M'nyengo yozizira, mawindo a osangalala a maluwa begonias, a elatioor, ali ngati akuunikira ndi masango owala a "maluwa" a mitundu yonse ya kutenthetsa komanso ngakhale mthunzi wotentha - pinki, wachikasu, lalanje, wofiira.
Chinthu chodabwitsa chimenechi chinakhala chotheka pambuyo pa kudutsa kwa tuberous begonia - kuchokera pachilumba cha Haiti ndi Socotransky begonia, yomwe imakula mu Yemen basi.
Kuchokera ku mtundu woyamba wa begonia, wapamwamba amalandira chochuluka chokhalitsa ndi chowala maluwa, ndipo kuchokera pachiwiri, wandiweyani kapangidwe ka pamakhala ndi kuthekera pachimake m'nyengo yozizira.
Kukhala wosakanizidwa wouma, sichikhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu ndipo amafunika kusamala mosamala m'chipinda.
Komanso, zomera zimatchedwa begonia maluwa.
Chithunzi
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?
Kuunikira
Amafuna kuwala kowala popanda kupitirira kwa dzuwa.
Kuunikira kopambana kungakhale mawindo akuyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo.
Pazenera za kumpoto, komanso nyengo yafupikitsa, kuti tipeze maluwa, ziyenera kuunika, kupereka maola 13 mpaka 16 maola masana patsiku.
Kum'mwera ndi kumwera chakum'maŵa, kumafunika shading - makamaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Kutentha
Zosangalatsa zamtundu wotentha chaka chonse - kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 madigiri.
M'nyengo yoziziramulimonsemo kutentha sikuyenera kugwa m'munsimu + 18ºС
Ground
Mtundu wosakanizidwa uwu sungapange zofunikira pa nthaka gawo lapansi: ziyenera kukhala asidi pang'ono, osasunthika, wathanzi, ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi.
Angagwiritse ntchito nthaka yokonzekera begonias, kapena munda wa dothi wokhala ndi mlingo waukulu wa perlite kapena vermiculite, komanso kukonzekera chisakanizo cha masamba anayi a humus, magawo awiri a peat ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga wouma.
Tikufika
Chotsitsa chifukwa chodzala akhoza kukhala ndi m'lifupi wofanana ndi kutalika ndi kuvomerezedwa dzenje lakuda. Chifukwa Madzi oopsa kwambiriZida zakuthupi ndi bwino kusankha porous - keramiki popanda kupaka kosalekeza.
Pansi pa chidebe muli makina osanjikiza za miyala yaing'ono kapena dothi lochepetsedwa, ndiye mulu waung'ono umatsanuliridwa pa nthaka, pamwamba pake yomwe mizu yayikidwa.
Samalani kwambiri ku chitetezo cha dothi lokhala ndi thupi lochepa komanso lofooka.
Lembani nthaka kusakaniza kwa mlingo woyenera, kusindikiza mokoma.
Kubzala pamalo otseguka
Pakatikati mwa msewu, kukwera koteroku kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa June, pamene mantha a usiku chisanu chimatha.
Zomera zimayikidwa 20-25 sentimita imodzi kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
Pamene usiku kutentha kumapita ku 5-8ºС, awa begonias amasamukira m'chipinda chozizira, kapena amadulidwa kuchokera kwa iwo kuti apeze mizu.
Kuwaza
Zovuta za begatias za Elatior zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi "kupanikizika maganizo", choncho zitsanzo zazing'ono yosamalidwa bwino pamene mukukulandi okhwima kuikidwa kawirikawiri, kusinthika, mwachangu, kapena m'malo ndi atsopanowakula kuchokera ku cuttings.
Kuthirira
Madzi moyenera, makamaka m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, cholinga chachikulu ndikuteteza dothi ndi mizu kuti zisawume kapena nthaka ya chinyezi.
Pakati pa ulimi wothirira ndi madzi ozizira, osati ozizira, dothi liyenera kuuma kwambiri - mpaka theka la kutalika kwa mphika.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
M'chilimwemakamaka pa kutentha Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumathandiza kwambiri.
Ndi ichi chitsamba sayenera kuyatsa ndi dzuwa: madontho a madzi pa masamba ndi pamakhala amachitiranso ngati mapulogalamu, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zomera zimatenthedwa.
M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, kupopera mbewu mankhwala sikunapangidwe, chifukwa panthawiyi, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi, chiopsezo cha begonia chogonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungus chikuwonjezeka.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pa maluwa ndi nyengo yogwira ntchito kudyetsedwa ndi mchere wambiri kwa zomera zokongola kamodzi pa sabata.
Kukula ndi kudulira
The begonia begonia imataya kukongoletsa kwenikweni.
Kukonzanso Kadinala wake amalola kudula, kusiya kokha "hemp" kutalika kwa masentimita asanu ndi awiri.
Posakhalitsa kuchokera ku tulo ta mphukira, mphukira zatsopano ziwonekera, zomwe, pamene zikukula, mukusowa onaninsokupanga chitsamba chogwirana ndi masamba wandiweyani.
Maluwa
Kuti phokoso likhale lopitirira mosalekeza komanso mochulukirapo, pangani zojambula "tsiku lalifupi" - Kutalika kwa maola a usana kumachepetsedwa Maola 9chophimba chomera filimu yakuda ya pulasitiki.
Ndondomeko imeneyi inachitika nthawi masabata awiri, amalimbikitsa kupanga mapangidwe.
Kwa nthawi iyi, zimayambira sizinatambasulidwe, ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera kapena kutsitsa mphukira.
Kenaka tsiku lowala yonjezerani mpaka maola 16 - angafunikire kuunikira kwina.
Zotsatira zake Begonia limamasula mu miyezi iwiri.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chomera kamodzi chinafalikira "mwathunthu" -kutalika, mochuluka komanso kwa nthawi yayitali-kubwezeretsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo sichikhoza kuphulika kachiwiri ndi mphamvu yomweyo.
Kuswana
Maluwa amachulukira vegetatively - cuttings, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana nawonso mbewu.
Tsinde la cuttings
Gwiritsani ntchito nyengo yam'masika ndi chilimwe pafupifupi masentimita 10 m'litali, pomwe pali awiri a masamba ndi awiri kukula masamba. Zigawo zouma.
Mukhoza kugwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka kwa madzi m'madzi, sungani magawo apansi ndi mizu yopanga mphukira, kapena mwamsanga muwabzala mumtunda wamba ndi kuwonjezerapo mchenga.
Kuphimba chivundikiro ndi pulasitiki, kutentha (+22-25ºС), mpweya ndi kuchepetsa.
Pambuyo popanga mizu ndi kupanga mphukira zatsopano (pafupifupi mkati mwa mwezi), timadontho timene timakhala m'magawo osiyana ndi omwe nthawi zambiri nthaka imasakaniza.
Makhalidwe a Leaf
Tengani pepala lalikulu, lopangidwa bwino, liwongolere movutikira (pagalasi) ndi tsamba lakuthwa adagawidwa kuyambira pakati mpaka magawo kotero kuti gawo lirilonse linali mitsempha imodzi kapena iŵiri ya mitsempha.
Gawani zigawo zomwe zimapezeka pamtunda pamwamba (mungathe kuchepetsera m'munsi mwake), moisten, kuphimba ndi pulasitiki, kukulitsa, mpweya ndipo muli ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20-22.
Pasanathe mwezi umodzi begonia adzatsitsimutsidwa ngakhale ndi "dismemberment" ndi maonekedwe masamba atsopano m'munda wa mitsempha yodula.
Mbewu
Mitundu ina Zosangalatsa, mwachitsanzo, gulu la f1 hybrids, likhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu, ndi chaka chonse (m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira amafunikira kuunikira kwina).
Mbeu zazing'ono zimayikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka kusakaniza, sprayed ndi madzi, yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki filimu, aerated, anapitiriza 25-27ºС ndi kuunikira bwino.
Kuwombera kumawoneka pambuyo pa masabata 2-3.
Pambuyo mapangidwe masamba awiri kapena atatu oona Mbande imatuluka mosamala kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 18-20ºє ndi malire kuthirira.
Pamene akukula, iwo amakhala pansi.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mapangidwe a masamba pazitsamba zazing'ono, gwiritsani ntchito "phukusi lakuda" njira yomwe ikufotokozedwa mu gawo "Maluwa".
Zizindikiro za vuto
- Masamba amatembenuka, amawombera kutambasula - zotsatira za kusamba kokwanira, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunika kupereka njira yabwino yopangira kuwala, kukonzekera kuyatsa mu nthawi ya maola masana.
- Mitengoyi imagwa, masamba owuma - mpweya wouma ndi kutenthedwa. Kuwonetsera kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyenera kukhala kochepa ndipo mpweya uyenera kusokonezedwa.
- Masamba akuwala, mawanga owoneka ofiira amawoneka pa iwo, masamba ndi maluwa amakhala ang'onoting'ono - kupitirira dzuwa. Akufunika pritenit chomera.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zolinga za chisamaliro, poyamba choyamba, kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka, kufooketsa zomera ndikupangitsa kugonjetsedwa kwake powdery mildew. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi kuyendetsa begonia. fungicides.
Kuphatikiza kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumabweretsa chitukuko mizu kapena tsamba zowola. Ngati ndondomekoyi yayamba, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kukonzanso nyengo ndi kutentha. Ngati mukugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, mudzayenera kuzula mdulidwe, kudula mphukira zabwino, ndi kuwasunga bwino, ndi kuchotsa mbewu zonsezo.
Begonia ikhoza kumenyana kangaude, aphid, scythe, thrips ndi mealybug. Monga chiyeso choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo kuchotsa pogwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa thonje wothira mowa, kapena mankhwala ndi sopo yankho. Ambiri zothandiza tizilombo mankhwala - mankhwala osakaniza.
Begonia Elatior - wosakanizidwa wodabwitsa wa "makolo" akutali kwambiri - ali okongoletsera kwambiri nthawi yambiri yamaluwa, nthawi yosangalatsa komanso yozizira. Pamapeto a maluwa amenewa "moto", wopanda "tuberous" kapena "bulbous" mphamvu "," nthawi zambiri "zimakhala zowopsa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Komabe, pofalitsidwa ndi cuttings kapena mbeu, begonia elatio imapatsa moyo achinyamata zomera zomwe zimatha kubwereza chimodzimodzi ndi maluwa.
