Oleander

Oleander (Nerium oleandr) - masamba obiriwira ochokera kubanja la Kutrovy. Chomera chija chidawonekera kum'mwera kwa Mediterranean. Achibale ake apafupi ndi zomera zotchedwa herbaceous, mitengo yampesa komanso mitengo ikuluikulu yotentha. Kuthengo, zimapezeka ngati ma tchire ataliatali (mpaka 4 m) amphamvu m'chigwa cha mitsinje ya Asia Little, m'mapiri a Caucasus, amakula ku Algeria ndi Italy. Mtundu wachikhalidwe cha mbewu iyi ndi umodzi wokha, ndipo amawutcha "wamba" oleander! Potseguka, iwo adakulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe pagombe la Black Sea komanso ku Crimea.

M'madera omwe amapezeka kumpoto, mtengowo umabzalidwa m'malo obisalamo nyumba komanso kunyumba. Oleander amakula msanga, amakula 30 cm pachaka. Kunyumba, imatha kukula kupitirira 2 metres, ngati simukuchepetsa kukula kuti muzidulira. Nyumbayo nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 15, koma ngati musinthanso chitsamba ndikuisamalira moyenera, itha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Maluwa akupitilira kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Pa mphukira, maluwa owala akulu amakhala moyandikana ndi masamba osakhazikika, motero zikuwoneka kuti ukufalikira nthawi zonse.

Zothandiza pa oleander

Zomera zili ndi poizoni koma oleandrin ndi konain - mtima glycosides omwe ali m'masamba, Mlingo wocheperako ndiwothandiza pochiza matenda ena amtima. Mankhwala wowerengeka, tincture wa masamba a oleander amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupweteka mutu, tachycardia, kusowa tulo, kutopa kwamanjenje, furunculosis ndi ndere. Mu Chowona Zanyama, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa matenda am'mimba ndikuchiza mtima wosalephera wa nyama.

Kulingalira kophuka kwamaluwa kumathandiza kuthana ndi ndulu yanthawi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe kuti apange mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamagulu. Chomera phytoncidactically - chimatsuka ndikutsitsimutsa mpweya. Mafuta ofunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazonunkhira.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Mlendo wochokera ku malo otentha okhala ndi chinyezi, amakhala ndi chidwi ndi chisamaliro chilichonse. Iwo amene asankha kubzala oleander panyumba sadzafunikira chidziwitso chochulukirapo, komanso chipiriro chachikulu kuti apange mbewu yabwino kwambiri pamtengowo:

Mukamasamalira chitsamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti pali zomwe zikukula. Ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba. Mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti kapena maluwa atamera, mbewuyo imadulidwa pakati, mbali ndikuwombera - masentimita 10. Duwa limakonda mpweya wabwino. Chipinda chomwe amakhala nthawi zambiri chimawongoleredwa, nthawi yachilimwe tchire amatengedwa kupita kumunda kapena kukhonde (amatetezedwa kuukatswiri). Mtengowo uli ndi poizoni, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi magolovesi.

Oleander chisamaliro kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Kuti mumve bwino kunyumba oleander, muyenera kuyang'anira bwino momwe aliri ndikwaniritsa kufunika kotentha, kuwala, madzi.

Maluwa

Kutulutsa maluwa mkati mwaandere ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso opatsa chidwi. Kuyambira pa Julayi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, nsonga za mphukira zakuda zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obvekedwa korona ndi maluwa owala a mtundu wa mlengalenga. Maluwa akulu amapaka utoto, wofiira, lilac, pinki kapena wachikasu. Amatulutsa fungo labwino; ikhoza kukhala yosavuta, terry ndi semi-iwiri. Nthawi zambiri duwa limapangidwa ndi miyala isanu, koma mitundu ya terry imatha kukhala ndi zochulukirapo.

Mababu amafanana ndi maluwa a rose. Kuyandikira kwa maluwa omwe ali ndi masamba osapanga bwino kumapereka chithunzi chakuti nyumba yakutsogolo yamaluwa imakhala pachimake nthawi zonse. Kuti pachimake panali maluwa okongola komanso okongola, mtengowo uyenera kuti udulidwe. Ngati chitsamba sichimapeza kuwala kwambiri m'chilimwe, mwina sichinaphuke. Pofika Novembala, zipatso zimacha - bokosi lokhala ndi mbewu - parachutes.

Njira yotentha

Kuthandiza chomera kuti chizolowere moyo m'nyumba, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha koyenera. Chomera ndi thermophilic, nthawi yomweyo chimakonda kutentha kwa chipinda. M'nyengo yozizira, thermometer sayenera kugwa pansi + 5 ° C, nthawi yotentha + 18 - 27 ° C imawonetsedwa ngati kutentha kwambiri. Sakonda kutentha kwambiri, koma payenera kukhala zosintha mwadzidzidzi.

