Pteris ndi mtundu wa ferns kuchokera ku banja la Pteris. Dzinali limachokera ku liwu Lachi Greek, lomwe limamasulira kuti "kuvekedwa".
Kufotokozera kwa Pteris
Pteris ali ndi nthangala ya pansi, mizu yofewa yokutidwa ndi tsitsi la bulauni. Pansi pa nthaka ndi tsinde, nthawi zina zimasokonezedwa ndi kupitiliza kwa mizu. Masamba amakula kuchokera pa tsinde, koma zikuwoneka kuti akuwonekera mwachindunji kuchokera pansi.
Kutalika kwa tchire mpaka 2,5 m, ndipo palinso mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imazungulira miyala kapena miyala.
Masamba ndi akulu, opepuka, obiriwira owala, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya pteris
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya pteris. Ngakhale mawonekedwe wamba a onse komanso ofanana airy, ma kaso okongola, amatha kuwoneka mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe ndi masamba.
| Mutu | Kufotokozera Masamba |
| Longleaf (Pteris longifolia) | Mtundu wobiriwira, wowoneka bwino, wobiriwira. Yachepera komanso yayitali, ili moyang'anizana ndi petiole 40-50 cm kutalika. |
| Kugwedezeka (Pteris tremula) | Kutalika kwambiri, mpaka 1 mita. Kukula mwachangu. Osalimba, koma okongola kwambiri, ophunzitsidwa bwino, wobiriwira wopepuka. |
| Cretan (Pteris cretica) | Mitundu yosanyalanyaza kwambiri - variegate "Alboleina", yokhala ndi malovu komanso mtundu wopepuka. Lanceolate, nthawi zambiri yosiyanitsa, ili pa petioles mpaka 30 cm. |
| Tepi (Pteris vittata) | Amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana patali (mpaka 1 m) petioles, ofanana ndi nthiti zosankhidwa. Kuuluka, mwachikondi, kukhala ndi maondo okongola. |
| Multip-Notched (Pteris multifida) | Akumbutsa kupezeka kwa udzu. Zachilendo, zopindika pawiri, zokhala ndi zigawo zazifupi komanso zazitali mpaka 40 cm m'litali ndi 2 cm zokha. |
| Xiphoid (Pteris eniformis) | Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri. Msinkhu 30 cm. Kaso kawiri okhala ndi magulu ozungulira. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yosalala, yokhala ndi pakati wowala. |
| Tricolor (Pteris Tricolor) | Kwawo - Peninsula Malacca (Indochina). Cirrus, mpaka 60 cm, wofiirira. Sinthani zobiriwira ndi zaka. |
Chisamaliro cha Pteris kunyumba
Kusamalira chomera kumafunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo apanyumba.
| Parameti | Kasupe | Chilimwe | Kugwa / Zima |
| Dothi | Opepuka, osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono, ph kuyambira 6.6 mpaka 7.2. | ||
| Malo / Kuwala | Mawindo akumadzulo kapena akummawa. Mukufuna kuwala kowala, koma kopanda dzuwa. | Ndikofunika kuti chomera chizituluka panja, chisungeni pang'ono. | Sankhani malo owala kwambiri, kapena yatsani ndi nyali mpaka maola 10-14. |
| Kutentha | + 18 ... +24 ° С | Ndikusowa kwa kuwala, chepetsani mpaka + 16-18 ° C. Usiku - mpaka +13 ° С. | |
| Chinyezi | 90 % | 60-80% ngati kutentha kwazinthu kumatsitsidwa. | |
| Kuthirira | Pafupipafupi, ndi kuyanika kwa pamwamba. | Ngati kutentha kuzungulira +15 ° C, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kochepa, kulola nthaka kuti iume ndi 1 cm. | |
| Kuwaza | 2 mpaka 6 pa tsiku. | Pamatenthedwe otsika +18 ° C - osapopera. | |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Sapezeka. | 2 kawiri pamwezi, feteleza wophatikizira wa mankhwala onyamula nyumba. Konzani yankho mu theka ndende kuchokera pazomwe zasonyezedwazo. | Sapezeka. |
Thirani, dothi, mphika
Ferns zimasulidwa mchaka, pokhapokha ngati mizu idakutidwa kwathunthu ndi mtanda. Pteris amakonda zinthu zopsinjika. Zakudya zazifupi ndi zosaya zimakonda. Kukhetsa bwino kumafunika.
Zovuta, matenda, tizirombo ta pteris
Pteris sangayambitse mavuto ngati zofunikira zimaperekedwa. Mosazindikira amazindikira zovuta zakusamalidwa. Nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi kupindika, mocheperako - nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs.
| Tizilombo / Vuto | Kufotokozera ndi zifukwa | Njira zolimbana |
| Zikopa | Madera a bulauni 1-2 mm. | Chitani ndi Actellic (2 ml pa madzi okwanira 1 litre), kubwereza pambuyo masiku 5-10. |
| Zopatsa | Mikwingwirima ndi madontho pambali yamasamba masamba. | Gwiritsani ntchito Actellic chimodzimodzi, nadzatsuka ndi mtsinje wamadzi, chotsani masamba owonongeka. |
| Ma nsabwe | Masamba opindika, opindika. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono, translucent, 1-3 mm. | Pukutira mbewuyo ndi yankho la 3% ya fodya, phulusa, chlorophos. |
| Mealybug | Chikwangwani choyera pachomera, chofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje. | Dulani ndi kuwotcha ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwazo, m'malo mwake ndi pamwamba pamoto. |
| Masamba owoneka bwino | Kuwala kochulukirapo. | Sungani mphikawo pamalo abwino. |
| Masamba opaka, opindika, kufooka. | Kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chosakwanira. | Kuchepetsa kutentha. |
| Madontho a bulauni. | Kulowetsa dothi kapena madzi othirira. | Madzi okha ndi madzi, kutentha kwake komwe kumakhala kutentha kwa mpweya ndi + 2 ... +7 ° С. Sinthani kumalo otentha. |
Kuswana kwa Pteris
Mwina spores kapena kugawanika kwa rhizome pa kumuika. M'zipinda, njira yachiwiri yoberekera imakondedwa. Tchire chachikulire chimagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okulira, chifukwa sizingafanane ndi malo omwe masamba amakulira. Magawo owazidwa ndi malasha osweka, Delenki nthawi yomweyo adabzala.
Zomera sizongokongoletsa zokha, komanso zamankhwala. Mankhwala wowerengeka, Cretan kapena mitundu yambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. A decoction kuchokera ku gawo lililonse la chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokodza, matenda, khungu, poyizoni komanso kutupa. Kufunsira kwa dokotala kumafunika musanagwiritse ntchito.
