Strawberries, kapena munda strawberries - imodzi ya yoyambirira chilimwe zipatso, maonekedwe omwe akuyembekezeredwa mwachidwi ndi ana ndi akulu. Choncho, eni a m'matawuni madera amakonda kwenikweni allocate osachepera malo ang'onoang'ono kuti kubzala kudya phwando yowutsa mudyo ndi wathanzi zipatso. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti, mwachitsanzo, pa mazana asanu ndi limodzi lalikulu mamita, muyenera kuyika mbewu zambiri momwe zingathekere kuti pali masamba, masamba anu, ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana patebulo. Komabe, malowa, monga akunenera, si rabala. Pankhaniyi, eni eni nyumba amayamba kuyang'ana mitundu ndi zokolola zambiri. Ngati tikulankhula za sitiroberi, ndiye izi ndizo zosiyanasiyana "Elsanta", zizindikiro za kulima zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa azisintha kukula munda strawberries chaka chonse - mu nyumba zinthu pa ofunda mabwalo. Kotero, yoyamba yokolola ya sitiroberi "Elsanta" silingasonkhanitsidwe mu June, koma mu December, pokongoletsa phwando la Chaka Chatsopano ndi zipatso zopangidwa kunyumba.
Mbiri ya kuswana strawberries mitundu "Elsanta"
Strawberry "Elsanta" inayamika chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa achi Dutch osati kale kwambiri - kusankha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kunachitika mu 1981. Anali chifukwa chodutsa mitundu iwiri - "Gorella" ndi "Holiday". Kuyambira apo, ndi makhalidwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya strawberries yerekezerani zonse. "Elsanta" ikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndipo ndiyeso, mtundu wokolola.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo yotchuka kwambiri "Elsanta" imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba - ku Holland ndi Belgium. Kumeneko amakula makamaka m'nkhalango zobiriwira.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Kotero tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mitundu yapadera ya sitiroberi "Elsanta", kuphunzira zambiri za izo kuchokera mufotokozedwe. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zipatso - iwo ali m'chikhalidwe ichi cha mawonekedwe ozungulira, aang'ono, ofiira owala kwambiri ndi varnished gloss. Mnofu wawo ndi wofiira, wambiri. Maonekedwe akuwoneka okongola kwambiri. Komabe, komanso kulawa - ndi okoma ndi pang'ono acidity, muli 7.3% shuga ndi 0.77% asidi. Zakudya za zipatso pa mchere zimayesedwa pazithunzi 4.7-5. Zili ndizing'ono - ali ndi kulemera kwa 45 g. Kulemera kwake kungapangidwe ku ubwino wawo waukulu. Zimayenda bwino ndipo zimasungidwa kutentha kutentha - mpaka masiku atatu. Zipatso mosavuta zimachotsa ku tsinde.
Mitengo imakula mpaka kukula kwa sing'anga, sinabalalika. Amabweretsa ndevu zing'onozing'ono komanso malo ogulitsira. Ubwino wa strawberries "Elsanta" ayenera kulembedwa, ndithudi, zopereka: Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 1.5 pa nyengo ndi 74 kg makilogalamu pa hekitala ya sitiroberi. Komanso yaitali nthawi fruiting.
Ubwino wina wa chomera ukutengedwa mkulu kutsutsa tizilombo matenda, chabwino kukana fungal kuphulika, verticillary kufuna. Kawirikawiri, zosiyanasiyana zingatchedwe kudzichepetsa - sizikutanthauza khama lina lililonse la chisamaliro komanso nthawi zonse feteleza.
Zina mwa zovuta za sitiroberi "Elsanta" - osauka yozizira hardiness (mpaka -14 ºС) ndi kukana kwa chilala, chifukwa cha mizu yovunda ndi powdery mildew.
Kalasiyi ndi yoyenera kulima pamalo otseguka komanso kutentha. Analimbikitsa kulima pakatikati ndi kumwera madera. Mpikisano wopitawo ndi zaka zinayi. Kutulutsa strawberries "Elsanta" - sing'anga.
Berry ndi chilengedwe chonse: oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, kupanga jams, jams, kuzizira.
Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala izi zosiyanasiyana ndi autumn, koma osati kale kuposa theka lachiwiri la September. Ngati mwasankha kubzala m'chaka, dikirani zipatso zazing'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Musayambe kubzala strawberries nyengo yotentha, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuuma ndi kuwononga mizu.Malo pamtunda musanadzalemo ayenera kukonzekera bwino: kulima, kuthyola mabala onse a dziko lapansi. Ndiye tsanulirani bwino ndikuchoka mu chikhalidwe ichi kwa tsiku. Pambuyo pake, kumasula nthaka ndi kupanga mabowo.
Mukamabzala nthaka mukhoza (koma osati) kumera organic kapena nitrogenous feteleza. Choncho, mchere wosakaniza bwino (3 kg / 1 sq. M), potassium chloride (10 g), superphosphate (30 g) amayamba kulowa m'mitsuko.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, nthaka pansi pa tchire iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi yokutidwa ndi mulch ku udzu wouma, humus, peat kapena kompositi. Mukamabzala motero, strawberries safuna fetereza mpaka fruiting nthawi.
Strawberry kubzala dongosolo "Elsanta"
Njira yabwino yobzala chifukwa chosiyanazi ndi njira ziwiri - 30 × 30. Kutalika pakati pa mabowo pamene masamba akufika ayenera kuti asiye masentimita 25, pakati pa mizera - 40 masentimita Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya kubzala makina awiri: 80 × 30 × 30. Ma strawberries a Elsanta amabzalidwa mozama masentimita 8.