M'nyumba, kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kophatikizana ndi mpweya wouma, womwe suleredwa bwino. Mukatentha, musayike chomera pafupi ndi mabatire. Nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kulowa mkachipinda, kutsanulira chitsamba.

Kuwaza

Kumwaza ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imathandizira kuti mbewu zam'mlengalenga zizolowera kukhala mchipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma. Ambiri olima nyumba amasunga dimba kunyumba pallet ndi dothi lonyowa, izi ndizokwanira kuti azimva bwino m'chilimwe komanso masika.

Pakutentha kwambiri, nthawi zina mmera umapoperedwa (masana, kusuntha maluwa kuti masamba asatenthe). M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya umakhala wouma kuchokera ku radiator yotenthetsera, chifukwa chake kutsanulira tsiku lililonse.

Kuwala

Kuti oleander akhazikike bwino komanso kutulutsa bwino, kuchoka panyumba kumaphatikizapo kupanga malo ake oti aziwalika. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kuwala pang'ono, sikuti ingakane maluwa, komanso masamba masamba. Amakonda osati malo owala, kuyatsa kuyenera kukhala kowala.

Chitsamba chaching'ono chomwe chimabwera kuchokera ku sitolo pang'onopang'ono chizolowera kuwala kwadzuwa. Chomera chachikulire chimakonda mbali yakumwera kwa nyumbayo, komwe kumakhala kuwala kwambiri, koma imasanjika pang'ono masana. Ngati mikhalidwe ilola chomera kuti chiziikidwa kokha kumpoto kwa nyumbayo, luminescent kapena phytolamp amaiyika.

M'nyengo yotentha, tchire tating'ono timatengedwa m'munda kapena kukhonde, koma timayikidwa pamalo otetezedwa ndi mphepo.

Kuthirira

Ndi kuthirira muyenera kusamala. Ngakhale kuti oleander ndi mbewu yokonda chinyezi, sangathe kuthiridwa. Kuchuluka chinyezi kumawononga mizu. Chitsamba chimasungidwa nthawi yabwino pa pallet yonyowa ndi dothi. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, madzi pamene gawo lapansi lisauma kuchokera pamwamba.

M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira - nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi kamodzi masiku 10. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofunda, osakhazikika. Kenako dothi limalungika kuti chinyezi chimatenga nthawi yayitali. Pakakhala kozizira kwambiri, madzi ochokera poto amatsitsidwa.

Kukula kwa mphika

Kuti chikhale chokwanira, chitukuke mwachisawawa komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusankha mphika woyenera. Kukula kwake kumadalira msika wa shrub. Ngati ndi wamkulu kwambiri, ali ndi mwayi wochepa. Pamene chitsamba chikukula, mizu yake imasintha. Mutha kuubzala nthawi yomweyo mumphika waukulu: muzu wokhawo womwe umakula, kukula kwa masamba ndi kuchuluka kwawo sikungachitike. Mumphika wawung'ono, kukula kwa chitsamba kulephereka, muzuwo umakhala wopunduka.

Ngati mizu yayamba kuwonekera pansi, mizu imayamba kukula ndi kupikisano, poto wokulirapo ndi wofunikira. Chidebe chatsopano chimasankhidwa kuti mizu ya mbewu ikhale yoyenera momasuka, ndiye kuti michere ndi chinyezi zimapezeka kwa iwo. Ndikofunikira kukonza kukula kwa duwa ndi kukula kwa chidebekuti chitsamba chokulirapo cholemera sichigwera mumphika wawung'ono pomwe ukukula. Mtengowo ndi wa mbewu za "dothi lalikulu": pakukula kumafunikira malo. Popita nthawi, shrub imasinthidwa kuchokera mumphika kupita ku mphika.

Dothi

Mukamasankha dothi, muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi chake: iyenera kukhala yopanda mbali kapena yamchere pang'ono (pH kuzungulira 7, 8). Gulani gawo lapansi lomwe mwamaliza kapena konzani dothi losakanikirana panthaka kuchokera malo ofanana a humus, peat, sod land ndi mchenga (perlite).

