Dewdrop - chomera cholusa, chisamaliro cha kunyumba

Zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizosiyanasiyana. Pali maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi fungo loipa komanso mbewu zoyipa ku uve, kuphatikiza fungo labwino. Kudera lamatsenga lamitengo, tchire ndi maluwa, pali anthu ambiri omwe amazizwa ndi chidwi ndi kukula, kuthekera kuzolowera chilengedwe, komanso kupulumuka m'nkhalango komanso m'chipululu.

Padziko lonse pali gulu la mbewu zomwe zimachokera m'mabanja osiyanasiyana, koma zimagawana zofanana - ndizachilengedwe. Amatha kukumana m'malo aliwonse okhala nyengo komanso kumayiko onse kupatula Arctic. Chimodzi mwazomerazi ndi sundew.

Chomera chotsogola

Pali duwa lachilendo pagulu la nyama zolusa. Dewdrop ndi chomera chosateteza, chomwe chili ndi mitundu 164. Ngakhale zimatha kupezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi, zambiri zimamera ku New Zealand ndi Australia. Oimira masabata, omwe amakula kumpoto, ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa anzawo otentha. Mwachitsanzo, phesi la chimphona chachikulu ku Australia limatha kufika 60-100 cm.

Rosyanka - wolusa wokongola

Royal sundew yachifumu imatha kudya osati tizilombo, komanso nkhono, mbewa, achule ndi mikanda. M'mayiko aku Europe okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, mutha kupeza, kuphatikiza pazizolowezi zozungulira zozungulira (drosera rotundifolia), mitundu ingapo yamadzulo. Mu Northern Hemisphere, nthumwi ya banja ili ndi masamba obota (drosera anglica) imamera m'madambo. Amakula pamwala, posakhala - pamiyala.

Kumanga

Dewdrop ndi chomera cholusa; momwe zimakhalira zachilengedwe chimatha kukhala ndi zazikulu komanso kapangidwe kake. Kum'mwera chakumadzulo dzuwa limamera, ndipo limakhala lokwera komanso lokwera kwambiri. Ku Australia ndi ku Cape of Good Hope pali anthu ena omwe amakula m'matchire, ena omwe amafikira kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 1.5-3 m). Kumpoto kotentha komwe kali kotentha, chomera ichi ndichopanda kukula komanso chosiyana ndi anthu akumalo otentha.

Kodi dzuwa limawoneka bwanji? Mfundo zachikhalidwe za onse oimira banja sundew (Droseraceae) ndizofanana. Masamba a chomera amatengedwa mu rosette yoyambira. Mu mitundu ina amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ena - obala. Cilia akhoza kukhala wobiriwira, wofiyira kapena wansalu.

Maluwa apinki, oyera kapena rasipiberi sundew ndi okwera kwambiri, chifukwa cha maudindo ataliatali. Zachilengedwe zimakonda, kumamupatsa iye mawonekedwe.

Kapangidwe kazachilengedwe ka mbewu yokongoletsa - sundew

Masamba a mbewu amatsegulidwa kwa tsiku limodzi lokha. Kuti tizilomboto titha kumalowetsa mungu ndipo osagwera mumsampha wamasamba odulira, duwa liyenera kukula. Pambuyo pakuvundukula, mabokosi okhala ndi njere zazing'ono amapangidwa. Mizu ya sundew ndi yofooka. Ntchito yawo ndikuyang'anira duwa pansi ndikuthirira dothi. Adzalandira mapuloteni komanso mchere wofunikira, chifukwa cha omwe amamuvutikira.

Mwachitsanzo, kanyumba kam'madzi kakang'ono, komwe kanasiya kupanga michere yofunikira yopezera mchere m'nthaka. Si mitundu yonse ya banja ili yomwe idalephera kwathunthu kulandira zakudya za muzu.

