Peyala ndi umodzi mwa mitengo yambiri ya zipatso, ndipo zipatso za peyala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso popanga kupanikizana, compotes, zipatso zouma ndi zina zotsekemera zokoma.
Kuwonjezera pa kukoma kwake, peyala imakhalanso ndi zakudya zambiri, kotero m'munda uliwonse uyenera kukula mtengo umodzi wa peyala.
M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za "Msonkhano", pezani kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, ubwino ndi mavuto a chipatso, komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi kusamalira zomera.
Mbiri yobereka
Peyala "Msonkhano" umatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chingerezi. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zinkakhala chifukwa cha kuphulika kwaufulu "Deon Leclerc de Laval" mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1900.
Chaka cha 1895 chimakondwerera pamene msonkhano wa British National pa kulima mapeyala unachitika. Kumeneku kunali kosiyana siyana, ndipo chifukwa cha chochitika ichi peyala imatchedwa dzina lake.
Mafotokozedwe ndi zosiyana za zosiyanasiyana
"Msonkhano" ndiwotchuka kwambiri m'dzinja ndipo uli ndi zinthu zosiyana siyana zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya mapeyala, choncho tidzakambirana za mitengo ndi zipatso. 
Wood
Mitengo ya mitengo imakhala ndi mphamvu yakukula kapena yosiyana mphamvu. Mtengo uli ndi korona wandiweyani, wawukulu, wapiramidi, womwe uli ndi masamba.
Mtengo waukulu umafika kutalika kwa mamita asanu. Mbali yam'merayi imakhala ndi mbale zosalala, zowala.
Kumapeto kwa masamba, masamba amadziwika ndi tinge yobiriwira, ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira - imakhala mumdima wobiriwira. Mtengo umaphuka kumayambiriro kwa masika, inflorescences amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Blossom ili ndi mthunzi woyera ndi wa pinki ndipo imamveka bwino. 
Zipatso
Zipatso za peyala zimasiyana mu kukula kwakukulu, juiciness ndi kukoma kokoma. Peyala imodzi imatha pafupifupi 150 g pafupipafupi. Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe a botolo.
Mapeyala amadziwika ndi matte, wandiweyani, ndi khungu lobiriwira. Nthaŵi zambiri, pa zipatso zomwe zakhala zikuwoneka bwino kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali, mawanga ofiira amakhala mbali imodzi.
Onani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala monga "Century", "Bryansk Beauty", "Honey", "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Hera", "Krasulya", "Otradnenskaya", "Rogneda", "Fairytale", "Duchess", " Lada. "Mnofu uli ndi mtundu wachikasu, wofewa kapena wofewa pang'ono, kapangidwe ka mafuta, mafuta onunkhira bwino komanso abwino.
Peyala "Msonkhano" si zipatso zokoma zokha, komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Ndi olemera mu citric, malic, oxalic acid, omwe amaonetsetsa kuti zakudya zimayambira. Lili ndi mavitamini A, B, C. C. Zipatso zili ndi ayodini, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, mkuwa, phosphorous, iron ndi zinc. 
Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi fructose wambiri ndipo sichikhala ndi shuga ndipo sizing'onozing'ono, choncho Msonkhanowu umalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito peyala panthawi yopanda matenda, ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndi shuga.
Zipatso zimakhala zothandiza pa ntchito ya mtima chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu.
Mukudziwa? Anthu oyenda panyanja a ku Greece ankagwiritsa ntchito peyala paulendo wautali, powalingalira kuti ndi mankhwala ochizira.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi, njira ya chimbudzi, kuchepa kwa thupi, kukondweretsa ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso.
Ponena za kuwonongeka kogwiritsidwa ntchito, palibe chinthu chimodzi, chinthu chofunikira ndikuganizira zozizwitsa za thupi lanu kuti musadye mapeyala oposa awiri patsiku.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito zipatso zosaphika ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mimba, makamaka ndi zilonda zakumimba. 
Kutupa kwa m'mimba mucosa kungakhalepo ngati chipatso chosala kudya chidyedwa. Zimaletsedwanso kumwa madzi pambuyo pa kumwa mapeyala, chifukwa izi zingayambitse kutsekula m'mimba ndi kupweteka m'mimba.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
"Msonkhano", mosakayikira, uli ndi udindo wapamwamba pa mndandanda wa mitundu yowonongeka, koma taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane zonse zomwe zimapindulitsa komanso zoyipa.
Zotsatira
Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana ndi:
- Peyala imayamba mofulumira, mochulukira ndipo nthawi zonse imabereka zipatso mutabzala mbande, ndithudi, ngati mutatsatira malamulo onse osamalira zomera.