Chomera chimafuna nthaka yachonde komanso yopanda madzi. Pakapita nthawi, gawo laling'onolo likamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse zomwe limapanga muzakudya komanso mphamvu zake, liziwoneka bwino kwambiri. Pakadali pano, nthaka imasinthidwa.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Feteleza ndi kuthira manyowa ndi mayankho osavuta ndizofunikira pazomera zachilengedwe. Feteleza ayenera kugwiridwa mosamala kuti asafooketse tchire pakukokomeza kwambiri komanso kuti asasokoneze kukonzekera kwa maluwa.

Mukukula, mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, oleander amathiriridwa madzi 2 pamwezi ndi feteleza wa madzi owonjezera kawiri wazomera zapanyumba. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mutatha kuthirira madzulo kapena kwamvula.

M'nyengo yozizira, chitsamba sichidyetsedwa kuti chizitha kupuma bwino ndikukonzekera kuzungulira kwatsopano kwamasamba.

Thirani

Kuyika chomera cha oleander ndichinthu chofunikira chomwe chimathandizira mbewu kuti izolowere nyumba. Tchire tating'onoting'ono timabzala chaka chilichonse, akuluakulu - zikafunika - pakakhala zaka 3 zilizonse. Thirani ndikuchitika mchaka, maluwa asanayambe. Mbewuyi imafunikira kulowetsedwa pomwe mizu yake yazungulirana ndi dothi. Kuchotsa chomera mosamala, yang'anani mizu. Ngati mizu yasokonekera, imasokonekera. Zidutswa zowonongeka zimadulidwapo, malo omwe adadulidwa amawazidwa ndi ufa wa malasha.

Dothi lokwera lamiyala yosalala, njerwa yosweka kapena dongo lotukulidwa limathiridwa pansi pamphika. Thirani dothi. Ikani chitsamba mumtsuko ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Ndikofunikira kuti dothi la pansi lisadutse m'mphepete mwa mphika ndi 1, 5 - 2 cm, ndiye kuti lingakhale losavuta kusamalira duwa. Wowaika oleander amathiridwa madzi, kuwumbika ndikusiyidwa m'malo opanda pake kwa masiku angapo kuti muzu. Pambuyo masiku 14, chitsamba chitha kudyetsedwa. Zomera zikamera, zimakhala zovuta kugwira. Poterepa, sinthani dothi lapamwamba.

Kudulira

Kukula ndi njira yopangira korona. Mtengowo umaphuka masamba okhaokha, chifukwa chakumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena mutamasula, chitsamba chimadulidwa pakati, mphukira zam'mbali zimafupikitsidwa ndi 10 cm. Ma inflorescence amapangidwira pama mphukira achichepere omwe adawonekera atadula. Dulani nthambi zitha kuzika mizu. Pansi pa masamba, mphukira zimakhazikitsidwa zomwe zimatsimikizika kuti zichotsedwa: zimalepheretsa chitukuko.

Ngati oleander adadulidwa kale, maluwa sangathe kuwoneka. Kudulira kwa Shrub kumachitika chaka chilichonse ndipo ndichinsinsi cha maluwa okongola kwambiri mu nyengo yotsatira komanso kukula bwino chaka chino. Tsitsi limachitika ndi magolovesi kuti madzi amadzimadzi a chomera asagwere m'manja.

Nthawi yopumula

Nthawi yopuma imagwera kumapeto kwa Okutobala - pakati pa Okutobala. Chomera panthawiyi chimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 8 - + 15 ° C ndi chowunikira chonse, apo ayi oleander adzaponya masamba ndipo sadzaphuka. Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo feteleza nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa. Chomera sichisokonezedwa ndi chilichonse, chizipumira.

Kuswana

Kufalikira kwa nyumbayo kumatheka ndikudula ndi mbeu.

Kufalikira kwa oleander podulidwa

Kufalitsa ndi zodula ndi njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yofalitsira.

• Dulani mphukira ndi kutalika kwa 15 - 20 cm ndi masamba angapo ndi masamba atatu.
• Malonda odulidwa amakhala ndi fumbi la kaboni.
• Chingwecho chimayikidwa mumchenga wosakaniza, malasha ndi tchipisi (mchenga umakonkhedwa kuzungulira chogwirira kuti usawonongeke).
• Mmera umasiyidwa kuti uzike mizu pamtunda wa + 21 ° C ndi kuyatsa kokwanira. Nthawi zina tsinde limazika mizu m'madzi mwa kuwaza malasha pang'ono ophwanya.
• Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 30, mizu yake imawonekera, ndipo chomera chimadzalidwa mumphika wina. Chitsamba chimaphuka chaka chomwecho.

Kukula oleander kuchokera ku mbewu

Kuberekanso mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha atatola: iwo amataya kumera msanga.

