Nyama zambiri ndi nyama za ng'ombe ku Russia

Ng'ombe zonse zomwe zili ndi khalidwe labwino zimagawanika kukhala nyama, mkaka ndi zosakaniza.

Nkhaniyi imanena za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mkaka ndi ng'ombe za ng'ombe zomwe zinagwedezeka m'madera otseguka a Russia.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe ndi mkaka ku Russia

Mkaka ndi nyama ya ng'ombe nthawi zonse zimaonedwa ngati chakudya chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu. Gome ili m'munsi likuwonetsa zizindikiro za mkaka ndi ng'ombe za anthu a ku Russia omwe ali ndi zaka zapitazi (malinga ndi Ministry of Agriculture):

Mbuzi za ng'ombe za mkaka

Ng'ombe za mkaka zimatengedwa kuti ndizochita zowoneka bwino komanso zogwira mtima pakati pa zinyama zomwe zimapangitsa mkaka: mu lactation imodzi, mkaka wamtundu umene ali nawo ndi wolemera kwambiri kulemera kwake kwa moyo. Kenaka, tikambirana za ng'ombe zabwino kwambiri.

Ayrshire

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za Ayrshire zimachokera ku Scotland, Ayrshire. Anayambira m'zaka za zana la XVIII-XIX, pamene obereketsa, pofuna kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, anadutsa ng'ombe zotsatirazi kwa zaka zana:

• Tisvaterskie;
• alderney;
• Dutch

Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire ng'ombe za Ayrshire kunyumba.

Mtundu umenewu unalembedwa mwalamulo mu 1862. Zochitika kunja Nyama za Ayrshire:

• mtundu wofiira ndi woyera;
• thupi limapangidwira, ndikumanga mwamphamvu;
• molunjika, kumbuyo;
• chozama, chofufumitsa;
• ziwalo zosakaniza ndi mafupa oonda;
• mutu wapakati;
• nyanga zazikulu zazingwe, zopatulidwa;
• khosi laling'ono;
• Sungani bwino miyendo ndi ziboda zolimba;
• udder woboola ngati utoto ndi zikopa zazikulu;
• kulemera: ng'ombe - kuposa 475 kg, ng'ombe - zopitirira 750 kg;
• kutalika - 125 cm.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Chokolola chaka chilichonse ndi 6000-7000 makilogalamu.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.8-4.0%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.4-3.6%.
4. Zosangalatsa zili pamwamba.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2.0 kg / min.

Ndikofunikira! Posankha ng'ombe za mkaka, nkofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe nkhumba zimakhalira: Anthu opindulitsa kwambiri amakhala ndi udzu waukulu wodzaza ndi mfuti yofewa ndi mitsempha yowopsya, yomwe imatha kuchepa kwambiri, ndikupanga khungu lakumbuyo.

Golshtinsky

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za Holstein zomwe zinalembedwanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ku United States. Zisanachitike, kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, ng'ombe zofiira ndi zofiira zamtundu wambiri zomwe zinali ndi mkaka wambiri zimatumizidwa ku continent kuchokera pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Chifukwa cha ochita kafukufuku omwe akhala akuyesetsa kukonza mkaka, mtunduwu unabzalidwa, womwe lero umatchedwa Holstein.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Holstein:

• suti yakuda yakuda, - yofiira ndi motley;
• Thupi lopangidwa mozama ndi lakali;
• zazikulu ndi zazikulu mapewa;
• kumbuyo kumbuyo;
• udder - chokhala ngati chikho, chachikulu;
• kutalika kumafota - mpaka 145 cm;
• kulemera - 1000-1200 kg;
• nyanga - palibe.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Zokolola zapachaka - 7300 makilogalamu.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.8%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.6%.
4. Zosangalatsa ndizowerengeka.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2.5 kg / min.

Werengani zambiri zokhudza zomwe zimaweta ng'ombe za Holstein.

Dutch

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za ku Dutch zinalengedwa ndi abambo Achi Dutch zaka zoposa 300 zapitazo chifukwa cha kuswana koyera. Oimira mtunduwo adabweretsedwa ku mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo amachitidwa ngati maziko oweta ziweto izi:

• Ayrshire;
• Istobenska;
• Tagil.

