera kukhala zoyera ndipo musakhale ndi zizindikiro zowuma kapena zowona.
Ndikofunikira! Cholembera chiyenera kuikidwa pa mbeu iliyonse ndi chidziwitso chokhudza zoweta, zosiyana, zoweta ndi kufotokoza za malo abwino olima; Ngati palibe chizindikiro choterocho, ndi bwino kukana kugula sapling: mwinamwake, ndi khalidwe losauka.
Mmera wabwino uli ndi mizu isanu ndi iwiri ndi itatu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Mizu ya mmera imakhala yoyera, yoyera, yopanda kukula, mawanga ndi zizindikiro zowola. Ndi bwino kugula mbande zomwe sizinapitirire zaka ziwiri, ndi zophweka kupeza izi: iwo sanakhazikitse korona.
Momwe mungasankhire ndi kukonzekera malo a peyala
Mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola za peyala zimadalira makamaka pa kusunga malamulo a agrotechnology a pear zosiyanasiyana "Nika". Malamulowa amayamba ndi kusankha ndi kukonzekera malo oti mubzalale peyala.
Mukudziwa? Tsamba silikonda kusunthira kumalo ndi malo, choncho, mutabzala mbande, ndikofunikira kusankha malo abwino kwambiri kuti musayambe kubwezeretsa mtengo.Ambiri amaganiza kuti peyala ndi chomera chokha chakumwera, ndipo amayesetsa kuti mtengo ubale pamalo otetezedwa ndi mphepo, choncho amafesa mtengo pakati pa zipinda za pabwalo kapena, poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa mtengo wa Nika, pakati pa mitengo yayikulu ndi yaikulu.
Izi ndi zolakwika, chifukwa mumthunzi kukula kwa peyala kungachepetse ndipo ubwino wa zokolola umachepa. Mitundu ya peyala "Nika" ndi yabwino kusankha malo abwino, otentha, otentha kwambiri.
Nkofunika kuti peyala ikhale pamalo omasuka, m'malo akuluakulu, chifukwa, ngakhale kukula kwake kwa mtengo, kumafuna malo ochulukirapo.
Musanadzale peyala, muyenera kukonzekera malo. Yambani kuchita izi patatha mlungu umodzi. Kutalika kwa dzenje kwa kubzala ayenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi, ndi kuya - 70-80 masentimita.
Mukakumba dzenje, ndi bwino kuchoka pamwamba: izi zidzakufunika kuti mutenge mtengo, pomwe nthaka yakuya siidzakhala yothandiza. Musanayambe kubzala, nthaka ikudyetsedwa ndi fetashi-phosphate feteleza ndi zinthu zofunikira mu chiwerengero choyenera.
Manyowa amagwirizana ndi nthaka, amakoka kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo amagona mu dzenje. Gawo ili limatsanulidwa ndi yankho la hydrated laimu (2 makapu pa 10 malita a madzi). Mu mawonekedwe awa, dzenje latsala kwa sabata.
Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande
Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbande idzakhala mapeto a September - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October (peyala idzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzanso ndi kupeza mphamvu isanafike nyengo yozizira) kapena kumapeto kwa April - kuyamba kwa May (mpaka masamba atayamba kuphulika).
Kubzala mitundu ya peyala "Nika" ndibwino kwambiri pochita ndi awiri, chifukwa njirayi ndi yosavuta, koma muyenera kuchita zonse zovuta.
