Mwina mlimi aliyense akulota za maluwa otere omwe angakhale okongola kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo osasamala nyengo, komanso osasamala za chisamaliro chapadera. Mwamwayi, pali chomera chotero, ndipo mukhoza kuchigula, mwinamwake, m'sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa, - izi Orchid Bletilla. Mu chilengedwe, maluwa amenewa amakula ku Far East, ku China ndi Japan. Mu nyengo ya dziko lathu, Orchid Bletilla imakula mosavuta pakhomo, m'minda ya chisanu ndi kumunda.
Bletilla Orchid: Flower Zapadera
Dziko la Bletilla ndi East Asia.Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chokhazikika, chofikira kutalika kwa masentimita makumi angapo. Masamba ndi ofiira, makamaka lanceolate, ndipo nthawi zina amatchedwa motto. Orchid ya mtundu uwu uli ndi burashi yochepa. Peduncle amapezeka kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena m'chilimwe, zimadalira nyengo. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi ovuta kwambiri, omwe amadziwika bwino ndi ma orchid. Kawirikawiri amakhala ndi nsalu zofiirira kapena zofiira, koma palinso ndi zoyera. Kawirikawiri mtundu wa bletills umatulutsa fungo lokoma komanso lokoma. Dzina la mtundu uwu limachokera ku dzina lofanana ndi Bletia.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ina ya orchids imakhalapo mpaka zaka zana.
Mitundu ya Bletilla
Mtundu wa Bletilla uli ndi mitundu khumi. Bleachilla hyacinth (Bletilla hyacinthina) ndi mtundu wachikasu (Bletilla ochracea) nthawi zambiri amakula pakhomo.
Hyacinth ya Bletilla, kapena mizere (B. hyacinthina, B. mikwingwirima) - mawonekedwe otchuka kwambiri, ochokera ku China ndi Japan. Amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 70, pa mizu pali kukula kwa pachaka monga mawonekedwe a tuberous thickenings. Mbali yomwe ili pamwambayi imayimilidwa ndi mapesi aatali a maluwa, lalikulu masamba osalala omwe amatchulidwa kotengera mafinya, komanso maulendo angapo, omwe amatsindikizana kwambiri, amapanga chinyengo chenicheni cha masentimita 15.
Inflorescence ndi maluwa osachepera asanu ndi atatu. Maluwawo ndi aakulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 5, mtundu wofiirira wa pinki ndi zonunkhira. Amadziwikanso ndi mitundu yambiri ya Bletilla yomwe ili ndi maluwa oyera - "Alba".
Bletilla bulauni-chikasu (ocher) anapezeka ku Vietnam, Japan, China, Taiwan ndi Myanmar. Ma orchids ameneĊµa ndi ofanana ndi kukula kwa zobiriwira zobiriwira kwambiri. Inflorescence imayimilidwa ndi burashi yochepa yozungulira ndi peduncles mpaka masentimita 40. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, amununkhira pang'ono, a mtundu wa orchids.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya orchids ya mitundu ya Paphiopedilum sanderianum imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, omwe kutalika kwake ndi mamita nthawi zambiri kuthengo! Bukuli linaika orchid ya mitundu iyi, yomwe inakulira mu 1991 mumzinda wa Somerset. Kutalika kwake kwa maluwa ake kunali masentimita 122, ndipo kutalika kwa chomeracho chinali mamita 20.
Kodi, ndi liti komanso chodzala brittillu
Orchid Bletilla ikhoza kusangalala m'munda kutchire m'madera otentha ndi ozizira, kumene kutentha sikugwera pansipa -5 ° C. M'madera ozizira, ndibwino kuti Bletilla akule kunyumba monga maluwa akunja.
Mukufuna kuwala kotani?
Kukula m'mundamo, mapira a Billyilla amafunikira malo abwino kwambiri, omwe nthawi yomweyo amatetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha
Bletilla sangalekerere dampness ndi kuzizira mphepo, choncho yesetsani kumusamalira bwino. Maluwa awa amakula bwino mu nyengo yozizira ya continental ndi chipale chofewa, koma osati frosty yozizira ndi kutentha, moyenera kumakhala chilimwe. Pano pano ndi maluwa kumeneko angakhale ndi mavuto.
Kwa Bletilla, muyenera kusamala mosamala malo omwe sayenera kukhala amchere komanso madzi osefukira. Komanso, orchid iyenera kutetezedwa ku chisanu pansi -5 ° C, kukumba pseudobulb yozizira ndi kuyeretsa pamalo ouma. M'nyengo yotentha, maluwa amatha kungopangidwa ndi masamba apadera kapena masamba owuma.
