Gloucester ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira yamalonda yamapulogalamu omwe amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri minda m'malo mwa masamba ochepa. Maapulo okongola amdima awa amakopa chidwi nthawi yomweyo ndipo amatha kusungidwa mpaka kuphukira mu storages olamulidwa ndi kutentha.
Gloucester - mitengo ya maapulo yozizira yozizira
Zosiyanasiyana Gloucester (Gloster) zidawonetsedwa ku Germany mkati mwa zaka zapitazi ndipo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe pambuyo pakupambana pa chiwonetsero cha ulimi cha 1969.
Gloucester ndi mitundu ya azungu yaku Europe yamalonda
Ichi ndi chipatso cha kucha mochedwa (kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yozizira), komwe cholinga chake ndi kuti azidya.
Gulu la Gloucester silili loyenerera kugwirizanitsa ndi kukonzanso nyumba.
Maapulo akuluakulu komanso okongola kwambiri amtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira amdima. Kulemera kwawo kwapakati pa 150 mpaka 180 magalamu, mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi nthochi yooneka, kukoma kwake ndikosangalatsa komanso kosapatsa.
Maapulo a Gloucester ndi okongola kwambiri
Izi zidapangidwa poyambilira kuti azilimitsa pazomera zazing'ono zazing'ono m'minda yayikulu ya trellis. Zokolola ku mtengo umodzi zimafikira 20-30 kilogalamu, zipatso zimakhala pachaka popanda kupangika. Zipatso zoyambirira zimawoneka chachiwiri - chaka chachitatu mutabzala.
Gloucester imagwiritsa ntchito molakwika zovuta kupanga zolakwika: kukula kwakachilengedwe kwachilengedwe komanso kupendekeka kwakukulu kwa nthambi kuchokera pamtengo kumabweretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafoloko owopsa, ndipo mtsogolo, mitengo yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imasweka chifukwa cha kulemera kwa mbewu.
Popanda kupanga nthawi ndi kuthandizira, mitengo ya maapozi ya Gloucester nthawi zambiri imasweka chifukwa cha kulemera kwa mbewu.
Munda wamtundu wa Gloucester ndiwokha wokhala ndi chonde, koma pakuyipitsa mungu-zipatsozo zidzakhala zokwanira kuchulukitsa kanayi kasanu. Ndi pollinator wabwino pamitundu ina ya mitengo ya maapulo. Limamasula mochedwa komanso nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimachepetsa chiwonongeko chamaluwa pobwerera zipatso.
Mitengo yotsika ya mitengo ya maapulo imatha kuphimbidwa ndi agrofiberi poopseza kuzizira
Zabwino ndi zoyipa za Gloucester zosiyanasiyana - tebulo
| Ubwino | Chidwi |
| Kuwonetsera kwakukulu kwa maapulo | Kuuma kozizira kwambiri |
| Kupanga zipatso pachaka | Kufunika kwatsamba labwinobwino |
| Kuyenda bwino mukakolola | Kuvuta kwa mapangidwe a mitengo |
| Kukana kwambiri kwa ufa wa powdery | Zowonongeka zazikulu za nkhanambo |
| Zina zodzipatsa nokha, kupukutira bwino mungu ndi mitundu ina | Vuto losunga zipatso |
Gloucester ndi cholima cholimba chomwe chimafuna chisamaliro
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Gloucester ndi mtundu wa apulosi wakummwera wokonda kutentha womwe umafuna nyengo yofatsa komanso nyengo yayitali yokulira. Mitengo yake imawonongeka kwambiri ndi chisanu kale -20 ° C.
Palibe kanthu kuyesa kubzala mitundu ina ya Gloucester kumpoto kwa Kiev ndi Volgograd: Idzayamba kuzizira pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, ndipo maapulo sangakhale ndi nthawi yakucha bwino chifukwa chachilimwe kwambiri.
Pobzala zipatso za maapulo, muyenera kusankha malo owala bwino ndi dzuwa powateteza ku mphepo zozizira. Kutsetsereka pang'ono kwa mpweya wabwino ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka ndi chisanu ndi matenda a fungus. Simungathe kubzala mitengo ya maapulo m'malo opanda chonde ndi madzi apansi pafupi ndi mita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera pansi. Nthaka imafunika chonde, pang'ono acidic kapena kusalowerera ndale. Kasupe wodalirika wamadzi othirira amafunikira.
