Zhigulevskoe - maapulo oyesedwa mochedwa

Zhigulevskoye Apple-mtengo - wakale odziwika komanso wotchuka ku Russia. Iwo omwe sazolowera izi amakhala osangalatsa komanso othandiza kuti adziwe zabwino zake, komanso zovuta zamtunduwu. Tikukuwuzani kuti ndi liti ndipo mungakulitse bwanji mtengo wokongola wa apulowu, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mbewuyo.

Kufotokozera kwamapulo osiyanasiyana Zhigulevskoe

Mitundu ya matebulo yoyambilira ya nyundoyi idabadwa mu 1936 pamalo oyesera kulima ku Kuibyshev podutsa mitundu iwiri - wakale Russian Borovinka ndi American Wagner (mitunduyo imakhala kuti siyokwanira kuzizira kwa chisanu). Kuyambira 1949, idayesedwa mosiyanasiyana m'maboma, ndipo mu 1965 adalembetsa mu State Register ndikugawika m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi:

• Pakatikati;
• Central Black Earth;
• North Caucasian;
• Middle Volzhsky;
• Pansi Volzhsky;
• East Siberian (mu mawonekedwe a stlan).

Zosiyanasiyana ndizofala m'njira yapakatikati. Ili ndi zinthu izi:

• Mtengo wakukula kapena kukula kwambiri, wokula msanga. Korona ndi translucent, osowa, kwambiri piramidi, nthawi zina mozungulira. Impso zopatsa chidwi zimayala nthambi ndi maula.
• Mphukira zake ndi zakuda, zowongoka, zofiirira.
• Pobegoobrazovanie otsika.
• Limamasula msanga, chifukwa chomwe chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zipatsozo pobwerera chimzimu sichimalizidwa.
• Hardness yozizira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana siyokwanira.
• Malinga ndi State Register, masamba amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo, zipatsozo ndi zofooka. Koma VNIISPK (All-Russian Research Institute for Selection of Zipatso) imalengeza kusakhazikika kwa nkhanambo ndikugonjetsedwa koopsa ndi mbadwo wachiwiri wa njenjete ya apulo.
• Kukula msanga. Kubala kumayamba zaka 5-6 patatha katemera pa stock ndi kubzala m'munda.
• Za ufulu wazosiyanasiyana, zambiri sizinapezeke kwazoyambira. Olemba ena akuti a Zhigulevsky adziwitsidwa ndipo amalimbikitsa kuti mitundu yobzala pollinator idamuberekera:
  • Kuibyshevskoe;
  • Anise imvi;
  • Antonovka ndi wamba;
  • Spartak
  • Kutuzovets ndi ena.
• Zachuma ndizambiri. Mtengo wachikulire umabweretsa chaka chopambana 200-250 kg maapulo. Ali aang'ono, kubereka kumachitika pachaka, ndipo ndikamakula kumakhala kwakanthawi.
• Zipatso za mawonekedwe owoneka bwino zimakhala ndi izi:
  • Kukula kwakulu - apulo wamba amalemera 120-200 g, ndipo zitsanzo za anthu zimafikira 350 g.
  • Mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira, osanjidwa, nthawi zina ndi ma tubercles ang'onoang'ono.
  • Khungu limakhala losalala, lolimba. Mtundu waukulu ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi matupi ofiira owoneka bwino omwe amaphimba pafupifupi mawonekedwe onse apulo. Komanso pali zoyera, zanzeru zochenjera.
    

    Makope amodzi amitundu mitundu ya Zhigulevskoye osiyanasiyana amafikira 350 g

  • Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, wandiweyani, wachifundo. Ili ndi mtundu wa kirimu, kukoma kokoma ndi wowawasa komanso fungo labwino.
• Kukula msanga kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Zipatso zimatha kukhwima kwathunthu patatha masabata awiri ndi atatu mutatha kukolola. Maapulo amasungidwa ndikuwadyedwa kwa miyezi iwiri mpaka itatu mpaka Disembala (nthawi zina mpaka Januwale).

