Shallot kapena Ashkelon ndi mbewu yamuyaya ya banja la anyezi. Timayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kowala komanso kusowa kwa fungo lamphamvu.
Kufotokozera kwa shallots ndi kusiyana kwake kwa anyezi
Shallot ndi mtundu wa anyezi. Amadziwikanso pansi pa mayina ena: Alexandria, mbatata, banja, shrubbery. Kwawo ndi Middle East (Palestine), komwe kunkadziwika kuti wothawa. Ku Europe adalandira magawidwe atatha zaka za XIII.
Izi ndi zaka ziwiri chomera. Shallots amadziwika ndi kucha koyambirira, kubereka kwakukulu komanso kukana chisanu. Sonkhanitsani foni yake ndikugwiritsa ntchito cholembera. M'chaka choyamba, iwo amabzala mbewu kuti azilima anyezi, ndipo zibzalidwa mchaka chachiwiri. Masango a ana (5-20 ma PC.) Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbeu imodzi, chifukwa chake, amaonedwa kuti ndi shrub. Babu iliyonse imabweretsa zokolola za 200-300 g, ndipo kuchokera ku m2 mutha kutola makilogalamu atatu a mpiru ndi mpaka makilogalamu 5 a msuzi wobiriwira.
Shallot imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini C, kupezeka kwa B, PP ndi mchere K, Mg, Fe, S mmenemo. Kugwiritsa ntchito anyezi kumathandizira kukonza chitetezo chokwanira, kupewa chimfine ndipo chimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kulimbitsa mtima wamtima, kulimbikitsa chimbudzi cha chakudya, komanso chothandiza pakapangidwe ka magazi.
Ndivuto kugwiritsa ntchito zochuluka. Pali zotsutsana.
Shotoro ndi ya anyezi, koma imasiyana motere:
- Ang'ono ndi owonjezera mawonekedwe mu turnips. Nthenga zofalikira kwambiri. Zasungidwa bwino.
- Amakula zisa. Mkati mwa babu, malo okhala ndi primordia amawoneka, osati mphete.
- Utoto wa mpiru umadalira dera la kukula. Madera akumpoto ali ndi mitundu yachikasu ndi kuwawa kwake. M'madera akumwera - lilac.
- Imalekerera kutentha kwambiri m'miyezi yophukira, sikulowa muvi mwachangu, ngati anyezi.
- Choyamba, mizu imapangidwa, kenako kokha nyengo yotentha - greenery. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muzibzale nthawi yozizira.
- Nthenga zimakhala ndi kukoma kosakhwima komwe kumapereka piquancy kuzakudya zosiyanasiyana.
- Ilibe fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala, silipweteka m'maso ndikudula. Wotetemera, wokoma ndi fungo labwino, kukoma komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mwaulere komanso monga zokometsera za nyama ndi nsomba.
Zosiyanasiyana zamisili
Mitundu ya anyezi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu, kutengera nthawi yake yopanga:
- koyambirira
- sing'anga;
- mochedwa.
Mitundu yoyambirira imakhala ndi kukoma, zonunkhira. Chisa chili ndi mababu 10.
Shredder
Zosintha mtundu wa lilac: masikelo owuma a kunja - okhala ndi ofiira, mkati - ndi oyera. Nthenga zatsopano komanso zoyambirira zimakula mpaka masentimita 35. Mutuwu umapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira mpaka 10cm, kukula kwa 2,5 cm.
White Queen
Babu babu, ndi mankhusu amtundu wowfuta. Kuchulukana mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri amadwala. Itha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Belozerets 94
Mankhwala owuma ali ndi utoto wofiirira. Amadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri, kulimbikira modabwitsa komanso kusadwala.
Mitundu ya Mid-msimu
Mababu ochepa mchisa. Kukoma mtima kumatengera zosiyanasiyana.
Airat
Zofewa, koma zonunkhira kwambiri. Muli mababu 5-7 pachisa. Ripotilo yoyang'ana ndi chikasu chachikasu.
Kukoma mtima
Kukonzanso bwino. Anyezi wagolide amadziwika ndi zamkati yoyera yowutsa mudyo.
Zomwe zimapanga kukula
Mukabzala pamalo otseguka, imakonda kumasulidwa ndi dothi lachonde ndi acidity ya pH 6-7. Izi zimaphatikizapo chernozem ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dongo ndi mchenga. Onetsetsani kuti mukuzama pansi pamadzi. Kupanda kutero, ngalande zabwino zimafunikira kuti ziwase. Tikufika pamtunda paphoma. Mthunzi suyenera.
