Lupine ngati siderat - liti kubzala ndi kuyika m'manda

Ambiri wamaluwa, atayesa njira zambiri ndi njira, adabwererabe ku njira zakale ndikutsimikiziridwa zobwezeretsanso zakudya za nthaka m'nthaka - mothandizidwa ndi mbewu. Siderat yotchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse idawonedwa kuti lupine, tsopano kutchuka kwake kwayamba kuwonjezekanso. Kuphatikiza apo, zimangobweretsa zabwino pamunda wamaluwa, komanso zimawoneka bwino pakamasamba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito lupine kumunda

Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito lupine wapachaka monga siderat. Odziwika kwambiri ndi oyera, achikaso komanso opendekera. Kufunikira kwa mitunduyi kukufotokozedwa ndikuti ali ndi mizu yozika mizu yomwe imalowa mu kuya kwa 2 metres kulowa m'munsi mwa nthaka, komanso kuti ali ndi mabakiteriya okonza ma nodule omwe amalowetsa nayitrogeni kuchokera kumlengalenga ndikumadzaza nawo nthaka.

Maonekedwe a Lupins

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kompositi, mchere ndi michere zimaperekedwa ndikuziunjikira m'nthaka kuchokera ku lupine. Kutsegulira dothi kumachitika ndipo michere ya anaerobic imawonongeka.

Mu buluu wachikasu ndi wachikasu, pali ma alkaloids ambiri omwe amabweza tizirombo ndikuwononga mitundu ya bowa ndi mabakiteriya, amachepetsa acidity ya nthaka, amasintha kukhala osaloledwa kapena pang'ono pang'ono.

Zomwe dothi zimafunika kubzala

Ngati pafupifupi michere yonse yatsanulidwa mu dothi (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ngati dothi lamchenga), kapena kupanga zipatso za nightshade kumachepa kwambiri chifukwa chakutha kwa nthaka, ndiye chifukwa chake ndibwino kubzala lupine. Chomera ndichabwino dothi losauka komanso lopanda kanthu, nthaka yosagwirizana komanso loam mchenga.

Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, lupine imatha kulemera ndi michere, nayitrogeni ndikuwonjezera chonde mu dothi lina, kuti mutha kudzala bwino chomera pamalowo. Potere, nthawi yake iyenera kusankhidwa munthawi iliyonse, kutengera kutaya kwa nthaka.

Zomwe mbewu zikuyenera kubzala lupine wapachaka

Olima masamba omwe amadziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kubzala manyowa obiriwira wobiriwira usanazolowere, mbewu zamphesa ndi sitiroberi zamtchire. Komanso, mbewuyo ndiyotsogola wabwino kwa sitiroberi, rasipiberi, gooseberries, plums, yamatcheri, mbatata, nkhaka, tomato ndi tsabola. Chifukwa cha izi, zokolola zimachulukitsa kangapo poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro wamba.

Kuchepetsa acidity nthaka ndi lupine

Ndi mitundu yanji ya lupine yoyenera udindo wa feteleza wobiriwira

Anthu ena okhala chilimwe amasamala lupine, ngati siderata. Ali ndi mantha kuti mutabzala mbewuzo zimakhala zovuta kuswana. Lingaliroli limachitika chifukwa chakuti ambiri chomerachi chimalumikizidwa ndi lupine yosatha kapena yamtchire, yomwe imapezeka m'minda yosatha. Poterepa, zimafalikira podzilimbitsa, ndipo ma colizome amatenga zigawo zatsopano.

Komabe, sikofunikira kuti mubzale osatha monga siderat. Makamaka pazolinga izi, pali mitundu ya pachaka yomwe, ngakhale imabzala ndi njere, sizimayambitsa mavuto ndikutchetcha kwakanthawi. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi lupine yopapatiza, chikasu, choyera ndi zoyera.

Lupine wokhala ndi masamba owala (buluu)

Chimodzi mwamitundu yopanda kunyada. Chomera sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndipo chimalekerera kutentha pang'ono komanso ngakhale kuzizira. Ngakhale mayina, lupine uyu sangakhale wabuluu kokha, komanso lilac, komanso pinki ndi yoyera. Zomera zimafikira mita imodzi ndi theka.

Zosiyanasiyana zopindika-zopendekera kapena zamtambo

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya lupine yopapatiza ndi:

• Crystal
• Shift.
• Nemchinovsky buluu.
• Siderat 38.

Amaberekedwanso ngati chakudya chowotcha, koma adalandira zambiri monga ochepa. Mwa mitundu yonseyi, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri ndi Siderat 38, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi feteleza wamoyo, chifukwa cha zinthu zapadera zomwe zili pamizu.