Gome: Chizindikiro cha mtengo wa apulo wa Zhigulevskoe kutengera mtundu wa katundu

Tikufika

Zhigulevskoe mbande za apulosi zimabzalidwa malinga ndi malamulo nthawi zonse pachikhalidwe ichi. Palibe zopezeka munjira imeneyi zofunika ndi mitundu. Chifukwa chake, pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono timakumbutsa alimi a novice za momwe adzabzala mtengo wa apulo:

1. Sankhani nthawi yofikira. Kumagawo akum'mwera komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso nyengo yotentha, nthawi yobzala imakhala yabwino kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira - masamba atatha (masamba atagwa) ndipo chomera chimapuma. Koma chisanayambe chisanu, masabata 3-4 ayenera kukhalabe. M'malo ozizira, mitengo imabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe mbewuzo sizinadzuke ndipo sizinakula.
2. Pezani malo abwino oti mitengo ya apulo yamtsogolo ikwane. Iyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
   • Pamalo ochepera kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo popanda phokoso lamadzi. Kuzama kwa madzi apansi pansi kumaloledwa pafupifupi mita 2-3.
   • Madera otsika, mitsinje ndi malo ofananirako momwe mpweya wozizira ungasunthe.
   • Ndikofunika kukhala ndi chitetezo chachilengedwe ku mphepo yozizira zakumpoto mu mawonekedwe a mpanda, mitengo yayitali, makoma a nyumbayo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti kwanthawi yoyamba mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zizipanga chitetezo chotere ndikukhazikitsa zishango zomwe zidagwetsedwa kuchokera kuzitsulo ndi plywood. Muthanso kuphimba mbewu nthawi yachisanu ndi spanbond.
   • Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otayirira ndipo limakhala ndi acidity yopanda mbali. PH yolondola kwambiri ndi 6.5-7.
3. Masabata awiri kapena atatu asanabzalidwe, dzenje lokhazikika limakonzedwa. Podzala masika, dzenje limakonzedwa kumapeto kwa yophukira. Kuti muchite izi:
   1. Kumbani dzenje lakuya 0.7-0.8 m ndi mainchesi 0.8-1 m.
   2. Mwala wosweka, miyala, miyala yofukulidwapo ndi zinthu zina monga kukonza dongosolo lamadzala pansi. Makulidwe ake ndi 10 cm.
   3. Amadzaza dzenje ndi dothi lachonde, lokonzedwa ndikusakaniza dothi lakuda, peat, humus ndi mchenga, otengedwa zofanana.
4. Patsiku lobzala, mizu ya mmera imanyowa m'madzi kwa maola 3-4.
5. Pakati pa dzenjelo, dzenje la miyeso yotere limakonzedwa kuti mizu ya mmera udalowemo, ndikupanganso mulunda wawung'ono mkati mwake.
6. Mmera umalowetsedwa kuti dzira lake lipangike pamwambapo, ndipo mizu imafalikira pamalo otsetsereka.
7. Amadzaza dzenje ndi dothi lochotsedwamo, ndikulipanga mosamala. Mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti khosi la mizu limakhala pansi kapena lakwezedwa pang'ono (3-4 cm).
   

   Onetsetsani kuti khosi la mmera silikuzama

8. Kuzungulira mbandezo, chimatulutsira dothi m'mphepete mwa dzenje kuti madzi asungidwebe.
9. Thirirani chomeracho ndi madzi ambiri mpaka thunthu la thunthu limadzaza kwathunthu. Madziwo atamwetsedwa, njirayo imabwerezedwanso nthawi zina 1-2. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dothi likwanirane bwino mpaka pamizu, motero, kupulumuka bwino.
10. Iwo amadzaza dothi ndi mulch (mulingo wake mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus, peat, utuchi wozungulira, etc.) ndi makulidwe a 5-10 cm.
11. Dulani pamwamba pamera pamtunda wa 0.8-1 m kuchokera pansi. Ngati pali nthambi, ndiye kuti ziyenera kudulidwa pakati.
    

    Mutabzala, dulani pamwamba pambewu pamtunda wa 0.8-1 m kuchokera pansi

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Monga kubzala, kusamalira apulo Zhigulevskoye sikusiyana mwanjira iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovutirapo, koma kukulira kuyenera kuyang'anira kwambiri zinthu ziwiri.

