Pakati pa maluwa omwe safuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma nthawi yomweyo amatha kukongoletsa bwino mundawo kapena kanyumba ka chilimwe, nandolo wokoma ndi kale kwambiri. Chomera chovutikachi chimadziwika ndi maluwa ataliatali, kuwonjezera apo, chimakhala chonunkhira bwino koma chosasunthika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitundu yotulutsidwa masiku ano kumakwaniritsa wokolola wovuta kwambiri.
Nchai yokoma: maonekedwe ndi mbiriyakale ya zinthu
Lathyrus Odoratus ndi wa mtundu wa gulu la banja lankhondo lalikulu. Ichi ndi chomera chokwera udzu chokhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, koma okongola komanso ochulukitsa omwe amatengedwa mu burashi, momwe alimi ambiri amalinganiza maluwa ndi orchid. Mitundu ya maluwa imatha kusiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumtambo wamtambo wobiriwira kupita pamtambo wobiriwira ndi utoto, komanso kuchokera pamtambo woyera ndi wautoto wofiirira mpaka wofiyira ndi burgundy.
Nandolo zokoma zimatha kukongoletsa dera lililonse
Zambiri! Pakadali pano mitundu yamitundu iwiri imaberekanso, zomwe zikuyamba kutchuka kwambiri.
Nthanga ndimtundu wachinayi, ngakhale nyengo zina duwa lonunkhira limakula ngati pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha ntchito yopweteka kwambiri ya obereketsa, mitundu yambiri yapachaka yaonekera, yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu.
Nandolo zonunkhira zimayamba kuphuka kumapeto kwa Juni - koyambirira kwa Julayi, koma kutalika kwa maluwa ake kutengera ndi momwe angasamalidwe. Mukamatsatira malamulo ena osavuta, mbewuyo imakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ambiri mpaka atazizira.
Mitundu ya peyala yamitundu iwiri imadulidwa.
Mapesi a pea (magulu) okhala ndi masamba, masamba opini a pinnate ndi wobiriwira wowala. Pamapeto pa masamba pali tinyanga, chifukwa chomwe chomera chimatha kupindika, kugwiritsitsa thandizo. Kutalika kwa chomera chofukizachi kumadalira kuti ndi mtundu wanji, ndipo kumasiyana pakati pa 15-20 cm mpaka 2-2.5 m. Zipatso zaudindo ndizophuka, osati nyemba zazitali kwambiri ndi njere zingapo.
Amakhulupirira kuti malo omwe amapezeka nandolo wokoma ndi Sisile. Kuchokera pamenepo ndipamene adayambitsidwa ku India, ndipo kenako ku Europe. Masiku ano, nandolo zokongoletsa ngati mtengo wamaluwa zimalemekezedwa ku England, komwe ngakhale magulu onse a okonda amapangidwa. Nandolo zakunyumba zasanduka mtundu wa chizindikiro cha kapangidwe ka maluwa pano.
Zofunika! Mbewu zokoma za mtola ndizopanda poizoni, ndibwino kuzisiya kutali ndi ana ndi nyama.
Mitundu ya mtola wokoma
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu siyokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira kapena yapinki. Nandolo zoterezi zimatha kukula mpaka 2 m, kwinaku zikumamatira ndi tinyanga tawo pazinthu zonse zomwe zakumana nazo m'njira. Mitundu iyi iyenera kumangirizidwa, popeza kuyika zimayambira kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwawo ndikukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Nandolo zapachaka zimangokhala ndi mitundu ndi mithunzi yambiri, kuwonjezera apo, ndizonunkhira kwambiri kuposa kosatha.
Mitundu yonse ya nandolo nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu:
- Spencer Zosiyanasiyana ndizitali ndizitali zamphamvu ndi ma peduncles, m'mphepete mwamtundu wa pamakhala ndizovunda;
- Kazberston. Mphukira ndiwotalikirapo, wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri, ndiye kuti mbewu za gululi ndizokongola modulira;
- Royal. Mitundu yoyambirira yamaluwa limakhala m'gulululi, pomwe maluwa akulu okhala ndi miyala yapamwamba adapangira mwina mopepuka, yofewa, kapena, motalikirapo, mithunzi yambiri;
- Bijoux. Izi ndi zopindika (za 25-30 cm) zazomera zazikulu komanso zowala. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo;
- Pink Cupid. Pazosiyanasiyana za gululi, chizinthu chodziwika ndikuti pamtunda wapamwamba, m'mphepete mumakhala thovu. Zomera ndizochepa (mpaka 30 cm);
- Malingaliro Gululi limadziwika ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono (osapitirira 20 cm), chifukwa chomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthaka komanso ngati malire a malire.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magulu pamangidwe
Chifukwa chakutha kupindika komanso kuphuka kwa nthawi yayitali, gululi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga dimba. Malo abwino kwambiri omwe amafikira ndi awa:
- makoma omwe amafunikira kupatsidwa mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri;
- mipanda ndi mipanda yomwe nandolo zachikaso zidzasandukanso;
- kutalika kwa nsanja, komwe nkofunika kuti mumetedwe;
- amathandizira (ma grids, ma grids), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale khoma lobiriwira lomwe limaphukira.
