Ankhuza ndi mtengo wowuma wa herbaceous, wokhala ndi maluwa owala oyera, achikaso, abuluu kapena ofiirira. Mitunduyi ndi ya banja la Burachnikov, imakhala ndi mitundu ya pachaka komanso yosatha.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Mitundu yoposa 40 yamtundu womwe imafalikira mu subtropics kuchokera ku Western Europe kupita ku Asia, mitundu ina imapezeka kumwera kwa Africa. Grassy, mphukira zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri za ankhuza zopanga matchuthi 25 mpaka 100. Zoyambira ndizowongoka, zopindika kwambiri, zopaka utoto wobiriwira, koma zimatha kukhala ndi ma brown kapena ofiira. Masamba amaloledwa, lanceolate, wobiriwira wopepuka. Amakhala zolimba pachimake, koma samapezeka kawirikawiri kutalika kwake. Pa mphukira ndi mitsempha yam'munsi mwa tsamba pali tsitsi lalifupi, lolimba.
Mizu yake ndi yotakata, imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Kwa iye, mbewuyo idatchedwa ndi dzina, lomwe limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini kuti "zodzoladzola" kapena "zodzola."
Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi, ma inflorescence omwe anali ochepa okha amawoneka ngati akufalikira kwambiri. Chidutswa chilichonse chimakhala ndi chifupi. Mu kapu yokhala ndi maluwa, mpaka ma 1.5 masentimita, mumakhala timiyala 5 tating'ono. Pakatikati pake papakidwa kanthu, limakhala ngati cholembera. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, zipatso zomwe zimakhala mozungulira kapena mtedza wa ovoid zimacha. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wa imvi ndipo amafikira mainchesi 5 mm.
Mitundu yazomera
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pachaka imaphatikizapo Ankhuza Cape - wokhala ku South Africa. Mtengowo umapanga zitsamba zazitali 40-70 masentimita. Mapangidwe ake a pubescent amayamba nthambi pafupi ndi nthaka. Nsonga za mphukira zimakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, kukula kwake ndi 13-15 mm. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa abuluu omwe ali ndi maso oyera kapena ofiira. Tsamba lililonse limakhala lalitali masentimita 16-18. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, mitundu yotsatirayi idapangidwa motengera mitundu iyi:
- Alba - yokhala ndi inflorescence yoyera-yoyera;
- BlendinBlu - inflorescence yakumtambo-yamtambo imakwirira chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa 45 cm;
- Blue Angel - tating'ono tating'ono (20-25 cm) wokhala ndi maluwa abuluu;
- BlueBed - maluwa amtundu wa buluu wokhala ndi korona wamisamba yaying'ono 45 cm.
Pakati pa olima dimba, chisakanizo cha mbewu ya Cappuccino Ankhuza ndiyotchuka. "mame ochepera". Pansi pa dzinali, mitundu yazaka komanso yosatha yozizira yosemphana ndi maluwa abuluu, ofiirira, maluwa a kirimu amaphatikizidwa. Kutalika kwa nthambi zimayambira ndi 50-60 cm.
Mitundu ya nthawi yayitali imadziwikanso - ankhuza Italian, amatchedwanso azure. Imapezeka mu nyengo yotentha komanso yamtunda ku Russia, Asia Asia ndi Mediterranean. Mtengo wobiriwira kwambiri wokhazikika womwe umakhala ndi masamba olimba kwambiri umafikira masentimita 80 ndi tchire m'lifupi mwake masentimita 50-60. M'malo opangira nthambi, tsinde silimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima. Mawonekedwe a tsamba ali lanceolate kapena oblong ndi kumapeto kowonekera. Maluwa amdima abuluu kapena abuluu, mpaka 15mm m'mimba mwake, amasonkhanitsidwa m'malo ochititsa mantha apadera a inflorescence. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa Meyi ndipo kumatha miyezi iwiri. Mitundu yotsatirayi yamitunduyi ndiyodziwika:
- LoddonRoyalist - tumphuka tofika mpaka 90 masentimita ndi maluwa abuluu kapena abuluu omwe amatulutsa mkatikati mwa June;
- RovalBlue - tchire limaphuka ndi ma inflorescence a buluu;
- Opal - maluwa amtundu wabuluu akongoletsa tchire mpaka 1,2 m;
- MorningGlory - maluwa abuluu amakhala ndi maziko oyera;
- Dropmore - imodzi mwamafuta apamwamba kwambiri (pafupifupi 1.5 m), imaluwa mu buluu kwambiri;
- Dontho la chilimwe - tchire 80-100 masentimita amtali wokhala ndi mbewa zofiirira komanso maluwa abuluu owala ndi maso oyera.