Mapangidwe a Korona

Popeza mitunduyo imakhala ndi mphamvu yokulirapo, imapanga mtengo wa maapozi pambewu kapena pakatikati pamizu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yocheperako. Mapangidwe oterewa akhala akudziwika kale ndipo amalidziwa bwino kwambiri anthu ambiri omwe amalima.

Mitengo ya Apple pamtunda wocheperako ndi wamtali wamtali, wobiriwira pamiyala, imapangika ngati kanjira ka kanjedza kapenanso zopindika.

M'mikhalidwe yovuta ku Siberia, mapangidwe okhazikika a korona wamtengo wa apulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Mapulani a Apple Tree Fform

Pogona kuchokera ku chisanu

Kusagwa chisanu chambiri kumapangitsa kuti wamaluwa omwe ali m'malo ozizira azigwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoteteza mbewu ku chisanu. Ngati mtengo wa maapulo wakula mu mawonekedwe a stlan, ndiye kuti nthawi yachisanu ndizosavuta kuphimba ndi chipale chofewa, lapnik, masamba agwa kapena zofunda. Mitengo yomwe imamera pang'ono imatha kumakulungidwa ndi spanbond, nthambi zokhala ndi mgwirizano kapena kuwapangira mafelemu apadera ndi zofunda zomwe zikukokedwa kale.

Mitengo yomwe imamera pang'ono imatha kumakulungidwa ndi spanbond, popeza idalumikiza nthambi kale

Kuthekera kwina koteteza matendawa kuzizira ndikuti asanabzale mtengo wa maapoziwo adalumikizidwa pachitsa chomera chosagundidwa kwambiri mpaka pamalo pomwe pamalumikizidwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo - kupewa ndi kuwongolera

Popeza kuti pali zambiri zotsutsana zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, nkofunika kuchita pafupipafupi njira zodzitetezera:

• Mu nthawi yophukira, muyenera kuyang'ana masamba onse omwe agwa ndikuwotcha ngati akukayikira matenda awo. Ngati palibe zoopsa zotere, masamba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira mitengo kapena mitengo ikuluikulu.
• Atatola masamba, amakumba dothi mozungulira mitengo ndikakulungidwa ndi zigawo. Mukamachita izi chisanayambe chisanu, ndiye kuti tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokhazikika munthaka kuti nthawi yozizira m'nthaka timfa ndi kuzizira.
• Nthawi yomweyo, mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mphukira zakumaso zimaphatikizidwa ndi matope a laimu kapena utoto wapadera wamunda. Izi zimathandiza kupewa makungwa a mitengo kuti asawotche kutentha ndi chisanu.
• Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe masamba sanatupire, mankhwala othandizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kuchitika. DNOC, Nitrafen, 5% yankho la sulfate yamkuwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pakupezeka pofufuza pofotokoza boma la boma, chithandizo ndi fungicides (mankhwala antifungal) chidzafunika. Monga lamulo, chitani zotsukira zitatu:

1. Pamaso maluwa.
2. Atangochita maluwa.
3. Masiku 7-10 pambuyo pa wachiwiri.

Mutha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchuka - Chorus, Strobi, Abiga-Peak ndi ena. Zambiri pazokhudza kulimbana ndi nkhanambo pamtengo wa apulo zimapezekanso pano.

Kupewetsa kwa njenjete ndi tizirombo tina sikufunika ngati wosamalira mundawo atengera zomwe tafotokozazi pamwambapa. Mutha kungowonjezera iwo kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamba osaka pamiyala ya mitengo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, zomwe zingapewe kulowa kwa mphutsi zosiyanasiyana, nyerere, kafadala, ndi zina zambiri.

