Ngakhale ambiri amaganizira zosatha lupins maluwa okongola ndipo amaganiza kuti kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa ndi kovuta m'munda wamaluwa, zomera izi zikufala kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Lupine - woimira banja la legume, ali ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri ya nthambi. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono owala kwambiri amakhala pamtengo wandiweyani, wambiri. Nthawi yopuma ya Lupine imadalira mtundu wa zomera. Duwa limaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a shrub kapena shrub.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la duwa limachokera ku lat. "Lupus" ndi nkhandwe, choncho chomera chimatchedwa "mmbulu nyemba."Nkhaniyi ikukuuzani momwe mungakulire lupins osatha m'munda wanu.
Kusankha malo okhala ndi lupini m'munda
Lupins m'mapangidwe a minda, madera, ziwembu zikufala kwambiri. Kuti chomeracho chimasangalale ndikukondweretseni ndi mawonekedwe ake, chiyenera kubzalidwa pamalo abwino. Ndi bwino kubzala lupine pamalo okongola kwambiri, chifukwa mumthunzi zomera zimatha ndipo zimatayika maonekedwe ake.
Pamene mukukula lupine, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo a agrotechnology, kuphatikizapo kuphatikizapo funso la otsogolera. Mitundu yoyenera kwambiri ya lupine ndiyo nyengo yozizira komanso tirigu wambiri. Ngati mwasankha kubzala lupine m'malo mwa mbewu yosatha kapena chomera chokha - simuyenera kuchita izi. Pofuna kuteteza chomera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndi bwino kudzala duwa kutali ndi cruciferous ndi osatha masamba. Ngati mukufuna kugula lupine pamalo omwe kale, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kuchitika kokha zaka 3-4.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zikuchitika kuti mumakula lupins m'malo am'mlengalenga, ndi bwino kumangiriza maluwa kuti zithandizire kuti tsinde lisaswe.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Musanabzala lupini m'munda mwawo ndikuyamba kukula maluwa kuchokera ku mbewu, nkofunika kuti muchite njira zothandizira. Izi makamaka chifukwa chokonzekera nthaka yobzala. Njirayi iyenera kuyamba mu kugwa, mwamsanga mutatha kukolola, musanayambe malo. Pofuna kupewa kuola kwa mizu, komanso kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbeu, kufunika kwa nthaka kumafunika. Gawo lofunika ndilo kukonzekera mbewu, zomwe ziyenera kubzalidwa kuti zikhale ndi mbande za lupine m'dekha ndi nthaka yosayera.
Kukula lupine ku mbeu kudzera mu mbande
Kukula mbande ya lupine ndi njira yovuta komanso yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi. Kuti ndondomeko ikhale bwino, muyenera kuchita zonse, kutsatira malamulo, ndiyeno mudzapeza chomera chabwino pamunda wanu.
Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kufesa mbewu
Ndi bwino kuyamba kufesa mbewu kuchokera kumapeto kwa February - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, pamene kutentha kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kuti mbewu zizitha bwino, zitsani kuti zikhale bwino m'malo ozizira.
Nthaka kusakaniza kwa kumera
Polima lupine, kusankha dothi ndikofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa bwino pofuna kusakaniza mchenga, nthaka ya sod ndi peat mofanana.
Mukudziwa? Ngati phokoso la mapuloteni akale ophwanyidwa atayikidwa m'nthaka, mbewu zimakula mofulumira.Nthaka yobzala sayenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri.
Kufesa mbeu lupine kwa mbande
Musanabzala mbewu za lupine kwa mbande, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera. Mbewu isanayambe yabzala mu 50% yankho la "Fundazol" kuti liwonjezere mwayi wa kumera. Thirani gawolo muzakonzedwa bwino ndipo mupange 1.5-2 cm masentimita grooves mmenemo, chidebecho chikhale chachikulu, kapena ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chaching'ono, ndi bwino kubzala mbewu zochepa. Mbewu imangothamangitsidwa mu grooves ndipo ili ndi choyamba.
Ngati mbande imayima pamalo otentha, sikofunika kuti muzitha kumera ndi peat, koma ngati mbeu ili pamalo ozizira, ndibwino kuti mulch abzalidwe mbeu. Mudzawona mphukira yoyamba pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti ufulumire kutuluka kwa mphukira, ukhoza kuphimba chidebe ndi galasi kapena polyethylene.