Dothi lodzala
Bletilla imatha kumera pafupifupi dothi lililonse, kotero limakhala bwino m'munda wamba wamaluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mupange chomera chanu mofulumira komanso pachimake kwambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadera, lomwe limapangidwa ndi ma orchids.Chifukwa chodzala mitsuko yotseguka pansi osakaniza mchenga, masamba humus ndi laimu mu ofanana mofanana. Ndizotheka kukonzekera nthaka yosakaniza yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka yomwe amamera amamera kuthengo: magawo awiri a peat osalowererapo mbali, gawo limodzi la dongo lokulitsidwa, gawo limodzi la makungwa opundulidwa, gawo limodzi la moss, komanso gawo limodzi la phulusa ndi zowona malasha Chotsatiracho chidzakhala chosakaniza ndi zotchedwa granules, zomwe zimadutsa chinyezi.
Kumera bwino Orchid Bletilla
Kukula mababu kumapezeka pseudobulb kapena mbewu. Nthawi yabwino yopanga orchid ndi masika. Pseudobulbs ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wunifolomu, khalani amphamvu komanso opanda zizindikiro zowola. Ayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wokonzedwa bwino mpaka masentimita 5 ndipo pamtunda wa masentimita 15. Nthaka iyenera kuti ikhale yothira nthawi zonse, ndipo kuthirira madzi okwanira kumayenera kuchitika kokha pamene masamba oyambirira akuwonekera.
Pofuna kubzala mbewu mumafunika chidebe cha pulasitiki ndi gawo losakanizidwa. Kufalitsa nyembazo muzowonongeka pang'ono ndi zochepa. Perekani mbande zam'tsogolo ndi kuwalitsa bwino. Ngati chilengedwe sichikwanira, chimaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa. Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino kumakhala pakati pa 22-27 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Saloledwa kupitirira kapena kusaka nthaka yosakaniza.Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, yambani kudyetsa ndi feteleza yapadera yokonzedwera ma orchids. Musanayambe nyengo yozizira, mankhusu nthaka ndi masamba kapena kukonza chivundikiro chowuma ndi agrospan kapena spunbond.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera
Chodabwitsa kwambiri, ndi kosavuta kusamalira bletilla kusiyana ndi ma orchid ena, omwe amawoneka kuti ndi osamvetsetseka komanso osamvetsetseka pakulima. Komabe, Bletilla imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za chisamaliro - ulimi wothirira, feteleza, chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo, komanso kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Malamulo a kuthirira Orchid Bletilla
M'chilimwe, Bletilla amafuna zambiri kuthirira, zomwe ziyenera kuti pang'onopang'ono zichepetsere m'nyengo yozizira. Apa chinthu chachikulu - kuteteza kuvunda kwa mizu. Poyamba nthawi yonseyi, kuthirira ayenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo chomera cha mkati chiyenera kusunthira ku malo amdima ndi ozizira. Panthawiyi, Bletilla ikutaya masamba. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yonse, duwa likufunika kuwonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa kuthirira, ndikuyendetsa pamalo owala.
Pakati pa maluwa pamene madzi okwanira sayenera kugwa pa maluwa, chifukwa akhoza kuyamba kuvunda. Imwani botolo la kuthirira ndi Billa, kotero madzi aziyenda mpaka ku mizu. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kuti muzisintha, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Akatswiri amalangiza kuwerengera khalidwe la ulimi wothirira mwakuti mizu imauma kamodzi pa sabata.
Kodi chomeracho chiyenera kudya?
Manyowa a Bletilla akufunika panthawi yomwe kukula kwake kwakukulu. Kawiri pamwezi m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira yokwana 0.01% ya fetereza yamchere. Panthawi yopuma, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa.
Kusamalira dothi
Popeza kuti mizu ya maluwa ili pafupi kwambiri, sikutheka kumasula nthaka pamalo amenewo. Kumbukirani kuti namsongole ayenera kutulutsidwa mosamalitsa kotero kuti kukula kumphuka pa mizu yovomerezeka ya orchid sikuwonongeke. Ndi bwino kudula namsongole pansi pazu, popanda kuwachotsa. Zingatenge nthawi yambiri ndi khama, koma ndizofunika.