Bzalani strawberries makamaka nyengo yamvula.
Agrotechnics kukula strawberries mitundu "Elsanta"
Popeza chilala kulekerera sitiroberi "Elsanta" ndi m'malo otsika, Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kutengedwa ngati kuthirira. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzitha kuthira nthaka m'mwezi woyamba mutabzala. Sabata loyamba la kuthirira liyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo pake - nambala yawo ndi voliyumu yachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Pa nthawi ya fruiting, nthaka imathiriridwa pokhapokha ngati imalira mosavuta. M'nyengo yotentha, njirayi imapangidwa kamodzi mu masiku 4-5, pogwiritsira ntchito 8-10 malita a madzi pa 1 mita imodzi. m) Mu nthawi zowuma kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu, strawberries amafunika kuthirira mowa, komanso malo osungira dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Popanda kuwonjezera madzi okwanira ndi kuzizira + 35-40 ºC ikhoza kukhala yoopsa kwa strawberries.Ntchito zothandizira sitiroberi zimaphatikizaponso kumasula nthaka. Ikuchitika kamodzi pa masiku 10-15. Komanso musaiwale za kuwonongeka kwa namsongole kwa nthawi yake.
Wamaluwa samalimbikitsa feteleza izi zosiyanasiyana. Chokhacho chingakhoze kupangidwa kokha kwa chaka chachitatu cha moyo.
Ndikofunikira! Mbali yodabwitsa ya kalasi ya "Elsanta" ndiyo mphamvu yake yovuta. Ngati sichikulire feteleza mu nyengo yoyamba, mabulosi amatha kudzipangira okhakhakha ndikukhazikika.
Ngati inu mukufunabe manyowa strawberries, "Elsante" adzakhala awiri okwanira - m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Kuvala kwapakati kumachitika pamene chisanu chimasungunuka ndipo nyengo yozizira imatha. Manyowa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imeneyi ayenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni okwanira.Yophukira strawberries ndi umuna mu September. Gwiritsani ntchito organic, mineral, mixing, feteleza wobiriwira, yophika ndi manja anu, kapena feteleza ovuta kwa strawberries, ogulitsidwa mu sitolo yapadera.
Pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza feteleza, munthu ayenera kusamalitsa kwambiri ndi kuthirira madzi kokha kuti ateteze njira zopezera masamba. Ndiponso Musasunthe mlingo, kuti musawononge strawberries.
Kukonzekera strawberries "Elsanta" m'nyengo yozizira
Popeza zosiyanasiyana ndi thermophilic ndipo sizimapereka chisanu, gawo lofunika la kusamalira mbewu lidzakhala likukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Ntchito yophukira imaphatikizapo kudulira masamba ndi nthaka mulching. Kuwonjezera apo, mu kugwa musayime kuthirira zomera, chifukwa mu September nthawi zambiri nyengo imakhala yotentha komanso yozizira. Ndiyeneranso kutenga njira zothandizira tizirombo ndi matenda pamene zimachitika ndikuchotsa ziwalo zowonongeka ndi zowola.
Kodi ndikufunika kudula masamba a sitiroberi? Funso ili liribe yankho lolondola. Otsutsa njirayi amatsimikizira kuti munthu amasokoneza njira zowonjezera zakuthupi za mbewu za mabulosi ndipo, motero, zimavulaza. Amatsutsana maganizo awo ndi kuti strawberries omwe ali ndi masamba abwino amapulumuka nthawi yozizira mosavuta, monga momwe amathandizira kuteteza mphukira ku chisanu. Othandizira kuchotsa masamba kuti awononge nyengo yachisanu kudulira kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola chaka chamawa.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti njirayi ndi yoyenera, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kudulira bwino, kuti musamavulaze mbewu. Pambuyo pa fruiting, masamba a sitiroberi amadulidwa ndi lumo kapena mitsetse. Ndibwino kuti muzichita izo mu August. Dulani kokha tsamba la masamba. Ndikofunika kuchoka zimayambira bwino kuti zisamawonongeke pazomwe zikukula. Zitsulo zonsezi zimachotsedwanso.
Ena ali ndi mabedi a sitiroberi panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi kudulira mitengo yotsekemera ndi kukwera mapiri.
Kenaka, mabedi amathirira madzi ambiri ndipo amadula nthaka. Peat, phulusa singano, masamba owuma, ndi udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch. Musamachotsere namsongole mu kugwa, ndi bwino kusiya njirayi masika. Panthawi imeneyi, sakhalanso owopsa kwa strawberries, koma akachotsedwa, mukhoza kuwononga mizu ya zomera zomwe ziribe nthawi yobwezeretsa m'nyengo yozizira.
"Elsantu" amatanthauza. Malo ogona abwino a conifers, udzu, masamba owuma, nsonga. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera (agrotex, spunbond, etc.) ndi kuchuluka kwa 60 g / sq. m. Iwo amatambasulidwa ku arc. Posankha malo okhalako, chisankho chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa lapnik, chomwe chimapuma bwino komanso salola mabulosi a sitiroberi kuti aphule.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti malo ogona ayenera kuchitika kokha pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba. Izi zidzalola kuti chomera chiumitse.
Ngati muli kufunafuna zabwino zomwe mungapangire munda wa strawberries, tikukulangizani kuti musankhe sitiroberi "Elsanta", kukwera ndi kusamalira zomwe sizikukupatsani mavuto. Koma kuchuluka kwa zokolola kudzasangalala kwambiri.