Kubzala mitengo ya maapulo a Gloucester
Mitengo ya Apple imabzalidwa m'mizere m'mphepete mwa mizere, yomwe imayang'aniridwa molowera kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera. Mtunda pakati pa trellises ndi 3-4 mamita, pakati pa mitengo mzere 2-3 mamita. Mizati yozama yokwanira mita 3-4 yokwiriridwa imabisidwa pansi ndi mita ndikukulimbikitsidwa ndi konkire. Ndikosavuta kuyala mizati yophukira musanadzalemo, ndikukoka waya kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Mitengo ya Apple pa chitsa chosaya ikuyenera kubzalidwa pa trellis
Popanda trellis, imangokulirapo: pansi pa nthambi iliyonse yopindika muyenera kuyendetsa zikhomo kuti muteteze. Kachitidwe kovuta ka mitengo yolumikizira mitengo ndi zingwe kuzungulira mtengowu kumabweretsa zovuta pamntchito iliyonse yolima dimba: kukumba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kukolola. Agogo anga aamuna ankayesapo mitengo yazipatso yopanda trellis, zotulukapo zake zinali zomvetsa chisoni - ndizovuta kuzisamalira.
Kummwera kwa zikhalidwe, ndibwino kubzala mtengo wa maapulo kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala, kuti kasupe ayambe kupanga.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono ofikira:
- Kokani chingwe kwakanthawi pakati pa nsanamira za trellis kuti muwone mizere.
- Lemberani malo omwe akutsitsa ndikuchotsa chingwe kuti chisasokoneze.
- Pofikira, ikani dzenje ndi mulifupi wa mita 1 ndikuzama masentimita 50-60.
Maenje atalire ndiosavuta kukumba musanakoke waya wa trellis
- Sakanizani pansi kuchokera dzenje ndi chidebe cha humus chovunda chonse.
- Ikani mmera m'dzenje, ndikufalitsa mizu yake m'mbali.
Kuunjika mizu mukadzala kuyeneranso kufalikira mbali zonse
- Dzazani dzenjelo ndi dothi kuti mizu yonse ikhale yotseka, ndikutsanulira pamalowo (uta wopindika ndi tsinde lomwe lili pang'ono pamizu) ndikukwera pamwamba pa dothi osachepera 3-5 cm.
- Thirani ndowa ziwiri zamadzi pansi pa mmera.
Mutabzala, mmera uyenera kuthiriridwa
Mitengo yokhala m'mizere yotalikirapo sifunikira kugwirizanitsa khosi lozungulira ndi mainimeter molondola mukabzala, koma pamoyo wonse wamitengoyi ndikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tsamba lolumikizanalo limakhalabe pamtunda wa nthaka.
Mbande pa chitsa chocheperako chimakhala ndi mizu yosaya komanso yokhazikika kwambiri
Kusamalira Mtengo Mutabzala
Ngati nthawi yophukira yayitali, yotentha ndi youma, mbande zongobzala kumene zimayenera kuthiriridwa patatha sabata limodzi ndi chidebe cha madzi chilichonse.
Chapakatikati, chisanu chitasungunuka, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuzama kwa kubzala mbande ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kukonza ndikutenga nthaka mpaka tsinde kapena kuyiyika kumbali. Pambuyo pake, mawaya amakokedwa pa trellis m'mizere 3-4 yofanana ndikupanga kumayamba:
- Zonse zouma ndi zosweka ziyenera kudulidwa kwathunthu.
- Nthambi zomwe zili mu ndege ya trellis ziyenera kuwerama ndikukhazikika kuti ngodya zawo zichoke pamtengo.
- Nthambi zomwe zimadulidwa mzere uzidulidwa pansi ndikuphimba zigawo ndi var var.
- Nthambi zazifupi ziyenera kupewedwa kuti zisapangitse kukula kwa mphukira.
Nthambi zimamangidwa ndi trellis kotero kuti ngodya zawo zochoka pamtengo zimakhala zosachepera 60
Potentha, kouma, kwa zipatso za maapozi pa chitsa chaching'ono, kuthirira kumafunika mpaka katatu kwa mwezi kwa zidebe ziwiri za madzi pa mita imodzi. Mulingo woyenera kuthirira, madzi owononga zachuma.
Kuthirira kuthirira - yankho labwino kwambiri kumadera louma
Dothi lomwe lili pansi pa mitengo liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuyeretsedwa pamsongole. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi organic kapena agrofibre kuti isunge chinyezi.
Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, kasupe aliyense nthawi yokumba, osafunikira amayikidwa paliponse m'malo onsewo pang'onopang'ono mita imodzi:
- 20-30 g ya ammonium nitrate,
- 40-50 g wa superphosphate,
- 20-25 g wa potaziyamu sulphate.
Zitsamba zazingwe zimakhala ndi mizu yopanda malire, kotero kukumba ndi kumasula dothi ndikuloledwa kuzama kosaposa masentimita khumi.
