Cyclamen (Cyclamen - kuchokera ku Greek. Cyclos - circle) - osatha kubzala nyumba ya banja Primula (lat. Primulaceae). Cyclamen akukhala kwawo - Central Europe ndi Asia Minor. Posachedwapa, akatswiri a zomera apeza mitundu yatsopano ya zomera zomwe zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Caspian ndi Black. Mitundu ina ya cyclamen yalembedwa m'buku la Red Book, pakati pawo ndi cyclamen Colchis ndi Cyclamen Kuznetsov.
Mukudziwa?Cyclamen ali ndi mayina ambiri: "alpine violet", "dryakva" ndi ena.
Cyclamen amasonyeza ofooka poizoni katundu: Zinyama zina zimalephera kugwirizanitsa ndi kuyanjana naye. Cyclamen ngati maluwa m'miphika amaimiridwa ndi mitundu iŵiri yofala kwambiri m'gawo lathu: Cyclamen Persian (Cyclamen persicum) ndi Cyclamen European (Cyclamen Europaeus). Kuti mumvetse mmene mungasamalire cyclamen, muyenera kupeza choyamba kusiyana pakati pa oimira Europe ndi Perisiya.
Pali malo ambiri omwe akatswiri a sayansi ya botanist akuchokera kumaluso amauza onse za cyclamen. Koma m'nkhaniyi tiyesa kufotokoza chirichonse mwa njira yosavuta komanso yovuta.
Katswiri wazitsamba, pamene amasiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiri, poyamba adzayang'ana kukula kwa masamba a chomera: mu Persian cyclamen ali aakulu 2-4 cm, monga maluwa omwe ali ndi pinki ndi fungo losangalatsa. Chinthu china chosiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba otsala: masamba a Persian cyclamen ali obiriwira kumbali yina, pamene ku Ulaya ndi malo obiriwira.
Ngati muli odziwa zambiri, ndiye mvetserani kwa tubers, yomwe ili ndi masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pa Persian cyclamen, ndipo imamizidwa kwathunthu ku Ulaya; Mu Persian cyclamen iwo ali osakwatira, ndipo ku Ulaya - ndi "ana".
Ndipo ngati, musanapite ku sitolo, mufunsanso mabuku omwe akufotokoza momwe mungasamalire bwino ndi kubwezeretsa cyclamen, ndiye mudzaphunzira kuti wina Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu ndi nthawi ya kugula: m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira yokha pokhapokha mipesa ya Perisiya ingagulidwe m'masitolo, pamene mu masika ndi chilimwe Mayiko a ku Ulaya ali pa alamulo.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri, kuonjezera malonda, malo ogwiritsira ntchito akudziwitsidwa kuti ma European cyclamens ndi onunkhira - izi si zoona!
Ndi cyclamen iti yomwe ili yosavuta kusamalira
Maluwa a Persian cyclamen amafunikira kusamalira mosamalitsa ndi kusindikizidwa, chifukwa nthawi yonse ya mbewuyi imatha kuyambira pa March mpaka September. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kubereka, monga nthawi ina yonse cyclamen (Persian) ikhoza kusunga masamba. Komanso, chisamaliro chake chimakhala chovuta ndi chakuti kulimbikitsanso kubzala kamodzi pachaka, pamene European cyclamen ikhoza kubzalidwa 3-4 nthawi pachaka.
Mbali za kulima kwa Persian ndi European cyclamen
Kotero mukhoza kuyamikira chomera chanu kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuchigula icho chamoyo, ndiye sipadzakhala mavuto ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha cyclamen.
Ndikofunikira! Zowonongeka, zonyansa ndi kuonongeka kwa tubers ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha matenda omera.
Chilengedwe
Musanasunthire maluwa a cyclamen pawindo, ndizofunikira mwamsanga mutangogula kuti mutumize "kusungunula" kwa milungu iŵiri kumalo akutali, ndipo ngati palibe zotheka, ndiye kuti chitetezocho chiteteze chomeracho. Ngati patatha masabata awiri palibe chomwe chinamuchitikira (palibe mawanga omwe anawonekera, palibe masamba omwe anagwa), ndiye mutha kumufikitsa ku zomera zina. Kuchokera pazotsatira zomwe mukuchita kumadalira momwe moyo wa duwa udzakhalira.