Nkhanza za ku Dutch ndi kuyamba koyambirira, insemination ikhoza kuchitika mu miyezi 14.5-18.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri za ng'ombe za ku Netherlands.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Dutch:

• suti - wakuda ndi motley, ndi "mikanda" yoyera kumbuyo kwa mapewa;
• zazikulu, zofanana ndi thupi ndi malamulo amphamvu ndi minofu yamphamvu;
• miyendo yayitali;
• mthunzi wofanana ndi mbale, wokhala ndi zida zabwino;
• chotsitsa;
• wathanzi ndi wowongoka mmbuyo;
• chachikulu ndi chifuwa;
• miyendo yayitali pa scythe - 157 cm;
• kutalika kwafota - 133 cm;
• Ng'ombe ya ng'ombeyi ndi 550-750 kg, ng'ombeyi-700-1000 makilogalamu.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Zokolola za pachaka ndi 3500-4500 makilogalamu.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.8-4%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.3-3.5%.
4. Zosangalatsa zili pamwamba.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2.3 kg / min.

Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero cha mphete pa nyanga za ng'ombe chimatha kufotokoza kangati ng'ombe yomwe yakhala nayo mu moyo wake, ndipo motero mumadziwa zaka za chiweto. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwerenga chiwerengero cha mphete ndi kuwonjezera zaka ziwiri kwa iwo (nthawi yomwe ng'ombeyo imakhalapo asanayambe kuika).

Jersey

Mbiri yosokoneza: Zinyama za mtundu umenewu zinabzalidwa ku chilumba cha Jersey (English Channel). Ngakhale kuti palibe chidziwitso chodalirika ponena za chiyambi chake, kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, obereketsa anabweretsa buku lothandizira mtunduwu. Lero, mtundu uwu unayamba kukondana ndi obereketsa ambiri ndipo unayamba kufalikira. Zochitika kunja jersey ng'ombe:

• thupi;
• mzere wa concave kumbuyo;
• mapiri apansi;
• mutu wawung'ono ndi mphumi waukulu, mbiri ya concave, popanda nyanga;
• khosi loonda m'mapanga;
• chifuwa chakuya ndi chiwindi;
• Kudyetsa kosayenera kwa chingwe ndi mchira woukweza;
• chikho chachikulu;
• miyendo yam'mbuyo yambuyo;
• kuwala kofiira kapena mtundu wofiira;
• khosi ndi miyendo yamdima kumbuyo - ndi mzere wakuda (mwa amuna);
• ng'ombe yaikulu - 650-750 makilogalamu, ng'ombe - 400-450 kg;
• kutalika kwafota - 123 cm

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Chokolola chaka chilichonse ndi 4000-5000 makilogalamu.
2. Mafuta ali okhutira -4-5%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.5-3.7%.
4. Zosangalatsa - mkaka wapamwamba kwambiri, ndi fungo losangalatsa ndi kulawa.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2.2 kg / min.

Mwinamwake mukukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza zomwe zimachitika ng'ombe za Jersey.

Nthambi yofiira

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe zoterezi zinapangidwa kum'mwera kwa Ukraine m'zaka za zana la XVIII chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa mitundu yotsatirayi ya ng'ombe:

• chithunzi;
• chofiira Ostfriesland;
• choyimitsa;
• Simmental;
• mitundu ina.

Nkhosa yofiira, monga mtundu wodziimira, unasankhidwa kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.

Zochitika kunja Freenka:

• sutiyo ndi yofiira, yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu, nthawi zina ndi mawanga oyera;
• thupi losakanikirana ndi mafupa owonda ndi opepuka;
• kutalika kwa thupi - 155 cm;
• kumbuyo kuli kutalika ndi kathyathyathya;
• nsagwada zazikulu;
• chifuwa ndi chakuya;
• Mutu wautali, wamphongo wochepetsedwa ndi nyanga zakuda;
• khosi laling'ono ndi losalala;
• miyendo yabwino, yolondola;
• udder ndi wawukulu, wozungulira;
• kutalika kwake - 126-130 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 500-700 makilogalamu.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Chokolola chaka chilichonse ndi 4000-5000 makilogalamu.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.7%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.2-3.5%.
4. Zosangalatsa - mkaka wabwino, fungo ndi kukoma - zosangalatsa.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2 kg / min.