• Mbewu zimakhazikitsidwa kwa maola angapo mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndipo zofesedwa mu nthaka yonyowa popanda kuzama.
• Phimbani ndi kanema, ndikupanga mabowo mkati mwake. Chokani pa + 21 ° C.
• Kanemayo amachotsedwa kuti kuthirira ndi airing.
• M'masabata 1, 5, mphukira zimawonekera. Masamba enieni enieni akaoneka, amakwiriridwa mumaphika osiyana.

Zosankha zonse ziwiri za mtunduwu ndizomveka komanso zotheka kupezeka. Koma zikafesedwa ndi njere, mbewuyo imamera nthawi yayitali, ndipo zinthu zosiyasiyana zimatayika.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, oleander amakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Kenako mutha kuwona kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe ake:

• masamba oleander khalani banga - kuwonongeka ndi bowa (matendawa amafalikira mwachangu; kuti mbewuyo isafe, iyenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu ndi bowa, chotsani ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa);
• masamba sanatsegulidwe - duwa limakhala lozizira (ikani pamalo otentha);
• oleander sichimatulutsa - kusowa kwa kuwala, kutentha, madzi, michere, kudulira kosayenera, mpweya wabwino (kukhazikikanso m'malo owala, madzi otentha, manyowa, mpweya wabwino);
• masamba amagwa - kusowa kwa kuwala m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbewuyo imazizira (yatsani kuwala kwa m'mbuyo; konzaninso pamalo otentha, chilimwe kuyambira mumsewu kuti ibwere kunyumba usiku);
• at oleander masamba kusiya ndi kugwa - kusowa kwa kuwala ndi chinyezi (ndikonzanso pamalo owala, madzi);
• masamba amasanduka achikasu - feteleza wosayenera, chinyezi chochulukirapo (kusintha feteleza, kuchepetsa kuthirira);
• amagwa masamba - kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira, mbewuyo imazizira (ikonzanso pamalo otentha, madzi okha ndi madzi ofunda);
• madontho akuda pamasamba - matenda oyamba ndi fungal;
• Masamba amazirala ndi kuzimiririka, inflorescence amataya kukongoletsa, masamba atayikidwa chilimwe, osatseguka nthawi yophukiraIne - nyali yaying'ono (ndikonzanso pamalo owala, yatsani kuyang'ana kumbuyo);
• Malangizo a masamba oma - mpweya wouma mchipindamo (kutsanulira, ikani pallet ndi dothi lonyowa).

Ndi mpweya wouma wamkati, kusowa kwa kuwala, chinyezi chambiri, tizirombo titha kuwononga chitsamba. Nthawi zambiri, duwa limakhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tambiri, mealybugs. Amawononga mawonekedwe a oleander, kumeza. Sizovuta kuthana nawo, choncho ndibwino kuti titha kupewa kuwukira pasadakhale posintha kutentha ndi chinyezi.

Mitundu ya oleander kunyumba okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Ma oleander opangidwa kunyumba amabzala kumwera kwa Europe. Pali mtundu umodzi wokha - wamba wamba. Mitundu yake imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukula kwa inflorescence.

Terry pink oleander

Chitsamba chowumbika sichimapitirira mita yayitali ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ofanana ndi masamba a msondodzi. Masamba angapo akhoza kutsegulidwa nthawi imodzi. Tulutsa maluwa akuluakulu owoneka oyera. Kwambiri zofuna pa kuyatsa ndi mpweya wabwino. Limamasula mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Oleander yoyera

Itha kumera mpaka mamita 2. Imaphuka nthawi yachilimwe mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira. Maonekedwe osadzikweza, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'maofesi. Mbali yakumtunda yamasamba akuda ndi amdima, pansi ndiyopepuka. Maluwa ndi oyera-oyera kapena ophweka. Imakhala ndi fungo labwino. Monga mbewu.

Oleander ofiira

Maluwa ndi ofiira, rasipiberi kapena burgundy yosavuta. Nthawi zina zokongoletsedwa ndi yaying'ono yoyera mkati kapena mumizere yoyera.

Oleander chikasu

Chitsamba chimaphuka nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa achikasu, ofanana ndi mabelu. Mbewu zimafanana ndi mbewu za mgoza. Kuchokera pa mbewu imodzi maluwa angapo amakula nthawi imodzi.

Oleander, mlendo wakummwera wochokera ku Mediterranean, adzakongoletsa mkati ndi kubweretsa kukondana nacho. Kusamalira chomera kumafuna kuleza mtima komanso kuchita khama. Poyang'anira chisamaliro, oleander amawulula maluwa osalimba, amakometsa fungo labwino ndikudzaza nyumbayo mosangalala.