Malamulo a Kusungunula Orchid
Chomera nthawi zambiri chimalola kulekerera. Dulani mosamala blemtillu ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi, popanda kugunda mizu yosasuntha, kapena kuchotsa nthaka mu mphika. Ngati kachiwiri ndi kovuta kuchita izi, ndiye kuti mukhoza kudula mphika, koma popanda kuwononga mbewu. Gwiritsani maluwa a orchid pamodzi ndi phula lokhazikika mu chidebe ndi madzi ofunda kuti nthaka ikhale yophimba. Sungani mosamala zitsamba za nthaka kuchokera ku mizu ndikuchotsani mbali iliyonse yakufa ndi yowonongeka. Fukuta nthaka ndi makala opaka. Ikani Bletilla pa pepala kapena chopukutira chopukutira mpaka youma. Ikani dothi ladothi m'mphepete kapena poto - 5 masentimita Ikani gawo latsopano lokonzekera pamwamba ndikuyika chomera mmenemo.
Mukhoza kuyika kabung'ono kakang'ono ka garters kupachika pansi pamayendedwe, ngati alipo. Fukani pamwamba pa gawo lina ndikugwiritsanso pansi ndi dzanja lanu, kapena mum'patse bulu ngati orchid isintha m'munda. Ngati bululila imakula muzigawo zam'chipinda, mphika uyenera kutsetseredwa m'madzi kwa mphindi zowerengeka kenako umaloledwa kukhetsa. Kotero muyang'ane kuchuluka kwa gawo lapansi. Ngati mizu yayamba pamwamba, zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kudzaza zambiri.
Kubalana kwa mbewu za blutila ndi magawano a mizu
Kubzala munda wa orchid wa bletilla kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: mbewu ndi chigawenga. Ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zimatalika kukula maluwa kuchokera ku mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, pamafunika labotale yoberekera. Maluwa oyamba, abwino kwambiri, adzawonekera kokha pambuyo pa zaka 6-7. Choncho, njira yachiwiri - kugawanika kwa mizu ndiko koyenera kwambiri. Mukhoza kugawana zokhazokha zamphamvu zomwe zakhala zaka zambiri.
Nthawi yabwino yoswana Bletillah ndi pamene imawombera. Dulani tsinde ndi misoko odulira, kusiya pamwamba ndi mizu iwiri ya mlengalenga ndi chitsa chimodzi chokhala ndi masamba anai. Posakhalitsa 1-2 ziphuphu zatsopano zidzawoneka pa chitsa. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, iwo adzakhala odziimira okhaokha omwe akufalikira ma orchids. Nsonga imayamba mizu ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, koma patapita nthawi imakhala maluwa owongolera. Fukuzani malowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena osweka.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa ang'onoang'ono m'maluwa a orchid Platystele jungermannoides ndipo saliposa 1 mm m'mimba mwake.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta Billyilla
Mdani wamkulu wa Bletilla ndi kuvunda wakuda. Zimasonyezedwa mwa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ziphuphu ndi mdima wawo. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu mu chisamaliro - kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi chakuda. Mbewu yodwalayo iyenera kuwonongeka, ndipo ma orchid oyandikana nawo ayenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicides okhala ndi mkuwa, mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux osakaniza.
Slugs ndi misomali amakoka mizu yachinyamata ya maluwa. Makamaka wokondedwa wokondweretsa wa iwo ndi apexes - cones wa mizu kukula. Mukhoza kumenyana nawo mwakagetsi, pamanja. Pali mitundu yambiri yotetezera zomera zomwe zimapezeka mumsika uliwonse wa maluwa. Mukhoza kumenyana nawo mosamala mwa kufufuza pamwamba pa maluwa a madzulo madzulo ndikuchotsa tizirombo.
Pa msika pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala oteteza zomera. Chinthu chachikulu - kuchita molingana ndi malangizo mu maulendo ovomerezeka ndi magulu. Masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba angapweteke aphid wobiriwira Pankhaniyi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuchita bwino.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa okongola kwambiri ndi Gold Kinabalu. Mtundu uwu wa orchid ndi wosazolowereka ndipo umakhala ndi maluwa pamene zomera zimakafika zaka 15. Wopulumuka mmodzi akhoza kutenga $ 5000.
Momwe mungatetezere Bletilla m'nyengo yozizira
Mkhalidwe waukulu wa wintering wa billyilla - kutetezedwa ku chisanu ndi madzi. Chifukwa chake, m'madera ozizira, sizisiyidwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo pseudobulbs amakumba ndikusungidwa pamalo ozizira ndi owuma. M'madera otentha, Bletilla angasiyidwe m'nyengo yozizira m'munda, makamaka kuwuphimba ndi nsalala yambiri, masamba kapena zophimba.
Osati mwadzidzidzi poyerekezera ndi ma orchids ena, akufunabe chidwi chanu ndi chisamaliro chanu. Koma maluwa okongola kwambiri, mosakayikira, amayenerera.