Mukudziwa? Pa nthawi ya Attila, wolamulira wa Huns, ankhondo ake amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambirira yosungira ndi kuphika nyama yamphongo: ndi kusintha kwanthawi yaitali, amaika nyama yamphongo m'thumba, kuchititsa kuti mankhwalawo amenyedwe ndi kutaya madzi, ndipo thukuta la akavalo limawaza bwino.

Black ndi motley

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe zofiira ndi zoyera zinkawonekera chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa a Dutch breeders, omwe adagwira ntchito kuti apeze zokolola m'zaka za m'ma XVIII-XIX ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotsatira ya ng'ombe zowombeka:

• Dutch;
• Ostfrizian

Chifukwa cha kubereketsa, ng'ombe inali ndi zizindikiro zabwino za mkaka, koma sizimalekanitsidwa ndi malamulo okhwimitsa komanso odwala matenda. Pakafika zaka za m'ma 1900, ntchito ya oweta anawoneka bwino, ndipo lero ziweto zakuda ndi zofiira zimadziwika ndi thanzi labwino komanso kumanga mwamphamvu.

Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire kusamalira ng'ombe zamtundu wakuda.

Zochitika kunja ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera:

• khungu lakuda ndi malo oyera;
• thupi lamphamvu;
• thupi;
• mutu wautali ndi mfuti yambiri;
• mdima wakuda;
• wamkati, wopanda minofu, khosi lopindika;
• chifuwa chamkati;
• nsanamira wolunjika ndi rump lalikulu;
• zolimba komanso miyendo;
• mimba yamkuntho;
• udzu wooneka ngati chikho ndi ma lobes osasinthika (mazira apamwamba omwe amakhala pafupi);
• kutalika - 130-132 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 650-1000 makilogalamu.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Zokolola za pachaka zimachokera ku 3,000 mpaka 8,000 kg.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.7%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.0-3.3%.
4. Zosangalatsa - mkaka wamtengo wapatali ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2.1 kg / min.

Kholmogorskaya

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe ya Kholmogor ndi mtundu wakale komanso wobiriwira kwambiri wa mkaka. Iye amabwera kuchokera ku Russia (kuchokera ku dera la Arkhangelsk). Chiyambi cha chiyambi chake chingalingalire theka lachiwiri la XVII - theka lachiwiri la zaka XVIII. Mtunduwu uli ndi kufanana ndi maonekedwe a black-motley, koma ali ndi zovuta pang'ono za mitundu ndi minofu yochepa.

Zochitika kunja Kholmogor mtundu:

• suti - wakuda ndi woyera, wofiira ndi motley, wofiira kapena wakuda;
• mutu wapakati ndi mzati wopapatiza;
• khosi laling'ono;
• zogwirizana, zolekanitsa, zamphamvu ndi zowonongeka thupi lopangidwa ndi mpumulo wotukuka;
• kubwerera mmbuyo ndi chipsinjo chakuthwa;
• bulu wamphongo ndi rump;
• chifuwa ndi kuchepa pang'ono;
• Kupakati kwapakati kufanana ndi udder ndi cylindrical nipples;
• khungu ndi lakuda ndi zotanuka;
• miyendo yokwera ndi yolimba;
• kutalika - 130-135 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 550-1200 kg.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Chokolola chaka chilichonse ndi 3500-5000 makilogalamu.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.6-3.8%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.3-3.5%.
4. Zosangalatsa - mkaka wamtengo wapatali ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 1.9 kg / min.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupeza ng'ombe, ng'ombe zimayenera kusungidwa pa udzu, osati mafuta.