- Mphamvu yodzipangira mungu. Iye sakusowa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu pozungulira. Njira yaikulu yodzipangira mungu ndizoti mungu umakhala wabwino kwambiri mu 80%. Chifukwa cha izi, alimi omwe alibe malo akuluakulu angapange peyala imodzi. Ngati gawo lanu ndi lalikulu, "Msonkhano" udzakhala wabwino kwambiri pollinator wa mitundu ina. Zotsatira zapafupi zimabzala "Hoverla", "Striyskaya", "Kucheryanka".
- Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwa chipatso, mapeyala amabzalidwa osati kunyumba kokha, komanso m'minda, pa mafakitale.
Wotsutsa
Koma, ngakhale phindu lonse la kulingalira mosiyana, palinso zovuta zina, pakati pawo ndi:
- Ambiri osauka yozizira hardiness. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa mpaka madigiri 22 - mtengowo sudzapulumuka.
- Mphamvu ya nyengo pa fruiting. Ngati nyengo ili mitambo, kuzizira, mvula ndi mphepo mu chilimwe, zipatso sizikhoza kucha kapena kukoma kudzavutika kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wabwino umatengedwa kuti ndi nyengo yozizira, koma pokhapokha pamakhala zipatso zoyenera kucha.
- Osauka amalekerera zotsatira za bowa, pokhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande
Kuti musankhe mmera wabwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:
- Chabwino yesani mmera. Iyenera kukhala yowoneka bwino, yowoneka bwino, yatsopano. Iyenera kukhala ndi chiganizo chokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso malo omwe amalimbikitsa kukula.
- Zikakhala kuti mizu ya maluwa imatsegulidwa ndipo alibe mpweya wochokera ku dothi, womwe nthawi zina umasokoneza mizu yowonongeka kapena youma, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala zowalidwa pamtunda. Mzu wa peyala wathanzi ndi wopepuka, kunja ndi pamadulidwe, alibe mawanga kapena kukula.
- Mitengo yaing'ono, yosapitirira zaka ziwiri, ikuyenera kugula.
- Mitengo ya pachaka ilibe korona, ngati mumagula zomera zakale, ndibwino kuti musankhe zitsanzo zomwe zigawanika.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Chinsinsi cha kukula bwino kwa mmera ndi malo abwino odzala. Nthaka yomwe mapeyala adzabzalidwa ayenera kukhala osasamala komanso ochepa, koma ndi mphamvu yosunga chinyezi. 
Dothi lokhala ndi asidi-nthaka liyenera kukhala losalowerera kapena lachilendo pang'ono. Njira yabwino imatengedwa kuti ndi yosalala loam, nkhalango ya sierozem kapena dothi lakuda, osati yoyenera kubzala: dothi lamchenga kapena mchenga wa mchenga, dongo lolemera, peaty, dothi lopanda.
Kukula bwino kwa nthaka kumadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino, motero ndikofunika kusankha malo odzala peyala omwe amakwaniritsa izi.
M'pofunikanso kuganizira kuti mtengo sulekerera mphepo yamphamvu, monga m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yomwe imafesa, ndipo m'chaka ndi chilimwe - kutayika kwa maluwa, mazira ndi mazira.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala peyala m'madera otsika, chifukwa kuyandikira kwambiri kwa madzi pansi kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mtengo ndikudziwonetsera wokha ngati kuvunda kwa mizu.
Poganizira kuti mtengo udzakula wamtali ndi korona wochuluka, ndikofunikira kuti uzibzala kuchokera ku mbewu zina zosatha. Ngati mapeyala awiri akukonzekera kuti afesedwe pafupi, pitirizani mtunda wa mamita asanu pakati pawo.
Ngati pali khoma pafupi ndi peyala, korona ingapangidwe molakwika, zomwe zidzaipitsa fruiting kapena kumapangitsa kuti pasakhalepo. 
Ndikofunikira! Pambali pa mtengo wa rowan, peyala ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa zimadwala matenda omwewo, choncho zimatha kukhala ndi kachilombo kaye.
Musanayambe kugwira ntchito
Ngati mumakhala m'dera lamtunda, musanadzale peyala muyenera kusamalira kulima kwa malo obzala.
Choyamba, wina ayenera kutenga malo okwezeka kwambiri ndi kukumba zitsulo zing'onozing'ono pafupi ndi dera lomwelo, kupita nawo kumtunda kwambiri, komwe kuli kumbuyo kwa munda kuti madzi owonjezera atuluke kumeneko.