Njira yamphamvu

Ndiye kodi ndi tsiku lanji? Chifukwa chiyani amalimbikitsa mantha kwa aliyense yemwe wapezeka kuti wamuwona akusaka? Dzinalo "sundew" chomera lidalandilidwa kuti lifanane ndi milu yonyezimira ya zomatira zomata pa villi yamasamba ndi mame. Chomera chake ndi chofiyira kapena chobiriwira chokhala ndi masamba okhala ndi 25 cilia m'mbali ndi pamwamba pa tsamba.

Mapeto ake, villi imakhala ndi makulidwe omwe amachititsa kuti mandimu azikhala ndi fungo labwino. Kukopeka ndi kuwoneka kwa m'malovu ndi kununkhira kosangalatsa, tizilombo popanda mantha timakhala pamtamba ndikumangirira pamtunda. Chomera cholusa chimayankha nthawi yomweyo kukhudza.

Amakulunga pepalalo, kuyesera kuti am'gwire wovutayo ndi cilia yonse. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikhazikika, timawonjezera mankhwalawo.

M'malovu amadzimadzi am'maso, pomwe nyama imamizidwa kwathunthu, kuphatikiza ndi michere yam'mimba, sundws zina zimakhala ndi zinthu zopuwala. Popeza agwera mumsampha wotere, wozunzidwayo amasintha kukhala chakudya zana limodzi. Kugaya kwa mitundu ina ya zakumwa kumachitika mwa mphindi, mwa zina kumatenga masiku angapo.

Chakudya chikanyowetsedwa, chinsalu chimayamba, masamba okha a tizilombo kapena nyama yomwe imatha kuwoneka padziko lapansi. Enzymes zomwe zimagwira chimbudzi zimatha kusungunula ngakhale cartilage yanyama. Kuchokera kwa tizilombo, chipolopolo chawo chokhacho chimatsalira. Kwa nthawi yayitali, tsamba tsamba limakhala louma. Koma pamene Drosera ali ndi njala, "misozi" imawonekeranso pa cilia. Chomera cha sundw kachiwiri "chituluka" kukasaka.

Rosyanka "ali ndi nkhomaliro"

Ngakhale masentimita ndi udzudzu sizingabwere duwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mbewuyo sadzafa. Gwero la chakudya chama protein chake, monga chomera chilichonse, chimagwira monga mpweya woipa komanso nthaka yokhala ndi michere yambiri.

Ntchito m'chilengedwe

Kutchire, dzuwa limagwira ngati mtundu wa balancer womwe umasunga pakati pa maluwa ndi zinyama. Palibe aliyense ndipo palibe chomwe chilipo m'dziko lapansi monga choncho. Cholengedwa chilichonse chamoyo ndi chinthu chosafa chili ndi gawo lofunikira. Izi zimachitika ndi chomera cha drosera.

Ngati mitengo yamatabwa imawonedwa ngati "yolongosoka" mitengo yomwe ili m'nkhalango idadya tizilombo zovulaza pakhungwa, ndiye kuti dzuwa limawotchera mitengo. Achibale akumwera amadyanso maluwa akuluakulu oimira zinyama. Zonse zimatengera zabwino zonse: nyalugwe wamatchera - sundew anali mwayi. Ziwonetserozi zimafunikanso kudya kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Kapangidwe kabwino ka duwa kameneka, kamapanga ma rosette ofukula, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 cm mpaka 1-3 m.Ngakhale kuti mizu yofooka komanso mawonekedwe osalimba, ma perenni ena nthawi zina amakhala ndi zaka 50. Mame omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi komwe kumatentha kwambiri amapuma nthawi yozizira.

Mitundu yamadzulo

Zomera zokongoletsa, sundew ndi zochuluka kwambiri komanso ndizofala. Popeza kudutsa madambo a Kumpoto kwa America ku America, Europe ndi Asia, dzuwa lasintha kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, chifukwa chochepa. Kuperewera kwa phosphoric, potaziyamu ndi mchere wa nayitrogeni womwe umapezeka ndi mizu yokhazikitsidwa ndi dothi louma "unakakamiza" mbewuyo kuti itembenukire ku njira yatsopano yodyetsera: kudya ntchentche, udzudzu, chinjoka, zomwe ndizambiri m'madambo.