Blue lupine ngati siderate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito, osati chifukwa cha katundu wake, komanso kukula kwake msanga, kukana kuzizira, kulowa kwakuya kwa mizu, kumasula ndi kukweza kwa zigawo zamtunda wapamwamba ndi nayitrogeni.

Lupine chikasu (Lupinus luteus)

Zomera zamtunduwu ndizotsika, sizimakula kuposa mita imodzi ndi inflorescence yofanana ndi spikelet ya kuwala kwa lalanje kapena mtundu wachikaso. Poyerekeza ndi lupine wabuluu, ndi thermophilic, koma nthawi imodzimodzi imatha kupilira chisanu mpaka -6 ° C. Kuti chomera chikhale bwino, mpofunika kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kuzikhala kutentha kwa 12 ° C. Nthawi yakulima, lupins amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi mwadongosolo. Imakula bwino pamiyala yamchenga komanso pamchenga wamchenga.

Mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika kuti ndi yodziwika bwino:

• Chakudya.
• Gorodnensky.
• Torch.
• Siderat 892.
• Cholinga 369.

Lupinus luteus

White Lupine (Lupinus albus)

Chaka chilichonse chimakula mpaka mita imodzi ndipo imawonedwa ngati chomera chapadera. White lupine ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, chifukwa cha masamba ake otambalala ndi maluwa oyera oyera. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chabwino cha nyama. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni omwe amatha kupukusa mosavuta, lupine yoyera imaposa mbewu zamiyendo.

Kupulumutsidwa kokha kwa lupins kumaganiziridwa ngati dothi losauka. Ndodo yake yamphamvu imalowera mu dothi, ndikutulutsa ndikufufuza zinthu ndi michere kuchokera pamenepo, ndikudzaza dothi nawo.

White lupine siderat, monga mitundu ina yonse, ili ndi mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Gamma
• Desniansky.
• Degas.

Ubwino wolima lupine yoyera ndikuti imakhala yoyera panthaka, imafunikira feteleza wadongosolo komanso kuvala pamwamba, koma imagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilala.

Lupinus albus

Lupine pachaka njere zoyera

Chomera chosalemekezereka, chachitali komanso chamaluwa onunkhira komanso masamba akuluakulu obiriwira obiriwira amatha kukhazikika pamchenga wouma, dongo komanso loamy zofunikira ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Kutalika kwake, mtunduwu umakula mpaka 50cm. Ma inflorescence ndi oyera ndi amtundu wachikasu.

Momwe mungakulire lupine ngati siderate

Kutengera ndi zomwe ma alkaloids mu chomera, ma alkaloid lupins ndi osakhala alkaloid amatulutsidwa. Kusiyana kwawo kuli poti zakale ndizowawa, ndipo zomalizazi zimakhala zotsekemera, ndichifukwa chake mizu yowawa ndi yokoma nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza, ndipo mitundu yokhayo yokometsedwa idadyedwa ngati nyama.

Ma alkaloid lupins nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe yophukira kapena masika. Koma simuyenera kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwamasika. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mbewu imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo namsongoleyo imangophwanya. Simuyenera kusiya kubzala mochedwa kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu iyi sikuvomerezanso nyengo yozizira. Mukamatera, mawonekedwe onsewa ayenera kukumbukiridwa.

Kubzala

Lupine iyenera kufesedwa kuti mbewuyo isanathenso, imakhala ndi nthawi yophuka ndipo nyemba zimayamba kupanga, popeza ndi nthawi imeneyi, malinga ndi malongosoledwe, kuti siderat imapeza zochuluka pazinthu zofunikira.

Ambiri okhala chilimwe amayesa kubzala m'munda wawo ndi lupins kuzungulira theka lachiwiri la Meyi, chifukwa mu June chidzakhala chachedwa kwambiri kuti achite izi. Mukakulitsa mbewu zilizonse, mutha kubzala mbewu za lupine mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Chapakatikati, mutha kubzala mitundu iliyonse, koma mu Ogasiti ndi nthawi yoti muthe zinthu zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuziziritsa.

Kukula mbande

Kukumba liti

Ambiri olima maluwa a novice omwe amalima lupine ngati siderat sadziwa nthawi yobzala komanso nthawi yobzala, chifukwa chake amakumana ndi mavuto ena. Monga momwe masewera akuwonekera, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala imawonedwa pakati pa Meyi komanso kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Ponena ndi kudzutsa mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti muzichita pa nthawi, maluwa asanayambe. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imapereka mbewu, zomwe pambuyo pake zidzakhala zovuta kubala, popeza zimafalikira m'dera lonselo mwakuzilala. Kuti tipewe izi, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa chomera m'nthawi yake, ndiye kuti ndikutchetcha kwake. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri imawerengedwa ngati maluwa oyambira maluwa, magawo a mawonekedwe a masamba.