Mukudziwa? Cyclamen sakonda miphika yayikulu.
Cyclamen imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuunika - sikulekerera mthunzi komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala, koma kusokonezeka, ndibwino kuti tipeze chomeracho. Musaiwale kuti kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino kwa moyo wabwino wa cyclamen ndi 17 ° C.
Kodi nthaka ndi chiyani pamene mukufunikira feteleza?
Nthaka ya cyclamen imafunika yapadera: Nthaka nthawi zonse kuchokera pabedi lapafupi sizingagwire ntchito. Ndi bwino kugula malo m'masitolo apadera kumene magalimoto amatha kugulitsa ndikudziwa zonse za maluwa.Dziko lapansi ndibwino kusankha lotayirira, lokhala ndi zinthu zamtundu wapatali.
Ndikofunikira! DKwa cyclamen mlingo wa acidity (Ph) ayenera kukhala pa 5.5-6.5.
Njira yabwino ndi masamba ndi sod land, humus, peat yabwino, utuchi ndi kudula udzu. Koma yabwino, malinga ndi ambiri, kusankha - chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga wouma. Mukayamba kugula nthaka kuchokera kwa wopanga osadziwika, ndiye njira yabwino yopiritsira mavitaminiyo ndikutentha mu uvuni ndi madzi ambiri (madzi ayenera kutuluka mumadzi). Izi zidzapha tizilombo towononga zonse m'nthaka. Kuti mugwire bwino, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la potassium permanganate mmalo mwa madzi.
Mukudziwa? M'nyengo ya chilimwe Yopikiska yotchedwa European cyclamen ikhoza kuikidwa pamalo otseguka, koma pamalo ozizira, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ndi koyenera kuifikitsa ndi moss ndi masamba.
Kudyetsa kwa Cyclamen kumachitika bwino patatha milungu iwiri yonse ya maluwa. Muyenera kuyamba mwezi mutatha maluwa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti cyclamen sichikonda nayitrogeni yochulukirapo, choncho mlingo wolembedwa pa phukusi ugawidwe muwiri.
Momwe mungadzitetezere mabotolo
Cyclamen ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse ndi mochuluka. Cyclamen ndi chomera chosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo sichimalola kuuma, kotero kuthirira kumayenera kusamala makamaka nthawi ya chilimwe. Izi ziyenera kuchitika chaka chonse, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ya maluwa, pokhapokha pazochitika zotere, kusamalira cyclamen kudzakhala kolondola.
Cyclamen ayenera kuthiriridwa mosamala kwambiri: madzi mulimonsemo sayenera kugwera pa tubers, chifukwa izi zingachititse kuti mizu zowola ndi imfa ya mbewu. Ndibwino kuti muthe kuthirira kuchokera pamphuno kapena mphika wapadera. Kuti muchite izi, mumphika kumene zomera zimakhala, muyenera kupanga mabowo ang'onoting'ono (kukula kwa chala chaching'ono) ndikuchiyika muchitayi (mphika) ndi madzi.
Pofuna kupewa matenda, mukhoza kuwonjezera madzi pang'ono, chifukwa cyclamen sakonda kwambiri acidic medium. Musamwe madzi madzi a cyclamen pompopu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira bwino kapena amvula chifukwa cha izi. Pakati pa nthawi ya cyclamen, madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ochepa, ndipo kuyambira pachiyambi cha maluwa, amamera ngati mbewu ikukula.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa panthawi yopumula ndi maluwa
Ambiri osamalira zambiri, akulima cyclamen, akudabwa ngati akhoza kupopera. Yankho lathu n'lotheka, koma nthawi zina: ngati pali fumbi lambiri pamasamba (sankhani mfuti yachitsulo ndi mankhwala abwino ndi kupopera mbewu pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita) kapena ngati pali mpweya woyandikana nawo pafupi, pakali pano ndibwino kuti mupopere madzi pamtunda.
Pakati pa maluwa, chofunika kwambiri pa kusamalira cyclamen ndiko kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza (ngati kuli kofunikira). Kusamalira chomera mu nthawi yayitali ndi kovuta kwambiri.
