Bowa la Mukor: kufotokozera, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Kodi choopsa cha bowa ndi chiyani?

Atapeza chakudya chopanda nkhungu patebulo, anthu ochepa okha adzasangalala. Kwa anthu ambiri, izi ndi zosasangalatsa, koma zozizwitsa. Ngakhale kuti nkhungu yoyera, kapena bowa lakumor, si lophweka ngati ikuwonekera poyamba. Masiku ano padziko lapansi muli mitundu pafupifupi 60 ya chikhalidwe ichi. Ena aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito muntchito yawo, koma palinso ena omwe ali oopsa ku thanzi. Ndiyani bowa wosamvetsetseka mukor - mnzanu kapena mdani, yesani kuzilingalira.

Kufotokozera

Mukor - bowa la mtundu wa nkhungu, wochokera pa chakudya, nthaka, zinthu zakutchire zomwe zimayambira chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zawo. Panthawi yoyamba, ikuwoneka ngati mdima wonyezimira, choncho dzina lake lachiwiri ndi loyera.

Mukudziwa? Mu 1922 ku Igupto, kwa nthawi yoyamba, manda osadziwika a Farao adapezeka - kuikidwa m'manda kwa Tutankhamun. Ambiri mwa gulu la akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa webusaitiyi anafa patangotha ​​kanthawi kochepa atangotulukira. Mndandanda wa zochitika zosasangalatsa izi zinapangitsa mphekesera za temberero lomwe linafikira ochimwa a pharao. Komabe, m'chaka cha 1999, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo za ku Germany anapeza chifuwa chachikulu cha imfa: mzimayi m'manda anali ndi mtundu wapadera wa nkhungu, womwe kamodzi kokha m'thupi la munthu kupyolera m'mapapo opuma, unachititsa kuti anthu afe mwamsanga.

Pamene njuchiyo ikukula, mapangidwe a sporangia akuyamba kuberekanso bowa. Amapatsa mukor maluŵa kapena mtundu wa beige, ndipo nthawi ya kusasitsa kwathunthu imadetsedwa.

Chimanga chamakono

Pansi pa microscope, chipinda cha mucor chimawoneka chosangalatsa kwambiri. Maziko ake - mycelium, omwe ndi nthambi yaikulu ya selo ndi zambiri.

Pothandizidwa ndi ulusi woyera (hyphae) thupi ili limakhazikika m'nthaka. Mofanana ndi mizu yeniyeni, nthambizi zimakhala ndi nthambi, zikudutsa pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa mycelium. Nkhungu yomwe imawonekera kumaso ndi sporangiophores, tsitsi lomwe likukula kuchokera ku mycelium yaikulu.

Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda takhazikika pamtendere, ndiye kuti tsitsili lidzafika masentimita angapo m'litali. Pochita kusasitsa kwa mucor pa sporangiophores kuonekera sporangia - mabokosi okhala ndi spores kuti abereke.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino mndandanda wa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa ndi chakupha, komanso phunzirani momwe mungayang'anire bowa kuti mumvetse bwino ndi njira zodziwika.

Ngati panthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko mukuyang'ana bowa pansi pa microscope, ndiye kuti maonekedwe ake adzakhala ofanana ndi mtsamiro, wokhala ndi zikhomo. Choncho, bowa ichi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa capitate mold.

Pa siteji yotsiriza ya kukula mu ntchentche za sporangia, ndi spores zikwi zambiri, zokonzeka kupereka moyo kwa mibadwo yotsatira ya fungal colonies, imabalalitsidwa kumbali yonse. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, amatha kuwona ndi zipangizo zapadera.

Kuswana

Mukor amachulukitsa m'njira ziwiri:

• kugwiritsa ntchito mkangano. Polima, amafunikira zakudya zabwino, kutentha, kupeza chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino. Mipikisano yowonjezereka ikufalikira ndi magulu a mpweya;

Ndikofunikira! Ngati mikangano siili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino, ndiye kuti nthawi yayitali ikhonza kukhala yosalala, ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino. Ndipo pamene zinthu zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, zimamera mwamsanga, n'kupanga mycelium yatsopano.