Mbeu zidayenera kuthiriridwa mwamsanga mutangozindikira kuti gawo la pamwamba la gawolo lauma. Pa ulimi wothirira, kumasulidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa, komabe, kuyambira pa ulimi wothirira wachiwiri, kuti asakumbidwe mbewu. Ngati mutaphimba chidebe ndi pulasitiki - muyenera kuchotsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mutenge mpweya wabwino.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Mbande obzalidwa malo osatha pambuyo pa milungu 2.5-3, pamene mpweya kutentha kale ukukwera. Mbande zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yothira ndi yonyowa. Kwa kubzala mbewu zoyenera, zomwe zawonekera kale pa masamba akulu akulu 2-3. Pa nthaka yotseguka, mbande ziyenera kufesedwa pamtunda wina ndi mnzake - pafupifupi masentimita 35. Kupitako kumafunika kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu panthawi yopuma. Kubzala zopanda bwino kapena zofooka sizikufunikira, chifukwa sangathe kukhala amphamvu komanso kuti zichitike basi.
Kufesa mbeu lupine pansi
Pamene mbeu yobereka ya lupine zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusungidwa: mtundu wina ukhoza kuwonekera. Kufesa mbewu poyera ndi njira yophweka bwino ndipo imatenga nthawi yocheperapo kusiyana ndi kubzala lupine mu njira ya mbeu.
Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kufesa mbewu
Mu funso la pamene mungathe kubzala lupins pamalo otseguka, musamafulumire. Mitundu ya lupins yosatha, saopa frosts, koma ndibwino kuyembekezera nthawi yofunda. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri iyi ndi theka loyamba la mwezi wa April. Ngati mukufesa lupins pa nthawi ino, mudzakhala ndi maluwa chaka chamawa cha May - kumayambiriro kwa June.
Ndondomeko yobzala mbewu pansi
Sikokwanira kusankha nthawi yobzala lupini pamalo otseguka ndi mbewu, mumayenera kudziwa momwe mungachitire zimenezi. Njira yofesa ndi yophweka komanso yofanana ndi njira ya kukula mbande. Pofuna kubzala m'nthaka yokonzeka, m'pofunika kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono 2-3 masentimita. Tisanayambe kufesa, dothi loyamba limamera powonjezera superphosphate, phulusa, ufa wa dolomite, ndi mchenga kapena dongo.
Madzi oyambirira mu "Mbeza" afunikila kufesedwa kwa akuya 2 masentimita ndi owazidwa ndi gawo lapansi. Kuchokera mmwamba, nyembazo zimayenera kuwonetsedwa ndi peat wosanjikiza wa 1.5-2 masentimita. M'pofunika kusungunula nthaka molingana ndi nyengo, chifukwa chomera sichidzazukira mu nthaka yowonjezera.
Mukudziwa? N'zotheka kubzala lupins pamalo otseguka osati kasupe, komanso m'chilimwe komanso m'dzinja.
Mbali zimasamalira lupine m'munda
Kusamalira lupins n'kosavuta ndipo sikufuna ndalama zambiri. Kuti maluwa akhale omasuka, m'pofunikira kuti muzitha kuyamwa bwino, chakudya choyenera nthawi ndi udzu.
Momwe mungadziwire lupins
Kusamalira lupins ndiko kuthirira bwino maluwa. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chofunika ndi chomera chimasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. Mu nyengo yotentha, youma, lupins imafuna madzi ambiri. Kuthirira mbewu ayenera kukhala wambiri, koma osati nthawi zambiri. Kwa ulimi wothirira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula olekanitsidwa.
Kutsegula ndi kusalima nthaka m'deralo
Kutsegula kumathandiza kuti mpweya wabwino uloĊµe bwino m'nthaka ndikupangitsa kuti mizu ikhale yabwino. Ngati namsongole, ngati simukuwachotsa pa nthawi, chomeracho chingakhale ndi malo ochepa, kapena tizirombo "tidzasunthira" ku lupine wathanzi.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi ndi nthawi zimayenera kutsanulira pansi pa chitsamba kuti mzuzi usakhale wopanda kanthu ndipo umatetezedwa ku chimfine ndi mphepo.