Kenaka samalani mitsuko yomwe madziwo adzabzala. Monga mtsinje, mungagwiritse ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito stumps, mitengo ikuluikulu, nthambi, udzu, masamba osagwa kapena zinyalala zapanyumba.
Poyamba, gawoli ladzaza ndi ngalande, zowonongeka ndi zochepa pang'onopang'ono zowonongeka pang'onopang'ono zimayikidwa, zing'onozing'ono ndi magawo a chilengedwe zimayikidwa pamwamba.
Mtsinje umadzaza ndi nthaka yomwe yapukulidwa kale mumtsinje. Amalimbikitsa kuti azichita mwambo wa autumn, kuti m'nyengo yozizira mayendedwe amatha kukhazikika. 
Miphika yobzala mbande imayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, ngati mutabzala m'chaka, ndiye kuti mukufunika kukumba dzenje, ndipo ngati kugwa, mwezi umodzi musanabzala.
Mitengo ya chikuma cholimba imayenera kubzalidwa mumenje ndi mamita a theka ndi theka ndi kuya kwa mita imodzi. Peyala yamtengo wapatali pa quince imafuna dzenje lomwe liri lalikulu masentimita 90 ndi 80 masentimita.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere peyala.
Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande
Taganizirani ndondomeko yotsatanetsatane ya momwe mungamere mmera mu dzenje lokonzekera:
- Chinthu choyamba muyenera kukonzekera chithandizo cholimba, chomwe chidzakonzedwa mu dzenje kuti mutseke palimodzi.
- Pansi pa dzenje, nthaka yosakanizidwa yokonzedweratu imatsanulidwira, ndipo mkati mwake mumapangidwanso zinthu zowonongeka, monga ma kompositi kapena humus, phiri lisanakhazikitsidwe.
- Sapling imayikidwa pa phiri, pamene khosi lazu silikusinthika.
- Kenaka, muyenera kuwongolera mwamsanga mzuzi ndikudzaza dzenje ndi nthaka yosakanikirana ndi zinthu zakuthupi.
- Nthaka kuzungulira thunthu imagwirizanitsidwa pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa voids mizu.
- Mutabzala, nkofunika kuthirira madzi abwino, ndi kuchuluka kwa zidebe zitatu za mtengo pamtengo.
- Komanso analimbikitsa kuti asungunuke nthaka ndi utuchi kapena udzu.
- Njira yomalizira ndi yopangira sapery kutsimikizira.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kuti peyala ibale zipatso bwino ndikukula bwino, imafunika kusamalira bwino.
Kusamalira dothi
Kuti peyala ikhale yabwino kumalo atsopano, nkofunika kukwanitsa kuthirira panthawi yake - mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso, komanso kukula kwa mtengo, kumadalira mwachindunji.
Kuthirira ndi kofunika malinga ndi nyengo, dothi ndi zaka za peyala. Ngati chilimwe ndi madzi ouma ayenera kusamala makamaka kamodzi pa sabata kwa zida ziwiri kapena zitatu pansi pa mtengo uliwonse.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, nkofunika kusamalira mosamalitsa nthaka ndi udzu, kuti asawononge mizu, makamaka mbande zazing'ono.
Pofuna kumasula nthaka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukumba mkombero wa thunthu ndikumasula mawere ndi mkaka. M'dzinja, pofuna kuteteza mizu ku kuzizizira, nkofunikira kupanga mulching wa bwalo la thunthu mokwanira. 
Monga mulch akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi, masamba kuchokera ku mitengo kapena udzu. Thirani mulch ayenera kukhala pambuyo pa nthaka ikumbidwa ndikupangidwa.
Kupaka pamwamba
Peyala ndi chomera chomwe chikusowa kwambiri mu humus m'nthaka. Pakatikatikatikatikati ya nyengo kukumba nthawi, m'pofunika kuika pafupifupi 4 ndowa za humus pansi pa mtengo umodzi, poganizira zaka ndi kukula kwake.
Ngati pali kusowa kwa zinthu zakuthupi, m'pofunika kuwonjezera pafupifupi 30 g ya ammonium nitrate, ndipo m'nthawi yophukira kukumba nthawi, potaziyamu sulphate peresenti ya 30 g ndi superphosphate muyeso wa 50 g aliwonjezedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera nitrojeni m'dzinja, ngati n'zotheka kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kulenga zolepheretsa kusasitsa kwa mphukira.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mukamagwiritsira ntchito feteleza zamchere muzowonjezereka, zipatso sizidzasungidwa bwino ndipo zikhoza kuvulaza thanzi. 
Kupewa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Pofuna kuteteza enterobiosis kapena malo a bulauni, m'pofunika kuchotsa zitsamba zowonongeka m'minda yozungulira ndi kuziwotcha.