• kugonana. Ngati nthaka yomwe ammera amakula silingathe kuzidyetsa, ndiye hyphae ya mycelium yosiyana imayamba kusintha, kugwirizana ndi mitu yawo, gametangia. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano uwu, zygote zophimbidwa ndi nsonga zimakhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo kusasitsa, chipolopolocho chimaphulika, kumasula kachirombo ka mycelium, kumene sporangia imabwera ndi spores kuti abereke. Ndipo mgwirizano wawo wokha umatsogolera ku kulengedwa kwa thupi lonse la bowa.

Mphamvu

Mudziko mulibe malo kulikonse komwe nkhungu yatha. Amapezeka pamakoma a atomic reactors, pa mabala a orbital, pa zakudya, nthaka ndi zinyalala. Kumene kuli kutentha, mvula ndipo pali chakudya, padzakhala bowa wa mukor. Ndipo zakudya zake ndizosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mkulu wa kalori.

Mukudziwa? Wokhumudwa poyamba, nkhungu ikhoza kuwononga njerwa, pulasitala ngakhale konkire.

Pamwamba pa mndandanda wa zokoma ndi mikate yoyera, mbatata, ndi zipatso zokoma. Bowa la Mukor pa mikate yoyera Malingana ndi mtundu wa chakudya, nkhungu imatchedwa saprotrophs - zamoyo zomwe zimayamwa zakudya kuchokera ku zamoyo zakufa.

Ndikofunikira! Matendawa amatha kupweteka ndi spores kapena kulowa mkati mwa bala pakhungu lopanda chitetezo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Mwa mitundu 60 ya mucor pali zothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa ndi chithandizo chawo:

• pangani tchizi. Kukonzekera kwa tofu ndi tempeh wotchuka, sourdough pamaziko a mucor amatengedwa, ndi marble ndi buluu tchizi amapangidwa chifukwa cha buluu "wolemekezeka" nkhungu;
• kuphika soseji. Zosangalatsa zoterozo zimakhala zofanana ku Italy ndi Spain, kumene kuli njira zamakono zopangira nyama. Malinga ndi iwo, soseji zimasungidwa kumtunda kwa mwezi, kumene zimaphimbidwa ndi nkhungu zoyera kapena zobiriwira. Kenaka processing yapadera ya mankhwala ikuchitika, ndipo patapita miyezi itatu iwo ali okonzekera ntchito yowonjezera;
• apange zakumwa za mbatata;
• pangani mankhwala. Kuchokera ku rammannian mucor kumapanga mtundu wapadera wa antibiotic - ramitsin.

Ngozi

Koma Mukor sizothandiza chabe. Zina mwa mitundu yake zikhoza kuvulaza thanzi la munthu. Zina mwa matenda odziwika kwambiri omwe amachititsa nkhungu ndi mucoromicosis. Kulowa mu thupi laumunthu, bowa limayambitsa ziwalo zamkati, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya zamoyo. Nyama zikhoza kutenga kachilomboka.

Pa mitundu 60, zisanu zokha ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, ndipo zina zambiri ndizoopsa kwa zinyama.

Bowa wotchuka kwambiri ndiwo: chanterelles, bowa woyera, ntchentche, honey agarics, volushki, ryadovki, mokhovik, bowa, mkaka ndi boletus.

Mukor, kapena nkhungu yoyera, ndi chilengedwe choyambirira chomwe chimakula mofulumira pamaso pa zikhalidwe zoyenera. Zina mwa mitundu yake zimalimidwa m'ma laboratories kuti zigwiritse ntchito pophika ndi popanga mankhwala. Koma kumalo okwimako kuchokera ku "zokongoletsa" zotere pamakoma, malo ndi katundu ayenera kutayidwa mwamsanga kuti athetse mavuto a thanzi.