Lupinus amakula asanaphuke kwa masiku 50, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi masiku 60 amapitilira pafupifupi pamenepa asanachitike.

Malamulo osamalira odwala

Kuchoka sikovuta. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti dothi ndilabwino, kenako chomera chimatha kudziwa bwino malo osiyanasiyana. Muyenera kuzindikira kuti makamaka namsongole amawonekera chomera chisanaphuke, choncho ayenera kuchotsedwa mwadongosolo komanso munthawi yake.

Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Ngati chilimwe sichinume komanso mvula ikadutsa sabata iliyonse, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kuthiririra madzi a lupine. Kupanda kutero, ngati kwatentha ndipo nthaka ngumauma, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imafunikira kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka. Chomera chimatha kuthiriridwa ndi njira yamvula komanso pansi pazu. Popewa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusamalira mulch mutathirira aliyense.

Feteleza ndi umuna

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amadzifunsa momwe amadyetsera lupin wamkulu ngati manyowa obiriwira. Yankho la funsoli ndilosavuta. Popeza mizu ya mbewu imadzaza ndi nayitrogeni, sizifunikira feteleza wowonjezera. Chokhacho chomwe chitha kuchitidwa ndikuthira feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous pakugwa.

Mavuto akulu mukamakula lupine ngati siderata

Zikuwoneka kuti palibe chovuta kuposa kukula udzu pachimalo, chomwe chimamveka bwino kuthengo ndikufalitsa podzilimitsa tokha. Koma akamakula lupine m'munda mwanu. Komabe, pali zovuta zina zomwe zingachitike. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zina.

Musanabzale maluwa, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silikhala lamchere, chifukwa mwina sizingakhale panthaka. Poyamba, mtengowo udzaikidwa m'manda ndi namsongole ndikukula pang'ono, motero ayenera kuchotsedwa. Koma simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi izi, chifukwa zikangomera, ndipo namsongole sangasokoneze chitukuko chake.

Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo

Monga mbewu zonse, lupine imayamba kutengera matenda ena. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:

• Chozungulira - matenda amatha kuchepetsa zokolola ndi mtundu wa mbewu kuchokera 17 mpaka 50%. Mizu yowola ndi cotyledon imatsimikizira kukula kwa matendawa. Bowa wa Fusarium amatha kupangitsa matendawa. Kugwiritsira ntchito koyambirira kwa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu komanso kuvala mbewu kumatha kupewa vutoli.

Anthracnose pa lupine

• Anthracnose - kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha zomera mpaka 70 peresenti. Kukula kwa matendawa kukuwoneka ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni kapena malalanje pamabowo, omwe amayamba kufalikira potsatira tsinde lalikulu.
• Sentoriosis - mawanga amtundu wa bulauni kapena wotuwa achikasu amayamba kuwoneka pamasamba a lupine.

Komanso, mbewuyo imatha kudwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bacteria komanso ma virus.

Tizilombo tambiri

Lupine amadziwika kuti ndi chomera cholimba, koma ngakhale izi, nthawi yobzala, zovuta zina zokhudzana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda zimatha kuoneka. Tizirombo tofala kwambiri ndi nseru ndi mphutsi za nyongolosi zimuluka. Nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zambiri zimawonekera nthawi yomwe masamba amamangidwa pachomera. Mphutsi za nyongolotsi zimauluka patapita nthawi majeremusi oyamba atawonekera. Mutha kuthana ndi mavutowo pochiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Zothandiza pa Lupine

Mavuto ena ndi yankho lawo

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amakumana ndi vuto monga kukula kwanyengo pang'ono. Kapangidwe kolakwika ka nthaka kamatha kukhumudwitsa. Pofuna kupatula zotheka zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana dothi ngati acidity musanabzala. Ngati mmera zamchere zapezeka munthaka, duwa silikula.

Wamaluwa amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito lupin ngati siderata kuti achulukitse chonde. Zomera zimadziwika kuti ndizothandiza ndipo zimathandizira kukonza zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka ndi zipatso zake. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikusankha mitundu yoyenera ya mbewu ndikukula ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo. Kupanda kutero, lupine yodzidzala yokha idzadzaza malo onse ndipo siyidzabweretsa zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka.