Zygopetalum - chomera chomwe chimachokera ku malo otentha ku South America. Mitundu iyi yochokera ku banja la Orchid imaphatikizapo mitundu 14. Duwa lotchuka kwambiri ku Brazil.
Kufotokozera ndi Makhalidwe
Mtengowo umakhala ndi masamba obisika okhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa zokutidwa ndi mitsempha yautali. Pak maluwa, tsinde mpaka 60 cm limapangidwa, pomwe inflorescence ya masamba 12 amapezeka (ochulukirapo mu ma hybrids). Amatsegula m'maluwa akuluakulu ndi fungo lamphamvu. Mwambiri inflorescence ndi visualgated, utoto wofiirira ndi wobiriwira mithunzi ndi oyera inclusions, ma monophonic pamakhala sakhala wamba. Maluwa amakhala mpaka milungu 9.
Gawo lapafupi ndi nthaka ya tsinde, pseudobulb, chowulungika, limakula mpaka 6 cm. Amazunguliridwa ndi masamba am'munsi, omwe amafera pomwe zygopetalum ikukula.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu 14 yayikulu komanso hybrids ambiri. Makampani opanga maluwa amabweretsanso mitundu ina yatsopano ya haibridi.
| Onani | Feature |
| Luisendorf | Imakhala yofunikira chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake kwamphamvu. Limamasula kwa miyezi itatu, pamakhala bulauni wokhala ndi burashi pamtunda wobiriwira. Zikhale pa phesi limodzi mpaka 8 zidutswa. |
| Mngelo wabuluu | Mtundu wa inflorescences wabuluu womwe uli ndi malingaliro a lilac ndi zonunkhira zonona. Chovuta kusamalira zosiyanasiyana. Fungo lake limafanana ndi fungo lakuda. |
| Trozi buluu | Masamba a masamba ndi aatali, maluwawo amakhala achikasu-abuluu kapena oyera mumtundu wa burgundy. Mbale zamtunduwu ndizosiyanasiyana, zimasunthira kuchoka ku chowonda kupita kuonda. |
| Mackay | Epiphyte, yowala nyengo yonse. Maluwa ndiwofewa, wobiriwira wowoneka bwino mu kachidutswa ka bulauni, ndipo milomoyo ndi yoyera ndi mawanga ofiira. |
| Maxillare | Ma inflorescence ndi a bulauni okhala ndi malire obiriwira, milomo imasandulika kukhala yofiirira kapena yoyera. |
| Maculatum | Letesi pamakhala chokoleti mawanga. Milomo yoyera imakutidwa ndi mikwapulo yofiirira. |
| Pabstia | Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, kutalika mpaka 90cm. Buds mpaka 10 cm. |
| Pedicellatum | Ili ndi mlomo wopyapyala woyera, wokutidwa ndi madontho a lilac. |
| Microfitum | Limamasula nthawi yayitali kuposa mitundu ina. Kutalika kulibe 25 cm. |
| Shaggy | Ma inflorescence ndi onunkhira, okhala ndimawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira. Mlomo wokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. |
| Alan greatwood | Masamba ndi akulu, opakidwa mumthunzi wa chokoleti. Milomo ndi yotakata, yofiirira kumunsi, yoyera yokhala ndi milawu yofiirira pansipa. |
| Arthur elle mwera | Pamakhala maluwa amtundu wakuda, ndipo m'munsi mwa duwa ndi burgundy wokhala ndi malire oyera. |
| Matsenga a Merlin | Amasiyana ndi mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka wa inflorescence wophatikiza malo amtundu wa chokoleti. |
Zyzygopetalum chisamaliro kunyumba
| Zochitika | Kasupe | Chilimwe | Wagwa | Zima |
| Kuwala | Yasweka, pazenera lakumadzulo. | Kutali ndi windows (kapena mthunzi). | Windo lakumwera kapena kumadzulo, mthunzi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo. | Zenera lakumwera, ngati kuli kotheka, yatsani nyali za UV. |
| Kutentha | Masana + 20 ... +22 ° C, usiku + 16 ... +18 ° C | Masana + 24 ... +25 ° C, usiku + 18 ... +19 ° C | Masana + 18 ... +21 ° C, usiku + 13 ... +16 ° C | Masana + 18 ... +21 ° C, usiku + 13 ... +16 ° C |
| Chinyezi | 70-90% | Osachepera 60%, gwiritsani ntchito jenereta yamafuta. | 70-90%, pomwe osalola kutsika kwa kutentha (kuvunda ndikotheka). | 60-90%, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa poto mu batri kapena kukhazikitsa chidebe chamadzi pafupi naye. |
| Kuthirira | Kuthirira kamodzi masiku awiri. | Mawa kupopera, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku. | Masiku onse atatu. | Pamene dothi ladzuka limayamba. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | 1-2 kawiri pa sabata. | 2 pa sabata. | Kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse. | Kamodzi pamwezi. |
Muyenera kuthirira mbewuyo pomiza mumphika m'madzi, popeza madzi amadzimadzi amawawa ndi masamba a maluwa. Chotetezacho chimayenera kusungidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi 15, kenako ndikuwukitsa ndikuyenera kulolera kuthira owonjezera. Madzi azikhala otentha, osati ozizira + 18 ° C.
Osatengera nyengo yanji, kusamba kosangalatsa kumafunikira kawiri pamwezi. Monga kuvala pamwamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
Kubzala, kufalitsa, mphika, dothi
Mtengowo umafuna pamtunda, ndikusankha dothi lonyentchera limakula pang'onopang'ono kapena kuzika mizu. Mutagula, zygopetalum imafunika kuilowetsa m'nthaka yabwino kwambiri.
Osakaniza maluwa ayenera kukhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi poyerekeza 2: 3: 3: 2:
- makungwa akulu a paini wamkulu (wosanjikiza pansi dongo yokulitsidwa);
- makungwa a paini a kachigawo kakang'ono (chosanjikiza chapamwamba);
- peat (sakanizani ndi khungwa lapakatikati);
- sphagnum moss (bwino kuwaza ndi kuwonjezera zonse zigawo za gawo lapansi).
Ngati titenga ngati kuwerengera poto 1 lita, kuti mudzaze mudzafunika 200 ml ya khungwa lalikulu, 300 ml ya peat komanso khungidwe lapakatikati, 200 ml ya moss.
Bark ingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati paini pokha, komanso mitengo ina yonse yodziyimira (larch, spruce, mkungudza).
Popeza woimira Orchids uyu amavunda mosavuta pamizu, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chinyezi chambiri. Makala ndioyenera izi. Iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi dothi lakumunsi. M'malo mwa osakaniza omwe mwawoneka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lopangidwa mwaluso ngati maluwa a orchid.
Mukabzala, simuyenera kukumba duwa lakuya pansi, ma pseudobulbs ayenera kukhala pamwamba. Zimavunda mosavuta, kamodzi pansi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphika wowonekera kuti uziyang'anira mizu.
Ikani kuti zitha kuchitika zisapitirire kamodzi pachaka, apo ayi mbewuyo idzafota. Kufunika kwatsopano kukufunika pamene mphukira zatsopano za 3-5 zidzaonekera kapena mizu ikadzala. Ngati peduncle idayamba kupangika, muyenera kudikirira mpaka nthawi yophuka izikhala yofalikira.
Maluwa atalala
Kutulutsa kwa zygopetalum kumatha miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu. Nthawi zina inflorescence simapanga: izi zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto lofooka kapena kufooka kwa mbewu. Phala la maluwa limawoneka pa mphukira zatsopano zikakula pafupifupi theka. Sanapangepo pseudobulb.
Pamene ma petals a inflorescence agwa kapena owuma, ndikofunikira kudula peduncle. Kuyambira pano, nthawi yopuma iyamba. Pakadali pano, chomera chimabwezeretsedwa, ndipo ndikofunikira kumamupatsa zofunikira. Kuti muchepetse kuthirira, nthawi ndi nthawi fafanizaiwo pamwamba ndi madzi ofunda. Sunthani poto mu chipinda chozizira, chotenthetsera mpweya mkati + 13 ... +18 ° C. Tsikulo kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku liyenera kukhala pakati pa +4 ndi +5 ° C. Maluwa akatulutsa mphukira zatsopano, mutha kuzibwezera m'mikhalidwe yomwe munamangidwa kale.
Ngati pansi tuber yapangidwa kale m'munsi mwa mphukira zatsopano, simuyenera kuyembekezera maluwa chaka chino.