Mbewu zimasankhidwa. Mababu athanzi okha ndiwo amasankhidwa kuti adzalidwe: mainchesi atatu (3 cm) amafunikira kutembenukira, ngati kupitirira 3, kenako pezani greenery ndi muvi. Kubzala kwakukulu kumakhala ndi maubulo ochulukirapo kuposa a kakulidwe kakang'ono, koma ndizocheperako pang'ono.
Omwe amatsogolera komanso oyandikana nawo osasamba
Ngati mukufuna zokolola zabwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mbewu zomwe mwakhala mukukula kale. Ndikwabwino kubzala misuzi pambuyo nandolo, nyemba ndi nyemba. Mutha kuyiyika pamalopo, ngati chaka cham'mbuyomu oyimira nightshade, dzungu kapena kabichi adakula. Sibwino kusankha malo omwe chimanga, mpendadzuwa, adyo kapena beets zidakula.
Zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri ngati choyambirira chinali karoti. Ndikwabwino kubzyala pafupi kuti tiwope ntchentche za anyezi.
Mutha kuyika pabedi loyandikana: letesi, radish kapena sitiroberi.
Kukonza malo
Kuti mudzaze dziko lapansi ndi mpweya, kuti muwononge tizirombo ndi namsongole, malowo ayenera kukumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo. Izi zisanachitike, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pa m2: 3-4 makilogalamu a manyowa kapena kompositi, 15-20 g wa superphosphate ndi urea, 45-80 g wa phulusa. Chapakatikati, nayitrogeni amawonjezeredwa pamalowo - 15-20 g pa m2. Mukabzala anyezi mu kugwa, malo amakonzekera iye kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ngati abzala kumapeto, ndiye kugwa.
Nthawi yayitali
Nthawi yabwino kukafika pamakhala chisanu. Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera zigawo, anyezi ndi kutha kwa February, komanso kwa msewu wapakati - pakati pa Epulo. Pambuyo pa masiku 30, nthenga zimawonekera, ndipo pambuyo pa 45-60 mpiru zidzapanga. Kubzala masika ndikofunikira chifukwa babuwo amapangidwira bwino ndipo sakonda kugwidwa ndi tizirombo. Pambuyo pake kumapeto kwa chakumapeto - sizipereka udzu wobiriwira, koma muzu umayamba kukula.
Kuti mupeze nthenga zoyambirira, ndibwino kubzala mitengo ya chisoti nthawi yozizira isanayambe nyengo yozizira, koma kuti isayambe kukula ma cloves. Zikatero, anyezi amasangalala ndi mphukira yabwino kasupe, ndipo amadyera adzawonekera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Tekinolo ya kubzala ya Shallot
Ndikofunikira kubzala bedi kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatana: choyamba mbewu, kenako mbewu. Tekinoloje ya njirayi ndiyofanana koma pali kusiyana.
Sevkom
Sinthani gawo lonse, ndikusiya mababu athanzi okha. Ndikofunika kusankha molingana ndi kukula: osati yayikulu kapena yaying'ono - yapakati. Ayenera kukazinga mu uvuni (40 ° C) kapena kuyikidwa pa batri yotentha. Mutha kuthira madzi pamtunda wovomerezeka.
Amabzyala m'mabedi kapena m'mphepete, osakanikiza, koma osindikizidwa ndi dothi kuti nsonga zochepa ndizokhazo. Kuti muchite izi, konzani ma grooves kapena maenje (4-5 cm), kusiya mtunda wa masentimita 7-10 pakati pawo. Mukabzala yophukira, onjezerani kuya ndi mtunda mpaka 20-30 cm.
Mbewu
Dongosolo ndilofanana. Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa ndikakulunga mu nsalu yonyowa kwa maola 48. Osazilola kuti ziume. Kuzama kwa malo opangidwako kumapangidwa kocheperako (3 cm) ndikubzala molingana ndi masentimita 7-8x20. Ngati muchita njirayi mukugwa, ndiye kuti mbewu sizifunikira kunyowa.