Zovuta pakukolola ndi kusunga maapulo a Gloucester
Gloucester ndi mitundu yakucha yachisanu yozizira. Kututa kutengera nyengo ndi dera zimachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino nthawi yakukhwima zipatso: Mbeu ziyenera kukhwima ndi kukhala zofiirira, pomwe thupi limakhalabe loyera, labala komanso yolimba. Ngakhale maapulo apamwamba pang'ono opezeka pamtengo sawasungidwa bwino, amasachedwa bulauni mkatikati, amasuka ndikukhala opanda vuto. Zipatso zosapsa zimakhalabe acidic.
Maapulo ochulukirachulukira, mnofu umakhala wofiirira ndipo umakhala wopanda vuto
Ndi chopereka choyenera ndi chosungidwa, zipatso za Gloucester zimafikira kukoma kwawo kwabwino mu Novembala. M'malo osungira okhala ndi mpweya wochepa wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri ndi mpweya wambiri wa mpweya m'mlengalenga pa kutentha kosalekeza kwa + 2 ° C, zimasungidwa mpaka kuphukira.
Pansi pazikhalidwe zokhazikika, magawo otere satha kufikika, ndipo moyo wa alumali umachepetsedwa kwambiri.
M'malingaliro anga, Gloucester ndi apulo wamkulu kwa ogulitsa, koma osati kwa ogula. Maonekedwe apamwamba a maapulo awa nthawi zambiri amabisa zolakwika zamkati: chipinda chofewa kapena chouma, thupi lotuwa, komanso kukoma kowawa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mitundu ya Gloucester yawonjezera kukana kwa powdery mildew, koma nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo ndi zowola za zipatso. Mwa tizirombo, njenjete zowopsa kwambiri komanso aphid yamagazi.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndi njira zoyendetsera - tebulo
| Mutu | Kufotokozera | Momwe angamenyere |
| Scab | Malo ang'onoang'ono amizere akuda amaonekera pa zipatso ndi masamba. | Chitani ma sapoti atatu ndi mankhwala Scor:
|
| Zipatso zowola | Malo owuluka bulauni omwe amakhala ndi fungo loipa | |
| Moth | Zimbale za gulugufeyu zimapangitsa maapulo kukhala onenepa. Pali mibadwo iwiri pamnyengo, kotero kukonzanso mankhwala ndi mankhwala ndizovomerezeka | Tsatirani zinkhomera zinayi ndi Actellic:
|
| Aphid wamagazi | Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timene timatulutsa malo ofiira tikaphwanya |
Matenda amtundu wa Apple ndi tizilombo toononga - chithunzi cha zithunzi
- Maapulo akhungu omwe akhudzidwa ataya ulaliki wawo
- Mvula yambiri imathandizira kukulitsa zipatso
- Apple codling njenjete - gulugufe wa nondescript imvi, wopatsa mibadwo iwiri pachaka
- Mbawala za mbewa zimadya pachimake pa maapulo
- Maphid am'magazi amabisalira pansi pamaudzu oyera a fluffy, ngati ubweya wa thonje
Ndemanga
Zaka 3 zapitazo ndidadzilangira ndekha izi ndikuyembekeza kukhala ndi apulo yanga nthawi yonse yozizira, koma tsoka - mitunduyo siyinama kwa nthawi yayitali. Chaka chino adachotsa bokosi 1 ndipo atsiriza kumaliza. Chokoma kwambiri, chamafuta komanso onunkhira osiyanasiyana.
ShaSvetik
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9647
Gloucester mdera la Volgograd imatha kudziwidwa ndi mitundu ya mochedwa yophukira. Mitundu yabwino, yokoma kwabwino komanso yabwino kwambiri. Mukachichotsa mu nthawi, ndiye kuti chitha kugona chaka chatsopano chisanachitike. Pulogalamuyo ndi yokoma, yonunkhira, pafupifupi wopanda asidi, zomwe ndizokwanira kungoganiza kuti zipatsozo ndi zatsopano.
Alexey Sh
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9647&page=3
Gloucester ili ndi mphindikati lakuthwa kwa nthambi zikuluzikulu kuchokera ku tsinde, pomwe imakhala ndi mavuto pakupangika kwa mtengo ndikuphwanya nthawi ya zipatso mutadzaza ndi zokolola.
Sveta
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=1305&page=9
Ku Samara, ndinabzala Gloucester (monga chotentha kwambiri cha Zokoma kwambiri) pa mafupa olimba nthawi yachisanu. M'nyengo yozizira ya 2005-2006, katemera anali wozizira.
Yakimov
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=16045
The okonda ndi wowawasa Gloucester okonda maapulo wowawasa ngati ma Fuji ambiri a udzu, omwe, ngakhale anali okoma, koma osapotoza.
Garyd
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=5210&start=1485
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apamwamba, mitundu ya Gloucester idatchuka kwambiri pantchito zamalonda kumwera chakum'mwera, ndipo alimi ena odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalima. Koma kwa yemwe alibe luso, mitunduyi idakali yopanda pake ndipo imatha kukhumudwitsa.