Ndikofunikira! Musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuyendetsa mtengo pamtunda wa mamita kuti mutenge bwino thunthu ndi korona wa mtengo wachinyamata.Choncho, chodzala mmera:
Thirani dziko lapansi mu dzenje mwa njira yomwe kamulu kakang'ono kamapangidwira;- Kudzala mmera ndi mofatsa, popanda kuvulaza, kuwongolera mizu;
- Lembani mizu ndi dothi kuti mzu wa mizu ione masentimita 4-6;
- Gwiritsani ntchito maluwa mozungulira;
- Thirani gombe ladothi kuzungulira dzenje kuti mtengo wobzalidwa uli mkati mwa dzenje, zomwe zimathandiza kuthirira;
- Imwani nyemba ndi 2-3 ndowa zamadzi;
- Thunthu la mmera liyenera kumangirizidwa ku mtengo ndi chingwe, popeza poyamba adakulungula makungwa ndi mphira kuti chingwe chisakule mumtengo;
- Tsiku lotsatira, gwedezani nthaka ndi humus.
Thirani dziko lapansi mu dzenje mwa njira yomwe kamulu kakang'ono kamapangidwira;Mbali yosamalira mitundu ya peyala "Nika"
Kusamalira peyala "Nika" kumaphatikizapo kutsirira koyenera, kudyetsa kwa nthawi yake, komanso kudula mitengo yapamwamba. Ngati mutachita bwino, mutenga zokongoletsera m'munda wanu komanso chakudya chokoma cha tebulo.
Momwe mungayendetsere peyala "Nika"
Makamaka osamala ndi okwanira mtengo kuthirira amafunika mwamsanga mutabzala. Mbeu imathiriridwa nthawi zambiri mpaka mizu ikuzika mizu mpaka mapeto. M'chilimwe, mtengo umathiridwa kamodzi pamwezi.
Ndizosatheka kutsanulira madzi mwachindunji pansi pa mtengo, mwinamwake mizu idzatsukidwa ndipo peyala idzafa. Ndi bwino kukumba dzenje laling'ono pamtengo ndikutsanulira madzi mumtsinje. Kwa ulimi wothirira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otenthetsedwa, chifukwa mtengo ukhoza kudwala chifukwa cha madzi ozizira.
Pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a mtengowo pamtunda, mutatha kuthirira nthaka bwino kumasulidwa, kuonjezera, chifukwa cha njirayi, mizu idzapuma bwino.
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji kudyetsa mapeyala?
Mzu wa peyala wabisika kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake kudyetsa pepala la Nika nthawi zambiri kumangopeka. Mukamabzala, mtengowu umalidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba, kubweretsa feteleza feteleza.
Zakudya izi zikuchitika mu kugwa. Panthawi imeneyi, manyowa ndi kompositi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amathira nthaka pamtengo.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri m'mizu ya peyala, mukhoza kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndikutsanulira njirazo ndi feteleza.
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, panthawi yomwe mtengo umakula kwambiri, peyala amafunika nayitrogeni wambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha mtengo chikhale chitukuko. Mu June, potash ndi phosphorous akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka - izi zimalimbikitsa nkhuni.
Ngati dera lanu lili losavuta, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kudyetsa peyala ndi kukonzekera kokhala ndi calcium, kapena laimu kapena phulusa. Ndi njira zothetsera izi ndizofunika kuthirira mtengo.
Kulembera mapeyala
Kudulira koyamba kukuchitika pamene mtengo uli kale wa chaka chimodzi. Panthawiyi, mtengo wawung'ono umadulidwa m'njira yomwe sichiposa 50 cm mu msinkhu. Izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa nthambi zapansi.
Pakati pa zaka 4-5 za kukula, korona wa peyalayo imapangidwira kuti zipititse patsogolo kuwala ndipo nthambi zimfupikitsidwa kupereka korona wokongola nthawi zonse.
Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi chinthu chakuthwa kwambiri, "pa mphete," ndipo nthambi zomwezo zomwe zimakula molakwika ndi mthunzi zina zonsezi ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Malo onse odulidwa ayenera kuthiridwa ndi phula kapena munda wapadera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simukuchita kudulira panthawi yake, mphukira idzakhala yopanda kanthu, ndipo zipatso zidzakwera kwambiri.