Chisamaliro
Nyemba, monga mbewu zina, zimafunikira ntchito yofunikira kuti mukolole bwino.
| Ntchito | Zochita |
| Kuthirira | Wokhazikika, wofatsa. Sizitengera humidation yothandiza ndi mpweya wabwino. Mu nyengo youma, kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse la 2-3. |
| Kupalira | Gawo lofunikira zisanachitike nthenga zoyambirira, monga namsongole pa nthawi imeneyi akhoza kuononga mbewu. |
| Kumasuka | Kuchitika ndi mapangidwe olimba kutumphuka panthaka. |
| Woponya | Chitani, ngati kuli kotheka, kukulani mpiru waukulu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati chilimwe, kuchotsa mababu ang'onoang'ono. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Pambuyo pa masabata 1.5-2 atamera kumera, amathandizidwa ndi yankho la manyowa kapena ngati ndowe za mbalame mu chiyerekezo cha 1:10. Nthawi yomweyo, feteleza wa mchere (phosphate, mchere wa nitric acid kapena urea) amagwiritsidwa ntchito - 10-15 g pa m2. Kukonzanso kuchitika ndi mapangidwe a mababu. Kenako njira ya potaziyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito: 5-7 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Lekani mitundu yonse masiku 30 kuti mukolole. |
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Anyezi sagwidwa kawirikawiri ndi tizirombo ndi matenda angapo.
| Vutoli | Njira zoyesera |
| Mitundu yoyera yoyera pafupi ndi bulb. | Anyezi nematode ndi nyongolotsi yaying'ono. Mimbuluyi imanyowa kwa 2 min mu 4% yankho la formaldehyde ndi methanol. Itha kumizidwa m'madzi otentha pa 45 ° C. |
| Malangizo a nthenga amasandulika oyera, ofota. Mababu amavunda. | Anyezi wonyezimira wopepuka amauluka ndi msana wobiriwira. Amamuyendetsa kaloti wobzala pambuyo pake. Mutha kufalitsa pakati pa mizere ya chowawa kapena tansy. |
| Nsabwe za m'masamba amakonda mphukira zazing'ono, zoyamwa msuzi. | Utsi wophika msuzi (chamomile, tsabola wotentha). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. |
| Powdery mildew, fusarium, peronosporosis, zowola pansi | Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Turnips athanzi amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Odwala amawononga. |
Kututa ndi kusunga
Kukolola kumayamba mitengo ikayamba kukhala yankhanza kenako imayamba kusanduka chikaso pang'ono, kenako kenako. Izi zisanachitike, zosonkhanitsa sizimayambira, mwina sichikhala bwino kuti msuzi wasungika bwino ndipo umamera msanga. Kukolola m'mawa kwambiri patsiku louma komanso louma bwino pansi. Masamba amadulidwa kuchokera ku mababu, kenako amapindulidwa kukhala timagulu tambiri.
Amasungidwa m'malo amdima komanso opezeka ndi mpweya wabwino. Muthaisiya mu maukonde kwa mwezi umodzi ndikuzikhomera kukhoma. Kenako anyezi amasankhidwa ndipo dziko lapansi nkuchichotsamo.
Mutha kusunga mitundu yapakati komanso mochedwa kwa chaka chimodzi mukatha kukolola:
- m'mabokosi opangidwa ndi makatoni kapena matabwa;
- m'mabasiketi;
- pansi pansi mufiriji;
- m'matangadza a kapron.
Mababu amafunika kutentha kwa + 8 ... +10 ° C, ndi mbewu + 15 ... +20 ° C. Chinyezi sichimakhala choposa 60-70%.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: zopindulitsa za shallots
Anyezi amakhala ndi zofunikira paumoyo wa anthu (mavitamini, mchere), kotero kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Ili ndi zotsatirazi zabwino:
- matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kulimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi;
- cholesterol yotsika;
- kukulitsa kukana kwa thupi kwa zinthu zakunja;
- kusintha kwa m'mimba thirakiti;
- chiwonongeko cha maluwa;
- zotsatirapo zabwino pakuwona;
- kuchotsa kwa poizoni;
- kuwongola tsitsi ndi misomali.
Kununkhira kokongola ndi fungo lomwe lilipo limatilola kupanga mitundu ya zipatso monga zodzikongoletsera, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zakudya za ku France. Amawonjezeredwa ndimadzi amadzimadzi, nyama ndi nsomba mukamaphika. Anyezi amatha kusungidwa mu marinade, wouma kapena wouma.