Mitundu yotsika pang'ono imakwanira bwino kutchire mutabzala m'mphepete, pamabedi a maluwa, komanso m'minda imodzi yodulira ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Masamba akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka bwino kwambiri
Zambiri zodzala ndi chisamaliro
Kulima maudzu kumachitika mu njira yobzala, kapena pofesa mbewu mwachindunji. Kuphatikiza apo, zimafesedwa mu nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yophukira, popeza mbewuzo sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu komanso nthawi yozizira bwino m'nthaka, ndikuyamba kumera ndikutentha.
Tcherani khutu! Kubzala m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti zitheke mbewu zamphamvu komanso zowoneka bwino, zowumitsidwa mwachilengedwe, zomwe zingathe kulekerera kwambiri. Iwo ali kugonjetsedwa ndi kuthekera kwa kutentha kwa masika. Zomera zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa ambiri nyengo yonseyo.
Nthawi yomweyo, mbande zimapereka mwayi kuti maluwa atha kale. Vuto ndi njirayi yolima nandolo ndi muzu wake wautali, womwe umayankha molakwika kuziika, osakonda kuti usavutike. Potengera izi, ndibwino kubzala mbeu nthawi yomweyo m'mbale zosiyasiyana zomwe zimachepetsa kuvulala pakukula kwanyengo yachinyamata.
Makapu a peat ndi abwino kwambiri. Poterepa, kuyika m'nthaka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopweteka. Ngati chikho cha pulasitiki chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mbeu zomwe zidasungidwazo zimasinthidwa mosamala ndikuyika dothi lapansi.
Kubzala mbande
Mbande nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Choyamba, mbewu zimayang'aniridwa mosamala zowonongeka kapena kudwala, zomwe zimachotsedwa. Kenako mbewuzo zimafunika kuziwirira mumchere. Zomwe zimawoneka pansi ndizabwinonso kuchotsa, popeza mwayi woti adzauke ndi wochepa kwambiri.
Mbewu za nandolo ndizabzyala bwino kwambiri mumbale
Mbewu za pea zimamera bwino, choncho ndibwino kuti zizikonzekera kubzala: zilowerere kwa tsiku mwina m'madzi ofunda kapena m'madzi ndi kuphatikizira kwa bud. Zitatha izi, ndibwino kuyika njere mu utuchi wonyowa, mchenga kapena cheesecloth kwa masiku angapo, koma nthawi zonse pamtunda wosachepera 20 ° C. Munthawi imeneyi, njere zimaswa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimabzalidwa gawo lapansi. Mbewu ziwiri 2-3 zibzalidwe mchidebe chilichonse, siziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda m'nthaka zoposa mamilimita angapo.
Kuphatikizika kwa gawo lapansi kuyenera kuphatikizapo peat, turf ndi humus, ndipo nthawi yomweyo asanabzalidwe iye amakhala wothira. Zomwe zili ndi mbande zimakutidwa ndi kanema ndikuyika malo otentha komanso owira.
Zofunika! Musanagwiritse ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opatsirana ndi gawo limodzi la potaziyamu permanganate.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Pafupifupi milungu 1-2 mutabzala, mbande zoyambirira zimayamba kuonekera. Pakadali pano, amafunika kutsegulidwa ndikusamutsidwa kuchipinda chozizira. Musaiwale kusunga gawo lapansi lonyowa. Munthawi imeneyi, mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira kuunikira kwabwino, chifukwa ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa sikokwanira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ena.
Kuti ofananira nawo nthangala azitha kupanga bwino, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti mbande zokha zikangobalidwa masamba awiriawiri. Pambuyo pa njirayi, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbande (nthawi zambiri yankho la Kemira limalimbikitsa). Ndibwinonso kuyambira nthawi ino kuti muyambe kuumitsa pang'onopang'ono mbewu, ndikuzipititsa kanthawi pang'ono kupita panja.
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Pafupifupi pakatikati - kumapeto kwa Meyi, nthaka ikawotha bwino ndikuwopseza chisanu chamadzulo kutha, mbande zimabzalidwa panthaka. Ngati pofika nthawi imeneyi masamba atayamba kuphukira, ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa mbewuyo sikanapanga mizu yolimba.