Yaroslavskaya

Mbiri yosokoneza: Chiyambi cha ng'ombe za Yaroslavl chinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ku Yaroslavl m'chigawo cha Russia (komwe boma la Russia linkapezeka), kumene ng'ombe zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso zofooka zimatengedwa monga maziko a ntchito yobereketsa ng'ombe ya Yaroslavl. Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Yaroslavl:

• Thupi laling'ono, lokhazikika komanso louma, ndi minofu yopanda bwino;
• mdima wakuda ndi mutu woyera, miyendo yochepa, mimba ndi udder;
• mphukira zakuda kuzungulira maso;
• mutu wautali, wopapatiza ndi nyali zochepa, zowunikira za sing'anga makulidwe ndi kutalika;
• mdima wakuda;
• woonda, wautali wautali;
• chofuwa;
• lalikulu, mimba yozungulira;
• nsanjika yoyenda molunjika ndi ndodo yopingasa yong'amba;
• khungu lofewa lopanda mafuta;
• zochepa miyendo ndi ziwalo zazikulu;
• udder ndi wawukulu ndi wopangidwa, ndi nsonga zautali, zophimbidwa ndi madzi;
• kutalika - 125-127 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 460-1200 kg.

Zizindikiro zothandiza:

1. Zokolola za pachaka ndi 4500 makilogalamu.
2. Zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta - 3.8-4%.
3. Mapuloteni - 3.4-3.7%.
4. Zosangalatsa - mkaka wabwino kwambiri.
5. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa lactation ndi 2.0 kg / min.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge zambiri za ng'ombe za Yaroslavl.

Nyama zoweta ng'ombe ku Russia

Ng'ombe za mtundu wa nyama, njira zakuthupi za thupi zimayesetsa kumanga minofu pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya moyenera. Mu ziweto zamtundu uwu, mkaka ulibe wapamwamba ndipo cholinga chake ndi kudyetsa ana. M'munsimu muli zowoneka mwachidule zinyama zakutchire.

Aberdeen-Angus

Mbiri yosokoneza: Aberdeen-Angus ng'ombe zoweta zimachokera ku Scotland, kuchokera ku zigawo za Aberdeen ndi Angus, kumene ali m'zaka za m'ma 1900 azamalonda amayesa kukonza nyama zakutchire. Masiku ano, ng'ombe za Aberdeen-Angus, chifukwa cha zizindikiro zawo, zimafalitsidwa pafupifupi makontinenti onse.

Zochitika kunja Aberdeen Angus ng'ombe:

• sutiyo ndi yofiira kapena yakuda;
• mutu wolemera, komolaya (wopanda nyanga);
• Thupi liri lonse, ndi maonekedwe abwino a nyama ndi mafuta;
• mzere wapamwamba ndi wathyathyathya;
• mafupa ofooka (18% polemera);
• khosi lalifupi limaphatikizana ndi mapewa ndi mutu;
• bwino sacrum ndi kutali;
• minofu yabwino kwambiri yamtundu;
• zotupa, zoonda, zosasunthika khungu;
• miyendo yopangidwa ndi sabata;
• miyendo yayitali pa scythe - 138-140 cm;
• kutalika - 125-150 cm;
• kulemera - kuchokera ku 500 mpaka 1000 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera ndi 750-800 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 63%.

Phunzirani momwe mungasamalirire ng'ombe za Aberdeen-Angus.

Galloway

Mbiri yosokoneza: Gallow ng'ombe ndi imodzi mwa akale kwambiri osati ku UK, koma padziko lonse lapansi. Mapangidwe a mtunduwu adayamba m'zaka za zana la 17, pamene obereketsa ochokera kumpoto kwa Scotland anayesera kuti ziweto zizikhala bwino.

Zochitika kunja Galleve ng'ombe:

• mtundu - wakuda, nthawizina wofiira kapena imvi;
• tsitsi lakuda, lalifupi mpaka 20 cm;
• mafupa olimba;
• thupi lowonjezera la mbiya;
• mutu wamfupi ndi wawukulu;
• nyanga palibe;
• Kuphatikizidwa, khosi lalifupi ndi chida chokwanira cha occipital;
• chifuwa chachikulu (girth - mpaka mamita 2);
• kutalika - mpaka 145 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 550-1000 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupatsa ulemu kwa kulemera kwalemera ndi 850-1000 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 65-70%.