Manyowa a Lupine
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, lupins safuna kudyetsa zina. Nthawi yoyamba maluwa amafunika kubereka mu chaka chachiwiri, mchere feteleza popanda nayitrogeni nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Top dressing ikuchitika m'chaka. Manyowa ayenera kukhala mu chiĊµerengero: Pa mamita 1 a malo ndikofunikira kubweretsa 20 g wa superphosphate ndi 5 g wa kloriamu kloride. Ndikoyenera kudyetsa chomera chaka chilichonse.
Thandizo kwa mapinde aatali
Ngakhale kuti lupins akhoza kukhala wamtali kwambiri, tsinde la maluwa amenewa ndi lovuta kwambiri. Mitundu yayitali ya lupine, tsinde limatha chifukwa cha mphepo yamphamvu, choncho ndi bwino kusamalira maluwa. Pachifukwachi, mtengo wamtengo wapatali kapena mtengo wamba wamtengo wapatali ndi woyenera. Kumanga chomera sikofunika kwambiri.
Momwe mungapezere maluwa a lupins kuzizira
Pofuna kutalikitsa maluwa a lupins, mukhoza kuwabzala mumthunzi wowala, pomwepo mtunduwo sungakhale wochepa, koma umakhalabe maluwa. Kuti maluwawo asungidwe mpaka kuzizizira, mbeu isanawonekere, muyenera kudula maluwa amaluwa ndi kuyembekezera maluwa atsopano mu August. Pankhaniyi, mbeu zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa chisanafike chisanu.
Nthawi yokolola ndi momwe mungasunge mbewu za lupine
Kuphuka kwa mbewu kumatchulidwa ndi chikasu cha mbeu ya mtundu wa pod. Pamene mukukolola mbewu, nkofunika kuti musalole kuti azibalalika kuzungulira chigawochi ndikufesa mofulumira. Kuti muchite izi, mutangozindikira kuti mbeu yambewu imayamba kukhala yonyezimira, ndibwino kuti musonkhanitse ndipo musayambe kuigwiritsa ntchito mu thumba la pulasitiki.
Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zina zina. Choncho, pakapita kanthawi muwona thumba la mbeu zambiri. Mukhoza kuzisunga phukusi lomwelo, pokhapokha mutachotsa pulogalamuyi. Malowa ndi bwino kusankha chouma ndi mdima.
Kodi kukonzekera osatha lupine baka m'nyengo yozizira
Kukonzekera lupins kwa nyengo yozizira kumayamba ndi kudulira zouma masamba, masamba obiriwira. M'madera ozizira kwambiri a kukula kwa lupini, malo okhala maluwa ndi peat adzafunikanso.
Mukudziwa? Asanafike m'nyengo yozizira, masamba onse akugwa ayenera kuchotsedwa pansi pa chitsamba. Izi zimachitika kuti athetse tizirombo ndi matenda omwe angathe.
Kubalana kwa lupins cuttings
Pofuna kufalitsa lupine ndi cuttings, m'pofunika kudula impso (yopangidwa pansi pa tsinde) pamodzi ndi gawo la muzu wazitsulo ndi kulima mu nthaka yamchenga. Yoyamba mizu ya cuttings imapangidwa masiku 20-25, ndiye mukhoza kuika pa cuttings ku malo osatha. Ngati mumasankha kudulira zipatso m'chaka, ndiye kuti mumayenera kutenga chombo pamunsi mwa tsinde, ndipo ngati chilimwe, pambali pamakhala masamba omwe amawombera.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kubalana kwa lupine cuttings kukhoza kupulumutsa mtundu wa masamba.
Lupine tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mayendedwe a matenda
Nthawi zambiri, lupine akudwala chifukwa chosafunika kukula: Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, kuyatsa bwino, nthaka yonyowa kwambiri idzachititsa maluwa kuonongeka ndi powdery mildew. Njira zolimbana ndi matendawa ndi zophweka: mankhwala ndi fungicides, kumasula nthaka ndi feteleza. Zovunda zakuda ndi zobiriwira zingawononge zomera chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka. Muyenera kulimbana nawo mothandizidwa ndi fungicides. Kuchokera kwa tizilombo lupins akuukira nyongolotsi, tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mukhoza kuwachotsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kudulira mbewu.
Monga mukuonera, kusamalira lupine ndi kophweka ndipo sikufuna ndalama zinazake zapadera. Maluwawo adzakusangalatsani ndi maonekedwe ake okongoletsera ndipo adzakongoletsa munda wanu kwa zaka zambiri.