Kuswana
Zygopetalum ichulukitsa ndi magawano. Ndikokwanira kugawanitsa nthambizo ndikubzala mbali zakezo m'minyezi. Zoyenera kuchita:
- Kokani cheza pansi, chisiyanitse ndi gawo lapansi. Mutha kuwaza ndi madzi, koma pambuyo pake muyenera kuwumitsa.
- Chotsani mizu youma kapena yowola.
- Gawani mbewuyo m'magawo angapo. Gawo lililonse limayenera kukhala ndi mababu abodza awiri.
- Lumitsani ndikulowetsa dalalo mumakala osemedwa.
- Zidutswa za moss-sphagnum. Yembekezerani kuoneka kwa njira zatsopano, tsiku lililonse kuziziritsa gawo.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha pamafakitale. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti kumera kumere koyenera kunyumba.
Zolakwika ndi kuchotsedwa kwawo
Zygopetalum ndi chomera chowirira, ngati sichisamalidwa bwino panyumba, chimatha kuyamba kuwola, kuuma kapena kukula pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mawanga kapena masamba owola awoneka pamasamba, tifunika kuyambiranso.
| Vutoli | Chifukwa | Njira Zothetsera |
| Makina oyendayenda samapanga. | Kufooka kwa duwa, kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, kusowa kwa dzuwa. | Patsani mbewuyi ndi nthawi yoyenera matalala. |
| Wamng'ono, wopindika. | Kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, kutentha kwambiri. | Chotsani poto pawindo, tsitsani kutentha kwa mpweya kuti + 20 ... +22 ° C. |
| Masamba achikasu. | Kupanda chinyezi. | Yang'anirani momwe gawo lapansi lakhalira, nyowetsani pamene kumira. Ikani chinyontho kapena thanki yamadzi pafupi ndi chomeracho. |
| Maonekedwe akuda akuda masamba. | Madzi ochulukirapo. | Imani chinyezi chadothi. Ngati pali zowola, chokerani ndi zygopetalum mumphika watsopano, ndikuchotsa mizu yowola. |
Matenda ndi tizirombo, miyeso yolimbana nawo
| Matenda kapena tizilombo | Kufotokozera | Njira Zothetsera |
| Powdery mildew | Chikwangwani chopepuka pa masamba okhala ndi utoto wofiirira. | Fungicides Alirin kapena Quadris ndikupuma kwa sabata mpaka chidikizo chitha. Quadris siyikulimbikitsidwa popanda zida zoteteza. |
| Zowola chakuda | Malo amdima omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha tizirombo kapena nitrogen yambiri mu dothi. | Chotsani zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kenako onjezani Trichodermin m'nthaka. |
| Gray zowola | Mitundu ya bulauni pamasamba, kudutsa kuchokera pazigawo zakale za chomerazo ndikuphukira kwatsopano. | Chotsani mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbeu, ndi chinyezi chambiri chamtunda, ndikuzisanjikiza pachidebe chatsopano. Njira ndi Trichodermin, Alirin kapena Quadrice. |
| Anthracnose | Malo amdima, omaliza okutidwa ndi nkhungu ya pinki. | Ikani mbewuyo mumphika watsopano, ndikuchotsa masamba omwe akhudzidwa. Masiku 2-3 samathirira duwa. Chitani ndi Quadrice. |
| Nkhono ndi ulesi | Mizere pamasamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi panja kapena kogwiritsa ntchito thaulo. | Chitani ndi Mesurol, tengani mtengowo kunyumba. |
| Spider mite | Mitundu yaying'ono pamiyala. | Gwiritsani orchid mu shawa ofunda, pokonzekera ndi Fitoverm. Bwerezani maulendo awiri ndi masiku 10. |
| Fusarium Fungi | Kutchingira zombo, kuchepa mphamvu kwamadzi ndi maluwa. Kukongoletsa kwa tsamba lamasamba, kufewetsa nthangala. | Sinthani zikhalidwe za mndende: onjezerani kutentha kwa + 18 ... +22 ° C, kuchepetsa kutsirira, sinthani gawo lapansi. Chitani ndi Quadrice pafupipafupi kwa masiku 10-12 mpaka matenda atathetsedwa. |