Pachifukwa chomwechi ndi kofunika kuti tipeze kutulutsa ndi kutchera nthaka m'dzinja ndi masika. "Msonkhanowu" udzatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi malo a bulauni ngati fetashi phosphate feteleza mchere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka.
M'nyengo yophukira, Nitrophoska ikhoza kutonthozedwa pa izi. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za enterobiasis zikuwonekera, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zofiira zofiira, zimakhala ndi dothi lakuda, kupopera mankhwala ndi Bordeaux madzi ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika mmawa wa April, chifukwa Bordeaux madziwa ndi madzi okwanira 30 ml.
Kachiwiri kukonzekera kumachitika pambuyo poti zomera zatha, kumwa mankhwala mocheperachepera katatu. Chithandizo chachitatu chimapangidwa kumapeto kwa mwezi watha. Pofuna kupewa malo oyera kapena septoria, m'pofunika kupanga mankhwala a Nitrafen nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira, pogwiritsa ntchito 100 g ya mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha khansa yakuda, yomwe imadziwika ngati mawanga wakuda ndi zowola pa nthambi, zipatso ndi tsinde, nkofunika kupanga yophulika yopangira thunthu ndi nthambi zazikuluzikulu ndi mkaka wa mandimu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mkuwa wa sulphate pamtunda wa 100 g wa mankhwalawa pa 10 l wa mandimu.
Kuti peyala isagwidwe ndi pearpod, nkofunika masiku angapo kuti mtengo usaphulume ndipo mwamsanga mutatha maluwa kuti muzitsuka ndi Agravertin.
Patapita mwezi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito Kinmiks. Pambuyo masiku 30 kupopera mbewu kubwereza, Spark-Bio imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuthetsa pear sucker ndizotheka kukonza peyala musanayambe maluwa ndi njira ya 3% ya Karbofos, mutatha maluwa mtengowo ukutsatiridwa ndi Iskra-Bio kapena Agravertin. 
Kuchokera pa tsamba la masamba, peyala imakonzedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene kutentha kwa usiku kudzakhala pamwamba pa zero. Pa nthawiyi, m'pofunikira kukonza mtengo "Tsimbush".
Kupanga korona ndi korona
Chinthu china chofunikira pazoyala za peyala ndi kudulira nthawi zonse ndi kupanga korona. Njirayi imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, nthawi imene thermometer imasonyeza kutentha kwabwino usiku.
Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yokonkhanitsa nthawi isanayambe nthawi yoyamba..
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi kuti mudziwe momwe mungayambitsire bwino peyala m'chaka.Maonekedwe a korona, omwe mudzagwirizanitsa nawo pamtengo, mukhoza kusankha nokha, akhoza kukhala:
- Palmette - mtundu wa korona, umene sungalowerere pang'ono mu kukula kwa mtengo. Chaka chilichonse m'pofunikira kudula nthambi yaikulu - wokondweretsa 30 masentimita, komanso woonda wolemera korona ndikuchotsa nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi zouma.
- Maonekedwe ochepa kwambiri pomwe otsogolera akudulidwa pang'ono kuposa momwe mphukira zimakula, ndipo nthambi yatsopano ya 4 zigoba. Nthambi zomwe zimamera, komanso mphukira, zimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Akuwombera omwe amakula, ofupikitsidwa ndi pepala loyamba kapena lachiwiri.
Zonsezi m'nthawi yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ndizofunika kudula mphukira, zomwe zimapangitsa korona, koma sizibala zipatso.Mukudziwa? M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, peyala inachokera ku South Asia, nthawi yoyenera - 1000 BC. e. Pambuyo pake, mapeyala onse amatha kudya ku North America, kumene ngaleyo inabweretsedwa mu 1620.
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Kumapeto kwa autumn, muyenera kumanga nyumba yachisala kuti mukhale nthawi yozizira. Makamaka zovuta kuti tipulumuke m'nyengo yozizira m'nyengo yozizira mafinya aang'ono.
Kuteteza zomera zachinyamata ku chisanu ndi makoswe, akulimbikitsidwa kuti amangirizane ndi nthambi za coniferous ndi chophimba chomwe chimapuma bwino.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, malo ogona ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti athetse kutentha kwa makungwa pa nthawi ya thaw, zomwe zingayambitse imfa.
Choncho, msonkhano wa peyala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha ndipo imalimbikitsidwa kuti mubzalidwe m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yosalala ya kumwera. 
Ndizosavuta kusamalira chomera, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kupanga mitengo kudulira nthawi, kupanga kuvala, kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti apeze mbewu zazikulu ndi zapamwamba kwambiri.