Nthawi yokolola komanso momwe mungasungire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala "Nika"
Sungani "Nika" amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala m'nyengo yozizira ndipo ndichifukwa chake kulimbikitsa kulima m'munda wamunda, ngakhale kuti "achinyamata". Nthaŵi yoyenera yosankha zipatso ndikumapeto kwa September - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
Ndikofunika kuti musapitirire mapeyala pamtengo, kuti asapitirire kugona ndipo asungidwe bwino. Zipatso zabwino zosungidwa zimasonkhanitsidwa panthawi ya kukhwima, yomwe ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Chizindikiro chofunika cha "kukonzekera" kwa chipatso choyenera kukolola ndi chakuti chimachokera mosavuta ku tsinde. Chizindikiro cha kucha kudzakhalanso kutsika kwa peyala: ngati chipatso chimakhala chofewa, sichisungidwa.
Ndi bwino kusunga NIKA mapeyala mu ulendo wozizira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Mu chidebe chapadera (ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi opangidwa ndi zida zachirengedwe) pezani pepala kapena nsalu pansi, ndipo pamwamba - zipatso mu njira yapakati kapena diagonally.
Pa yosungirako mapeyala, m'pofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kuti "muyese" zipatsozo, ndipo ngati muwona zowola kapena zowonongeka, mapeyala awa ayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku bokosi lofanana.
Kukonzekera yozizira achinyamata mbande
Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa "Nika" umakhala wosasinthasintha, achinyamata amafunika malo okhala. Kumapeto kwa Oktoba, mtengowu uyenera kukhala ndi mulch wachitsulo, "udzatentha" mizu. Kwa ichi, udzu, utuchi kapena humus zidzachita.
Poyamba chisanu, muyenera kuphimba mtengo wa peyala ndi agrotextile - nsalu yapadera yomwe imapatsa chinyezi ndi kuwala, komanso imakhala ndi "Kutentha". Kuchokera mmwamba, mmera umayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo ngati chipale chofewa mumayika pa mbeu (ndithudi, osati kuphimba mtengo ndi pamwamba), peyala yotenthayo idzakhala.
Ngati mulibe zakudya zogwiritsira ntchito, mungagwiritse ntchito nthambi zowonjezereka. Mphukira yaching'ono kwambiri komanso yotsika kwambiri ingathe kuwerama pansi, chisanu "chidzabisala", ndipo izi zidzakulitsa kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Kukaniza mitundu ya peyala "Nika" ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
"Nika" sali odwala kwambiri, ndipo ngati njira zina zothandizira zimatengedwa, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso mavuto.
Zochitetezo:
- Pakapita nthawi kupanga feteleza ndi mchere, zimathandiza mtengo kukhala wolimba komanso wosavuta kupirira matenda onse.
- Musagwedezeretu nthaka, chifukwa malo ozizira amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo.
- Kudula mitengo ndi kuyeretsa kwapafupi pafupi ndi mtengo. Izi zidzapulumutsa chomeracho kuchokera ku zirombo zomwe zingatheke ndi bowa zomwe zimakhala mulu wa masamba ndi pa mphukira za matenda.
- Dothi loyera lomwe limateteza mtengo ku tizilombo.
Ngati mwawona kale zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda: mawanga ndi msangamsanga pamasamba, kuwonongeka pa mphukira ndi kuvunda kwa impso, muyenera kuthana ndi mtengo ndi fungicides ndikubwezeretsanso mankhwala pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Mukawona maluwa oyera kapena akangaude mkati mwa tsamba, peyala iyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso polimbana ndi tizilombo mu magawo oyambirira kumathandiza sopo yankho, ayenera kupopera mbewu.
Monga mukudziwa, peyala ikhoza kubereka zipatso kwa zaka pafupifupi 100. Mitundu ya peyala "Nika" - wodzichepetsa komanso wokongola kwambiri kumera mumunda wamunda, choncho tsopano popeza mwaphunzira malamulo ofunika kukula mtengo ndikumamatira, mtengo wanu udzakondwera nawo kwa zaka zambiri.