Ndikofunikira! Kuchita bwino kwa ng ombe za ng'ombe zimadalira kokha kuswana, kachipangizo, chinyama, chowona zanyama ndi zinthu za bungwe.

Hereford

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za ku Hereford zinabadwira ku England (Herefordshire) m'zaka za zana la 18. Izi zinachokera ku ziweto zofiira zakumwera chakumadzulo kwa dzikoli, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kupeza nyama monga gwero la nyama ndi nkhumba.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Hereford:

• suti - mdima wofiira;
• mutu woyera, khosi, miyendo yochepa ndi burashi ya caudal;
• nyanga - zoyera, ndi m'mphepete mwa mdima;
• malaya, thupi lopangidwa ndi mbiya, lonse;
• khungu lakuda;
• kumayenda mwamphamvu;
• miyendo - yokhazikika, yochepa;
• udder - wofatsa;
• kutalika kwa thupi limodzi ndi scythe - 153 cm;
• kutalika - 125 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 650-1350 kg.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera ndi 800-1250 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 58-70%.

Whitehead ya Kazakh

Mbiri yosokoneza: Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, obereketsa ku Kazakhstan ndi South-East ku Russia anagwidwa ndi ng'ombe yoyera ya Kazakh, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Mona;
• Kalmyk;
• Kazakh.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa, ng'ombe zazikulu zoyera za Kazakh zinalandira miyeso yambiri ya nyama ndi kupirira kwa makolo oyambirira.

Werengani zambiri za ng'ombe zoyera za ku Kazakh.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe zoyera ku Kazakh:

• sutiyo ndi yofiira, ndipo mutu, chiwindi, mimba, miyendo, ndi msuzi mchira ndi zoyera;
• mafupa amphamvu ali ndi minofu yabwino;
• thupi - ngati mzere;
• chapansi - cholimba, chikuwongolera;
• mifupi, miyendo yamphamvu;
• zotupa khungu ndi mafuta;
• chovala chofiira ndi chofewa m'chilimwe, ndi m'nyengo yozizira - yaitali, wandiweyani ndi wopota;
• kutalika - 130 cm;
• kutalika kwa thupi la oblique - 155-160 masentimita;
• kulemera kwake - 580-950 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera ndi 800 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 55-65%.

Kalmyk

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za Kalmyk zinafalikira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ziweto kwa nthawi yaitali, kotchedwa Kalmyk nomads kumadzulo kwa dziko la Mongolia.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Kalmyk:

• Mtundu - wofiira ndi mithunzi yosiyana, nthawizina umakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera kumbuyo ndi mzere woyera pambali;
• mutu wowala ndi nyanga wofufumidwa ndi crescent;
• Mphuno yamphongo ndi yofota;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• chifuwa ndizomwe zili zovuta;
• khungu lakuda biwiri;
• nthiti zazikulu;
• Thupi lokhazikitsa malamulo ndi malamulo amphamvu;
• kumbuyo kuli kwakukulu;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• miyendo ndi ya kutalika kwake, yamphamvu, yosankhidwa bwino;
• tchire;
• kutalika kwa thupi - 160 cm;
• kutalika - 128 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 500-900 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupatsa ulemu kwa kulemera kwalemera kumapitirira 1000 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 57-65%.

Limousine

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za Limousin zinalengedwa m'zaka za XVIII-XIX. chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa azimayi a ku France ochokera ku chigawo cha Limousin, akugwiritsa ntchito ziweto za m'deralo.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za limousine:

• suti - wofiira, wofiira-golide, wofiira-bulauni ndi mthunzi wakuda m'mimba;
• mutu wamfupi ndi mphuno;
• thupi lopangidwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe a nyama;
• kuchepetsa pang'ono kwa minofu ya adipose;
• mafupa owonda;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• mutu wamfupi ndi mphumi yaikulu;
• khungu, lalifupi, kupyola mu chifuwa chachikulu;
• nthiti zazing'ono;
• miyendo yolimba, yaifupi;
• nyanga ndi ziboda za mthunzi wowala;
• kalirole wamkati ndi maso ali malire mokwanira;
• udder - wosasinthika;
• kutalika - 140 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 580-1150 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupusa kwa phindu la phindu - mpaka 900 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 65-70%.