Chifukwa cha masamba osinthika okhala ndi tiziwisi tambiri, ma sundws anaphunzira kugwira nyama yawo ndikuigaya kudzera mu michere ndi ma organic acid ochokera ku cilia.

Zosokonekera zachilengedwe

Osangokhala kum'mawa kwa hemisphere wokhazikika. Palibe kontinenti imodzi, kupatula Arctic, yomwe sinawone chidwi ndi sundew. Itha kupezeka ku zipululu ndi mchenga wa ku Africa, m'malo opezeka ku Mexico komanso kumapiri a Caucasus. Kuyambira kale, olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba, oimba ndi ojambula adapereka ntchito zawo kwa "wambewu wokongola "yu, ndikuzipatsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe sizinachitikepo.

A Chingerezi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitcha kuti "mame a dzuwa", omwe amatchedwa kuti flycatcher. Dzinalo "Drosera" ("Dew") linaperekedwa kwa mtengowo ndi wasayansi wazachilengedwe waku Sweden Karl Linney. Inde, ma buluguwa omata a mtengo uwu kuchokera kutali atha kugonedwa ngati mame. Maso athu ndi okongola komanso osokosera, oopsa.

Chingerezi Chingerezi

English Dewdrop (Drosera anglica) idachokera ku Hawaii. Anapeza kwawo kwatsopano ku Caucasus, Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine, ku Siberia ndi mayiko aku Central Asia. Nthawi zambiri mitundu yamagetsiyi imatha kupezeka ku Canada, USA, Far East, Europe ndi Japan.

Chingerezi chautali wamanja

Imakhazikika pafupipafupi ndi kuzungulira kwazungu ndi kwapakatikati. Malo okondedwa a Drosera anglica ndi ma sphagnum bogs okhala ndi dothi lonyowa. M'malo ena okhala, mbewuyi ili pachiwopsezo kutha, motero idalembedwa mu Red Book la zinthu zachilendo ku Russia.

Pofotokozera Sundew yachingerezi, munthu akhoza kuzindikira kuti imakula kuyambira 9 mpaka 24 cm, ili ndi masamba yayitali (9-11 cm) ndi maluwa oyera. Mbewu zimakhazikitsidwa mu bokosi ndikabalalika nditakhwima kwathunthu.

Cape sundew

Cape sundew (Drosera capensis) ndi m'modzi mwa nthumwi zokongola kwambiri za banja la Rosyankov. Amakula pakhomo. Cape sundew ili ndi tsinde laling'ono ndi masamba ataliitali. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira, chokhala ndi malo abwino operekera chipinda, chimatha kutulutsa maluwa oyera chaka chonse. Ngakhale anali wamtali, ali ndi 13 cm chabe, ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri.

Cape sundew - imodzi mwazomera zokongola kwambiri

Ikagwira kachilombo atakutidwa ndi cilia wofiirira komanso woyera, tsamba lalitali limatulutsa.

Dzuba lozungulira

Chomera ichi ndicomwe chimapezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Dewdrop round-leaved (drosera rotundifolia) imamera pafupifupi konsekonse. Nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka pa peatlands. Masamba okhala ndi tentery villi amapezeka pafupifupi pamizu. Maluwa amapezeka mu Julayi.

Round-leaved sundew - mitundu yodziwika bwino ya banja la Rosyanokov padziko lapansi

Maluwa oyera amatuluka pamiyala ya masentimita 19; utatha kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbewu m'mabokosi. Zachilendo, koma mbewu yolusa iyi ili ndi mayina ambiri achikondi: "Mulungu" kapena "Mame a Solar", "Rosichka", "Maso a Tsar."

Alicia Rosyanka

South Africa ndi kwathu kwa Alicia. Masamba a duwa amafanana ndi timbale tating'ono, timene timakhala ndi timitengo tambiri tambiri. Maluwa apinki ku sundew Alicia amakula mu mawonekedwe a cystiform inflorescence. Njira yosangalatsa yosakira mbuto ya tizilombo.