Kufotokozera zam'magawo akuluakulu a chisamaliro
Mukamasankha malo oti mudzakhale, muyenera kuganizira zina mwatsatanetsatane:
- malowo akuyenera kuwayatsidwa ndikutenthetsedwa, koma sayenera kupezedwa, chifukwa nandolo wosakhwima sakonda izi;
- kukhalapo kapena kuthekera kwa kuthandizira kuyenera kuganiziridwanso mwachangu, ngati tikulankhula za mitundu yayitali;
- dothi patsambalo liyenera kukonzedwa (liyenera kukumbidwa ndi feteleza), lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, silikhala ndi dongo.
M'dzenje lirilonse lokonzekera, mbewu 2-3 zimabzalidwa, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mabowo umapangidwa osachepera 25-30 cm.
Musanabzale mbande panthaka, ndibwino kuchotsa masamba
Kuthirira mbewu zobzalidwa kumayenera kukhala zochulukirapo. Chomera chimafuna chinyezi, ndiye kuti dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake masamba osasweka adzayamba kugwa.
Tcherani khutu! Feteleza wa pea amachitika kuti apeze maluwa ambiri tchire. Mukamadyetsa, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti nandolo za nayitrogeni sizofunikira. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito urea ndi nitrophos, ndipo nthawi ya maluwa, feteleza wazomera zamaluwa (mwachitsanzo, Ross kapena Agricola).
Nandolo zimaponyera kunja maluwa kwakanthawi, ngati simungalole kuti zisinthe. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchotsa inflorescence kuzimiririka mu nthawi.
Pokonzekera yozizira, mitundu yosawerengeka ya nandayo imangodulidwa mpaka muzu, ndi cholinga chodzitenthetsa m'malo mwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri, yowazidwa ndi utuchi. Izi zikukwanira kuti chaka chamawa anakondweretsanso maluwa ake.
Nchai yokoma pa khonde
Ampel ndi ma sukulu owoneka bwino ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsera khonde. Komanso, ngakhale msungi wa novice amatha kudziwa bwino njira yolira, osati bwana wa izi.
Pakadali pano, mitundu yayikulu yosiyanasiyana ya nandolo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kubzala nthangala za mbande kapena nthawi yomweyo mumiphika pamphepete sikusiyana ndi kubzala masamba a nandolo. Maluwa amafunikira kutentha, kuyatsa, ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Mfundo yofunika mukamakula mbewu zazing'ono pa khonde ndizofunika kuti mutetezere kusintha kwa kutentha. Nandolo sidzalephera kuwonetsa kusakondwa kwawo poponya masamba onse. Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kukhala achangu nyengo yotentha yokhala ndi dzuwa mwachindunji, popeza chikondi cha masanjidwewo pakuwunikira bwino sichikhala ndi malire, motero ndibwino kupukusa mbewu pakatentha masana.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo ndi kuwongolera kwawo
Tsoka ilo, nandolo wotsekemera umakonda matenda ena, kotero zizindikiro zoyambirira zikaonekera, zinthu ziyenera kuchitidwa.
- Ascochitosis. Pamaso pa chomeracho, mawanga otsogola bwino akuyamba kuoneka. Tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa kangapo ndi masabata awiri ndi atatu ndikuwongolera lipenga.
- Zithunzi zokongola. Mtundu umawoneka pamwamba pamasamba, ndipo pamwamba pa tsinde limapindika ndikuwonongeka. Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, chifukwa chake tchire amakumbidwa ndikuwotcha.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zitawoneka, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu
- Zovunda. Khosi limafoola ndipo chomera chimafa. Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa limachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo dothi limatetezedwa.
- Fusarium Masamba a maluwa omwe akukhudzidwa amatembenukira chikasu ndikuwonekera. Matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndi osachiritsika, choncho, toyesa matenda amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo dothi ndi mbewu zapafupi zimathandizidwa kuti zitha kupewetsa mothandizidwa ndi yankho la TMDT.
- Powdery mildew ndi peronosporosis (Downy mildew). Pamaso pamasamba ndi zimayambira, kuyatsidwa kwoyera. Ngati sanachiritsidwe, masamba amasanduka achikaso ndi kutha. Colloidal sulfure chithandizo chingathandize polimbana ndi matenda.
Njira yothandiza kulima nandolo wabwino ndi yosavuta: iyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse ndikuthiriridwa, kudyetsedwa ndi kudyetsedwa. Ndipo adzakondwera ndi maluwa ake ataliatali komanso onunkhira bwino chilimwe chonse.