Mukudziwa? Sangweji ya nyama ya sandwich imatcha dzina lake wotchuka wotchedwa Card Sandwich, yemwe amasewera masewera, kuti asasambane manja ake, aziika magawo a nyama pakati pa magawo awiri a mkate.

Santa Gertrude

Mbiri yosokoneza: Santa-hertruda ng'ombe zoweta zinapangidwa pakati pa zaka XX. alimi ochokera ku boma la United States la Texas ku munda wa dzina lomwelo dzina lake Santa Gertrude. Ntchito yodzigwiritsira ntchito inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu ina ya ng'ombe:

• chiyankhulo;
• phanga lalifupi

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Santa-Hertruda:

• Mtundu - chitumbuwa chofiira, nthawi zina pali zizindikiro zoyera pansi pa mimba;
• thupi ndi lalikulu, lonse, lofanana ndi nyama;
• kumutu ndi makutu akugwa;
• chifuwa chakuya chimakhala ndi madzi ambiri;
• chotsalira;
• Amuna omwe amafota ali ndi phokoso;
• khosi m'mapanga;
• miyendo yamphamvu ndi youma;
• chovala chofiira ndi chowala;
• kulemera kwake - 760-1000 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupatsa ulemu kwa kulemera kwalemera ndi 800 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 63-65%.

Sharolezskaya

Mbiri yosokoneza: Charolais mtundu umachokera mu XVIII atumwi, pamene French obereketsa anachita kuswana ng'ombe ndi nyama makhalidwe ndi precocity. Mu ntchito yawo, iwo adatenga maziko osiyanasiyana:

• ziweto kuchokera ku Charolais;
• Simmental;
• phanga lalifupi.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Charolais:

• Zotsatira: ng'ombe - zoyera-imvi, ng'ombe - mdima wakuda;
• mutu wamfupi;
• mphukira;
• kupweteka kwa madzi;
• thupi lolemera komanso lalikulu, pali mafuta ochepa thupi;
• chovala choyera;
• kumbuyo kuli kwakukulu;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• ham;
• molongosola bwino miyendo;
• Nsomba ndi nyanga zili ndi mthunzi wa sera;
• kutalika kwake - 135-150 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 750-1100 kg.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kupatsa ulemu kwa kulemera kwalemera ndi 800 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 60-70%.

Shorthorn

Mbiri yosokoneza: Zofuula - imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha nyanga zazing'ono. Inayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1800 kumpoto chakummawa kwa England.

Kwa izi, ng'ombe zotsatiridwazi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• ng'ombe zamphongo zazing'ono;
• Galloway;
• Dutch

Ndibwino kuti mudziwe za zochitika za kusamalira ng'ombe zamtundu wa shorthorn.

Zochitika kunja Ng'ombe za Shorthorn:

• Chofiira-motley, choyera choyera m'mabokosi apansi, miyendo, mimba ndi hams;
• thupi lopangidwa ndi mbiya lokhala ndi minofu yabwino;
• chochepa, chopepuka mutu pamphumi;
• nyanga zofiira, zokhota;
• wandiweyani, khosi lalifupi;
• chachikulu, chifuwa;
• Kutalika kwakukulu kumafota;
• khungu lofewa;
• zofewa, ubweya wokhoma;
• Mzere wolunjika wa kumbuyo ndi chiuno;
• bwino, zifupi, miyendo yamphamvu;
• kutalika - 130 cm;
• kulemera kwake - 600-950 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino:

1. Poyamba kulemera - mpaka 1200 g / tsiku.
2. Kupha nyama zokolola - 68-70%.

Kutsirizitsa ndondomeko ya mitundu yabwino ya mkaka ndi zinyama, timatsindika kuti mitundu yonse ya ng'ombe zomwe tatchulidwa pamwambazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti zikhale zofunikira m'madera otseguka a Russian ndi kupereka zokwanira zokwanira za nyama ndi mkaka, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri kudya bwino ndi zinyama zabwino.