Alicia Rosyanka wochokera ku Africa

Olozeka atangogwera pa cilia, nthawi yomweyo amasamutsa nyamayo pakati pa tsamba. Amapindika ngati mpukutu, amayamba kugaya chakudya. Chakudya chikamaliza, tsamba limayamba ndipo pakapita kanthawi limakutidwanso ndi zomata zonunkhira.

Binata Rosyanka ndizovuta ziwiri

Malo okhala sundew binata (Drosera binata) ndi gombe ndi zisumbu za Australia. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa chomera chachikulu kwambiri cholusa chomwe chimakula mpaka 60 cm. Duwa lawiri-lodziwika bwino limatchedwa kuti mphukira zopendekeka ziwiri za cilia, zomwe sizimagwiritsa ntchito masiku amtundu wa Lopastny.

Msambo wa Rosyanka

Komwe sunds ikukula, mutha kudziwa kuchokera ku dzina lake. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya anthu okhala pabwalo. Zodziwika kwambiri ndizazolowereka, zochokera ku Chingerezi ndi zapakati. Amakhazikika pamadothi a marshy omwe akusowa nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium ndi magnesium.

Binata sundew yovuta kwambiri ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya Rosyankovs

Kusaka tizilombo komanso kuzidya, amapanga kuchepa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, kulekerera nyengo yachisanu bwino kwambiri. Impso zawo zimatha kusungidwa m'matumba okhala ndi sphagnum moss kwa miyezi isanu. Pakubwera kwa kuwala koyamba, mphukira zoyambirira zimayamba kulowa.

Zakudya Zam'mawa

Monga anthu ochokera ku subtropics, mitundu yambiri yam'madzuwa imakhala mizu ndikubereka muukapolo, ndiko kuti, kunyumba. Kusamalira mbewu izi kumafunikira mwapadera. Chosangalatsa kwambiri mu nkhaniyi ndi nkhani ya zakudya. Droser sangathe kudyetsedwa, ndikuyembekeza kubwezeretsanso zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka. Koma kenako imakula pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mu sabata muyenera kupatsa ntchentche 2-3, koma osati yayikulu kwambiri.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba

Ngati mukufuna kulima sundew kapena flytrap kunyumba, muyenera kudziwa bwino mbewu zamtunduwu. Mukalandira chidziwitso, mutha kugula mbewu pamalo ogulitsira apadera, nazale kapena kulemba kudzera pa intaneti. Machitidwe otsatirawa akhale motere:

1. mu mphika wa maluwa 10cm wokulirapo tengani sphagnum moss kapena osakaniza 70% peat, 30% mchenga kapena dongo lotukuka, nyowetsani bwino;
2. pangani zofunikira m'nthaka ndikuziyala mbewu (ndizabwino);
3. ndibwino kuthirira mbewu poto;
4. kuyembekezera mbande ndikuwona kukula tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zakudya Zam'mawa

Pakatha mwezi, mbewu za sundw zimamera ndipo zimakula.

Kusamalira Panyumba

Sundew yanyumba sizimafunikira nthawi yambiri komanso chisamaliro. Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri, ngakhale chimakhala bwino mthunzi. Dzuwa, masamba ake amakhala achikasu kapena ofiira, ndipo amakhalabe obiriwira pamthunzi.

Kuthirira ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, potengera mtundu wa duwa. Ngati izi ndi mitundu yaku Australia yomwe imapanga ma tubers, ndiye kuti itha kupanga popanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yambiri imakonda nthaka yonyowa. Chizindikiro choyamba chosowa chinyezi ndi kusapezeka kwa m'malovu. Potere, muyenera kumiza mphika wamaluwa mumtsuko waukulu ndi madzi.

Kukula chomera cha hygrophyte kenako ndikuwasamalira ndichinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa mosakayikitsa ngati mbewu iyi ilinso wadyera. Kusamalira sundew kunyumba sikovuta kwambiri, ngakhale mbewu iliyonse imafuna chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro. Chifukwa chake, ntchito iliyonse iyenera kuchitidwa ndi chidwi, chikondi ndi moyo.