M'nyumba yanga yanyengo yachilimwe, pofuna kupewa, nthawi ya masika ndimakhala ndudzu zitatu za korona zamitengo yazipatso, kuphatikiza mitengo ya maapulo ndi msuzi wa poto wa Horus ndi Decis (mankhwala oletsa tizirombo). Ndimawonjezera chithandizo ichi mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi ya chilimwe ndi biofungicide Phytosporin-M, yomwe nthawi yomweyo imagwiranso ntchito ngati chovala cham'mizu chapamwamba, popeza chimakhala ndi ma humic acid pakapangidwe. Nthawi yothandizidwa ndi masabata 2-3, kuchuluka kwawo sikokwanira. Mankhwalawa ndiotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama - zipatso zimatha kudyedwa mukatha kukonza. Kuti muchepetse tizirombo, ndimagwiritsa ntchito ma bioinsecticides monga Iskra-Bio ndi Fitoverm. Ndipo pokhapokha pazovuta kwambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amisala. Koma, ndiyenera kunena kuti potsatira njira zopewera, milandu yotere ndiyosowa kwambiri.

Wamaluwa amawunikira zosiyanasiyana

Yuri, Zhigulevsky ali ndi zipatso zachilendo. Amakhala ngati ali mu "warts" ndi ma tubercles. M'mitundu ya Bryansk, monga mukudziwa, mawonekedwe ndi osalala kapena osalala. Mitundu yonse iwiri imakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu mpaka 250-300 g. Nthawi yomweyo, maapulo amtundu wa Zhigulevskoye amasintha kukoma kukhala "uchi" panthawi yosungirako. Zhigulevskoe wakucha masiku khumi a Seputembala. Zomwe zili mochedwa kuposa ma Bryansk osiyanasiyana. The peduncle amasiyanasiyana ndipo kwenikweni ndiwotalikirapo. Nkhani yomaliza Bryansk sikuti imakonda kukhala m'malo ocheperako, ndipo Zhigulevskoye ndi mitundu yanthawi zonse pano.

Chofunika

//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=14349&st=420&p=757609&#entry757609

Re: Zhigulevskoe

Yuri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolawa. Monga momwe ndikukumbukira, m'madera ena, inali mitundu yayikulu yamafuta. Crohn ndi osowa. Kupanga mtundu wowonda. Maapulo ndi akulu, ogulitsidwa kwambiri. Pulp, patatha mwezi wosungirako, kukoma kwabwino kwambiri kwa mchere. Ndiye kuti, zipatsozo zimayamba kukhazikika mkati mwa Novembala, koma sizisungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Awa ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri wa yophukira. Ndinawerenga penapake kuti kulibe chilichonse mwa zipatso chomwe chimasunga zipatsozi. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasungidwa bwino mpaka Chaka Chatsopano ndipo si nthawi yozizira. M'malo mwake, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi vuto limodzi lalikulu. Si nthawi yozizira. Ndiye kuti, kuuma kwake kwa dzinja, ngakhale kunyumba, kumakhala kwapakati chabe. Malingaliro anga, otsika kuposa mitundu Bryansk. Komanso, ndizosangalatsa kuti asanalowe zipatso, mitunduyo imakhala yozizira kwambiri, koma patatha chaka chopambana imazizira kwambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti mtengo wa apulo ulibe nthawi yokonzekera yozizira. Popeza zipatso zochotsa zipatso zimachedwa. Madambo ndi malo pomwe nthambi za mafupa zimachoka.

Chofunika

//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=14349&st=440

Zhigulevskoe analinso ku kanyumba komweko. Zabwino zazikuluzikulu zazikulu zofiira zokhala ndi thupi lowoneka wachikasu. Momwe mungawonetsere! Zokoma, zonunkhira. Koma mtengowo uyenera kupangidwa, chifukwa umakonda kupereka nthambi zokhala ndi ngodya yayikulu yochoka, zonenepa ndi zopumira kuchokera (ndikubwereza) zochuluka zolemera. Iyo siinawume.

Natali_R

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/58649/page-5

Mitundu yakale ya ku Russia yokhala ndi kholo laku America sataya nthawi yathu. Kubwezeretsa kwakulu (kukana chisanu) sikuposa zabwino zonse. Zimangoletsa malire a momwe zingathekere kulima. Ndipo ngati mderalo alola kuti izi zichitike, ndiye kuti mitundu yonseyo imalimbikitsidwa molimba mtima kuti ingalimbe pa zosowa zake komanso pa malonda chifukwa cha ulimi wambiri.