Azalea ndi rhododendron - mbewu zomwezo kapena zosiyanasiyana

Pakati pazomera zokongoletsera, zitsamba zowoneka bwino, zokongola bwino kwambiri zidatchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Maluwa okongola kwambiri amatchuka ndi azalea ndi rhododendron. Zomera ndizabanja lofanana la Heather ndipo zikuwoneka bwino, koma zimasiyana mu tekinoloji ya ulimi. Momwe mungaphunzirire kuzizindikira ndikukula moyenera zikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Azalea ndi rhododendron - pali kusiyana kulikonse

Malinga ndi chilengedwe, mbewu ndizofanana.

• Onse a banja mawonekedwe zitsamba yokutidwa ndi masamba onenepa.
• Nthawi yamaluwa, inflorescence yayikulu yopanga masamba owala ambiri otseguka panthambi za azalea ndi rhododendron. Nthawi zambiri fungo lamphamvu la uchi limachokera kumaluwa.
• Mtundu wa ma petals ndi osiyanasiyana: yoyera, yachikaso, yofiirira, rasipiberi, yapinki.
• Zomera ndizofunikanso pamweya chinyezi, ngati dothi lotayirira lokhala ndi acidity yayikulu. Mizu yawo yapamwamba simalola kuti nthaka ivumbuke kwambiri, chifukwa nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa tchire ndi yolungika.

Bloododendron yophulika ndi yokongola komanso yowala.

Zizindikiro zingapo zodziwika bwino zimapangitsa kuti alimi ambiri azikhulupirira kuti sikofunika kwambiri kubzala azalea kapena rhododendron m'mundamo. Awa ndi malingaliro olakwika, omwe atha kuyipsa pakukula kwa mmera.

Oimira onse amtundu wa azaleas salekerera kutentha pang'ono (amafa kale pa +4 degrees), ndipo amatha kukula m'malo otseguka kokha kum'mwera kwa Russia (Crimea, Stavropol Territory). M'madera ena onse, mbewuzi zimabzalidwa ngati maluwa kapena nyumba yobiriwira.

Zosokoneza mbiri

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa zitsamba zokongola za maluwa "azalea" kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 5 BC. Ngakhale pamenepo, maluwa abwino kwambiri anasangalatsa Agiriki akale. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zomwe zili ndi thunthu lofanana ndi maluwa zidayamba kupezeka kumapiri a Himalayas, Caucasus, Southeast Asia ndi North America.

Botanists adakhulupirira kale kuti azalea ndi rhododendron ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe ndi gawo limodzi la banja, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwawo komanso kukana kuzizira. Azalea amapanga tchire lowoneka bwino, osapitilira theka la mita ndipo salola chisanu. Rhododendrons amatha kukula mpaka 3 m kutalika, ndipo safunikira pa nyengo ya nyengo (amatha kupirira kuzizira mpaka madigiri -20). Pakadali pano, gulu lina lasankhidwa m'magulu azinthu za mankhwala.

Gulu lamakono

Lero, asayansi, atapanga mayeso angapo amtundu, adaphatikiza mitundu yonse ya azaleas ku genod Rhododendron. Mwanjira ina, ndikulondola kuwona azalea ngati rhododendron, koma osati mosemphanitsa.

Pakugawidwa kwa dimba, azaleas akupitilizidwa kugawidwa mgulu lina, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusiyana kwa duwa. Ali ndi ma stamen 5 mu bud, 10 ndi ena mu Rhododendron. Kuphatikiza apo, wamaluwa aku Russia amadziwa bwino kuti tchire tating'onoting'ono timatha kubzala kunyumba kokha.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire azalea ku rhododendron mawonekedwe

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa oimira amtundu womwewo kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake kungatanthauzidwe m'mawu awiri - amphaka amphona ndi ziphona. Chitsamba cha azalea sichitha kupitirira 50 cm, nthawi zambiri kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 30. Nthawi yomweyo, mulifupi wa inflorescence umafika masentimita 7-12. Zomera zofananira zotere zimakula bwino m'miphika yamaluwa. Itha kuyikidwa pawindo limodzi ndi mbewu zamasiku onse.

Duwa lakunja silitenga malo ambiri

Kutalika kwa rhododendron wamtchire ndi mitundu yake yamdimba kumatha kufika 3 m, nthawi zina - mamitala 4. Zitsamba zamphamvu kapena mitengo yaying'ono imabzalidwa mwanjira yazithithi kapena ngati mitengo yayikulu - tapeworms pa udzu.

Kusintha kwina:

• kuchuluka kwa stamens mu bud;
• Duwa la azalea limafanana ndi khosi lotseguka; mu Rhododendron ulusi wooneka ngati belu;
• masamba a nthano zazing'ono adakutidwa ndi masamba owoneka bwino;
• pafupifupi azaleas onse (kupatula achi Japan) amataya masamba mkati mwa matalala; masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse amapezeka pakati pa rhododendrons.

Kusiyana mu Azalea ndi Rhododendron Care

Mu nyengo ya Russia, azalea amalimidwa kokha ngati chipinda kapena duwa la greenhouse. Oyimira osasamala a banja la a Vereskovye atha kukula mpaka kufupi ndi dera la Moscow, ku Urals, kum'mwera kwa Siberia ndi Far East.