Mitundu yatsopano ya haibridi yotchuka Ankhuza mame. Chomera chachitali chamtunduwu mpaka 1.5 m, chimakhala ngati zitsamba zobiriwira zokutira ndi masamba amdima amdima. Maluwa ali ndi maziko ofiira.
Ku Caucasus, nyengo yotentha ya Russia, Belarus ndi Ukraine, mitundu ina ili ponseponse - Ankhuza officinalis. Amakonda malo otsetsereka ndi mchenga, komanso zomata pafupi ndi misewu ndi zowombera. Mtundu umakhala zaka ziwiri, umakhala ndi phesi kumtunda. Masamba ofanana amapezeka kutalika konse kwa mphukira, kutalika kwake kumafikira 5-10 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1 cm.Mphukira umakongoletsedwa ndi mapaki obiriwira a inflorescence mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm. Chomera chimatengedwa ngati mbewu yabwino ya uchi.
Kulima mbewu
Kukula ankhuza kum'mwera, njere zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'malo otchingidwa. Chitani izi mu kugwa kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakati pa Epulo, ndipo mu Meyi amathanso kuwaika kumalo okhazikika. Pakati pa mbande ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda wa 20-25 cm. Maluwa amayembekezeka kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mbande zofesedwa m'mabokosi akuluakulu koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ma trouse okhala ndi peat subintate amakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusiyidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 18 + C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Pakubwera masamba awiri enieni, mbande zimadulidwa mumiphika yosiyana, ndipo kumapeto kwa Meyi zimabzalidwa m'munda wamaluwa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kufalitsa mbewu ndi koyenera kwa mitundu yoyera ya ankhuza. Zodziwika za hybrid ndi mitundu yamibadwo yamtsogolo sizifotokozedwanso.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena Meyi, tchire la mitundu yosatha limagawidwa m'magawo angapo. Mbewuyo imakumbidwa ndipo mizu yake imadulidwa kuti athe kupeza gawo la mpingowo ndi mphukira pansi. Malo omwe mabala amayenera kuwazidwa ndi makala amoto, phulusa kapena choko. Ojambula amabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuthirira.
Kusamalira mbewu
Ankhuza safuna chisamaliro chachikulu. Amakonda loamy kapena kuwala, dothi lamchenga ndi kuwonjezera kwa humus ndi tsamba humus. Kuti zikule bwino, mizu imafunikira madzi okwanira. Amakonzekereratu malo okhala m'mundawo kapena mthunzi wofowoka kwambiri. Sawopa kuzizira komanso mphepo yamphamvu, koma mitundu italiitali imatha kuvutika ndi mphepo yamphamvu, chifukwa chake ayenera kuthandizira.
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimavomereza chilala ndipo sizifunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse. M'nyengo yotentha, michere kapena michere yaying'ono imawonjezeredwa kamodzi pamwezi.
Ma wilores inflorescence amalimbikitsidwa kuti adulidwe kuti alimbikitse maluwa mobwerezabwereza. Kudulira kumachitika mosamala ndi magolovesi oteteza. Madzi a chomera ndi oopsa ndipo amatha kubweretsa mkwiyo pakhungu.
Mwa matenda omwe amafala, ufa wa powdery ndiwofunika kuwunikira, zovuta za aphid ndizothekanso. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, mumagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mphukira zowonongeka zimadulidwa ndikuwonongeka.
M'dzinja, gawo lapansi limadulidwa kwathunthu. Kwa mitundu yosatha, pobisalira nthambi zanthete zimakonzedwa kapena dothi lololedwa ndi masamba.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Tchire loyenda mosangalatsa limawoneka bwino m'minda yamagulu. Mitundu yotsika mtengo imapanga kapeti wopitilira yemwe amakongoletsa bwino gombe lalitali kapena mapiri otsetsereka kuchokera kumwera kapena kummawa.
Ndikofunikira nyimbo zamitundumitundu pafupi ndi chotchinga, m'miyala kapena poyambira makonde. Chimawoneka bwino m'dera loyandikana ndi thuja, daffodils, primrose, fulakesi, marigolds, Iberis. Maluwa onunkhira amakopa agulugufe ambiri ndi tizilombo ta uchi.
Magawo ena a mbewu akupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zodzikongoletsera ndi mankhwala.