Choyamba: nthawi yochepa kwambiri imatsimikiziridwa ndi kufota pang'ono kwa masamba ndi kutaya maluwa omwe kale ali otupa. Musawope kuti bulbu yokha ya maluwa idzakhalabe mu mphika. Olima ambiri osadziwa zambiri amawopsya pamene cyclamen yathamanga, ndipo sadziwa choti achite. Ndipotu, zonse ndi zophweka. Panthawi imeneyi, mphika wokhala ndi babu ndi bwino kuchotsa pamalo ozizira ndikusiyapo kwa miyezi itatu, pafupipafupi. Babu ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi madzi pang'ono (osatsanulira pa babu, koma kuzungulira) kamodzi pa masabata awiri.
Kwa miyezi itatu, cyclamen idzadutsa mwa "mwana", ndiye mudzafunika kuiyika pamalo owala ndikuyamba kuthirira monga poyamba. Patatha mlungu umodzi, muyenera kupanga feteleza kuti mukhale ndi zomera.
Kodi kukula cyclamen
Kuti mukhale ndi cyclamen popanda mavuto, mumangodziwa momwe mungasamalire cyclamen ndi subtleties pakuika ndi kufesa. Ngati mukufuna kulima chomera kuchokera ku mbewu, ndiye kuwonjezera pa mbeu zomwe mukufuna: nthaka (mukhoza kutenga violets), ngalande ndi mphika. Mphika ndi bwino kugula mawonekedwe apakati, koma popeza pali ochepa mwa iwo ogulitsidwa, mukhoza kutenga nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Ndiyeso ya pansi pa mphika ndi m'mimba mwake kumtunda ayenera kukhala ofanana.
Pansi pa mphika muyenera kudzaza madzi, kutsanulira madzi pang'ono (makamaka ndi botolo lazitsulo), kenaka yonjezerani pansi. Ikani nyembazo zisanadziwe m'madzi ndikuzitsanulira ndi chophimbapo, kuziyika manda. Dulani pamwamba pa mphika ndi kumamatira filimu ndikuyiyika pamalo amdima, ozizira. Mbewu zimamera nthawi yaitali (mwezi umodzi kapena ziwiri). Panthawiyi ndi koyenera "kuyendetsa" cyclamen, ndiko kuti, kuchotsa filimuyi kwa kanthawi, ndikumwa madzi pang'ono. Kuti mukhale ophweka, mungathe kuika tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pafupi ndi malo omwe mbewuzo zimabzalidwa, kuti muthe kudziwa kumene mungapeze. Cyclamens imakula kwa nthawi yaitali, koma posamalira bwino nyengo yoyamba yamaluwa, mbewu yanu idzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola.
Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Cyclamen
Pofuna kuika, muyenera kutero: mphika watsopano (uli ndi dzenje komanso osachepera 15 masentimita), dothi, mchenga ndi humus, vermion ndi vermiculite (kufulumizitsa kukula), kudula dothi, kubzala fosholo ndi kupukuta manja, magolovesi, madzi. Pansi pa mphika ayenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi lokulitsa kuti lizitsuka ndikuletsa kutembenuka kwa maluwa, ndikutsanulira nthaka (magawo atatu) ndi mchenga ndi humus (gawo limodzi). Onjezerani vermion ndi vermiculite kuti mupititse patsogolo kukula ndi kukula kwa duwa. Dziko lapansi silifunika kuti likhale tamped.
Kuti muchotse cyclamen mu mphika wakale, muyenera kufanikira mphika womwewo ndi zala zanu mu bwalo (musamapanikire molimbika), ndiye mutenge cyclamen pangodya ya 45 ° ndikuyang'ana mizu yake: kodi pali malo omwe ayamba kuvunda. Ngati alipo, dulani, ndi kuwaza malo odulidwa ndi feteleza youma. Kenaka pitani cyclamen mu nthaka yatsopano (kotero kuti tuber ili ndi theka kuyang'ana pamwamba pa nthaka), madzi. Mulole chomeracho chiyimire kwa mphindi zisanu ndikuthandizani chinyontho, kenako mudzaze nthaka ndi madzi kachiwiri.
Ikani chomera chanu pamalo omwe sichidzadziwika ndi dzuwa, ndipo musangalale ndi chikondi ndi chiyambi cha cyclamen, osaiwala kusamalira bwino maluwa.