Khoma lomwe limaphuka ngati izi la Rhododendrons litha kulimidwa m'munda wanu

Zomera zonse ziwiri zimafunikira gawo lokhazikika, lomwe limatha kupuma komanso acidic 4-5 pH. Kubzala mitundu yamkati, osakaniza amakonzedwa:

• coniferous humus (tengani dothi m'nkhalango ya payini kapena singano za kompositi kwa zaka zitatu);
• peat;
• mchenga (vermiculite).

Zopangira zofunikira mu 2: 1: 1. Mutha kugula dothi lopangidwa kale ndi malo ogulitsira. Pansi pa mphika, miyala kapena miyala yophwanyika iyenera kuthiridwa kuti iteteze mizu kuti isasunthike.

Zomera zakunja zimawonjezera zinthu izi panthaka, pamtunda wa makilogalamu 5-6 a peat ndi coniferous humus, 5-7 kg ya mchenga pa 1 lalikulu. m

Kusiyana koyamba. Mitundu ina ya Rhododendron imakula bwino pamadothi acidic osalowerera, pomwe azalea amangofunika dothi lokhalokha.

Zomera zonse ziwiri zimayikidwa pamalo owala bwino, koma osati dzuwa. Malo otsetsereka kum'mawa kapena chiwembu pamalo otseguka a mitengo yayikulu ndiabwino. M'mithunzi yowala, maluwa amakhala ochepa, mtundu wa ma pals. Zinyumba zam'nyumba ziyenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi magawo ofunda, chifukwa azalea simalola mpweya wouma ndi wotentha.

Kusamalira tsinde la mumsewu kumakhala kuthirira, kudyetsa, kudulira ndi pogona nthawi yozizira (m'madera amenewo momwe kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kumatsikira madigiri -20).

• Rhododendron imathiriridwa madzi osachepera 2 pa sabata, ndikuthira ndowa 1.5 zamadzimadzi pansi pa chitsamba chachikulu. Madziwo amakhala ndi acid ndi mandimu, succinic kapena oxalic acid.
• Tchire limadyetsedwa masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Pofuna kuti zisasokoneze acidity ya nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tifotokozere zovuta za feteleza wa michere omwe amapangidwira gulu lazomera. Kuthirira ndi mchere yankho pansi pa muzu womwe umasinthana ndi kupopera masamba. Pomalizira, amaloledwa kukhwimira pamwamba pa dothi pozungulira chitsamba ndi kompositi (vermicompost) ndi asidi (peat) peat.
• Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, ma rhododendrons amatsitsidwa. Pansi pa tsinde mumayikika ndi utuchi mpaka kutalika 20-30 cm, korona amakulungidwa ndi zigawo za lutrasil yoyera, chitsamba chokutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba pake. Mitundu yokonda kutentha (yobiriwira) nthawi zonse, nyumba za plywood zimamangidwa, malo ake amkati omwe amadzaza ndi utuchi, tchipisi za polystyrene, masamba ogwa.

Mu bokosi loterolo, mbewuyo siopa chisanu ndi chisanu

Pakufunika, rhododendron imadulidwa, kuchotsa mphukira zakale ndi zowonongeka. Safuna kupangika chisoti chokhwima ngati chisoti chachifumu, amangoyang'anira kuti chisade.

Kusamalira chomera cha chipinda munthawi yakulima sikungasiyane ndi kusamalira dimba. Pokhapokha kuyenera kuthiriridwa madzi, kupewa kuthimbirira nthaka ndikusokosera kwamadzi mu poto.

M'nyengo yozizira, ma radiator akamagwira ntchito mokwanira, ndikofunikira kuteteza azalea kuti asatenthedwe ndi mpweya wouma. Ochita maluwa amabwera ndi njira zambiri zoteteza ziweto:

• zidutswa za ayezi zimayikidwa pansi mumphika osakhudza thunthu;
• ikani maluwa pa khonde lowoneka bwino, komwe kutentha kumasungidwa pa + 8 ... +15 degrees;
• kuthira madzi ndi kuthira azalea ndi madzi, kutentha osaposa +16 madigiri.

Mutatha maluwa ndi azalea, mphete zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• kudula masamba okhazikika ndi mphukira zazing'ono zowonjezera, kukulitsa korona;
• mphika wamaluwa umapangidwanso mu chipinda chamthunzi ndi chozizira (kutentha osati pamwamba pa +15 degrees);
• peretsani chinyezi cha mpweya pamtunda wa 70% (ikani ma mbale ndi madzi pafupi ndi mbewu, kuthirira azalea ndi madzi ozizira).

Nthawi yomwe maluwa atha kukhala yabwino ndikubzala mbewu zakunyumba, ngati pangafunike. Poto yotalika ndi yotsika imasankhidwira chitsamba, komwe imasamutsidwa popanda kudzaza khosi ndi dothi.

Kusiyana kwachiwiri. Zomera zamkati zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera nthawi yozizira komanso pambuyo maluwa. Mabasi nthawi yozizira mumsewu ndiwodalirika mokwanira.

Panthawi yamaluwa komanso gawo lokhimba kubzala msipu wobiriwira, azalea amafunika mavalidwe apamwamba apakati pa sabata ndi feteleza apadera (Fasco, Kemira).

Kusiyana kwachitatu. Rhododendron ilibe malire okwanira pafupipafupi kuposa mbewu zakunyumba.

Mukamasankha tchire la dimba lanu, ndikofunikira kuti musasakanikane ndi kusapeza azalea wofatsa m'malo mwa Rhododendron wosanyengerera. Ali aang'ono, popanda maluwa panthambi, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa mbande wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zodzala ziyenera kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa kumene kukongoletsa sikuloledwa.