Amuna a Tomato Ladies: kufotokozera, kubzala, chisamaliro

Wamatsenga wamtali wa Ladies ndi amodzi otchuka kwambiri ku Russia. Phwetekere imakhala ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yabwino, imakhala yosazindikira komanso imakhalabe ndi moyo ngakhale m'madera ozizira.

Makhalidwe, kufotokoza kwa phwetekere

Chitsamba chophukira chimatha kukula mpaka 180 cm, pomwe chithandizo chapadera chimafunikira, apo ayi mbewuyo imagwa ndikuthyoka.

Zapamwamba kwambiri zimawonedwa ndikupanga 2-3 koyipa zimayambira. Masamba amakhala ozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono, zobiriwira zakuda. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu, zikupezeka pafupifupi 60 g, mtundu wofiira kwambiri. Wokhala ndi mawonekedwe, okhala ndi malekezero osavuta. Khungu limakhala losalala, osasweka, lophimbidwa ndi phula loonda la masamba kuti lizitetezedwa, limatha kulekerera madontho amvula ngakhale miyala yamatalala yaying'ono, ndiye kuti tomato amakhalabe olimba mpaka nthawi yokolola. Guwa limakhala lamakinidwe, lokhathamira komanso lokoma, litha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Mizu yake ndi yolimba, imatha kupirira chilala chachifupi, imapanga zipatso ngakhale kuzizira.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Zofesa zamtundu wa Ladies zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pa olimawo chifukwa cha zabwino zake zambiri, kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe osadziwika chipatsocho.

1. Tomato ayamba kucha, zipatso zoyambirira zipsa kumapeto kwa June.
2. Zosiyanasiyana zimamasuka bwino m'malo obisalamo otseguka komanso pamalopo chifukwa chosagwirizana komanso kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kanyengo.
3. Tomato amapanga thumba losunga mazira ngakhale nyengo yovuta, chifukwa chake amakhala olimba m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira.
4. Kukoma kwa zamkati kumakhala kokoma pang'ono. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: idyani mwatsopano, konzani masaladi, sopo kapena zipatso. Mwa kusasinthika, ndizopatsa zipatso, koma mulibe mbewu zambiri.
5. Zipatso sizingawononge kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kulekerera bwino mayendedwe ataliatali.

Komabe, pali zovuta zingapo zamtunduwu, zomwe ndizofanana mwachilengedwe:

1. Tchire limafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, kuphatikiza garter ndi kudulira. Zomera zimapanga mphukira zatsopano, motero zimamera. Kuti zipatso zizioneka munthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwa msipu.
2. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yoyipa, phwetekere zimacha milungu ingapo pambuyo pake. Koma zimawonekera pokhapokha ngati zikukula pamalo otseguka, m'malo obiriwira mitengo chitsamba chimabala zipatso nthawi.

Njira yodzala mmera

Mutha kumera nokha mbande zathanzi mukamatsatira malamulo ena. Ndikofunika kulabadira nyengo zamaderawo kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe ikubwera. Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera kwa dzikolo, kumene mpweya umayamba kutentha kwambiri, mwambowu umachitika mu February-Marichi, ndipo tomato ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa kupita kumapeto kumapeto kwa Epulo.

Pakati, kufesa mbande kugwa pa Marichi-Epulo, ndipo sikuyenera kumangika kwambiri, apo ayi zipatso sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Ku malowa - koyambirira kwa Juni, nyengo yotentha, madeti amasuntha mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Ku Siberia, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu pasanadutse mu Epulo, komanso poyera - kuyambira pakati pa Juni. Madeti amatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo yomwe ili kuderalo.

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Musanafese mbewu, muyenera kuyesetsa kukonzekera bwino kuteteza phwetekere ku matenda mtsogolo, kuonjezera kumera ndi zipatso za tchire.

• Chitani zotsalira zonse. Ngati njere zagulidwa, ndiye kuti mwazidwazo zidayambitsidwa kale ku bizinesi, koma mukatenga zomwezi nokha, chochitika ichi chofunikira sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:
  • Potaziyamu permanganate. Idzatenga 1 gramu ya mankhwala pa 100 ml ya madzi, sakanizani bwino. Mbewu ziyenera kukulungidwa muutoto wochepa thupi wa ubweya wa thonje ndikumizidwa mu njira ya mphindi 15-20. Mukachulukitsa nthawi, ndiye kuti kumera kudzachepa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa njirayi, phatikizani pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndi madzi.
  • Soda Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa kuchokera ku koloko wamba yophika ndi madzi mogwirizana ndi 0,5 g pa 100 ml. Mbewu zokutidwa ndi chokoleti kapena chokoleti cha thonje ziyenera kumalowetsedwa osachepera tsiku limodzi, ndiye kuti muzitsuka mosamala. Mwambowu uonjezera zokolola za chitsamba.
  • Fitosporin. Dontho limodzi limapukusidwa mu 100 ml yamadzimadzi, zinthuzo zimamizidwa kwa pafupifupi maola awiri, chifukwa cha njirayi, kumera kumachulukitsidwa ndipo kusinthasintha kwa mbeu kumachitika bwino.
  • Aloe Njira yothetsera michere pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a aloe ndi madzi oyimilira mwa kuchuluka kwa 1: 1 kumawonjezera kusakhazikika kwa phwetekere, kuwateteza ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mbewu ziyenera kunyowa kwa pafupifupi 1 tsiku.
• Kenako muyenera kuthira mchere dothi ndi kuthekera pomapanga madziwo. Izi zimachitika mophweka: dothi liyenera kuyikidwa mu uvuni wotsekedwa mpaka 200 ° ndikusungidwa mkati kwa mphindi 10, kenako utayilidwa ndi madzi otentha, kuthira dothi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti galasi lamadzi latsika mabowo pansi. Komanso, chochitika ichi chitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndikuwonjezera dothi ndikulola kuti liume kwathunthu kwa milungu itatu.
  Chifukwa chake, mabakiteriya onse azilombo adzawonongedwa ndipo mbewuyo imatha kukula bwino.

Kuthira mbande m'nthaka

Kuziika moyenera kumayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwa matenthedwe mwachangu kwa gawo lapansi latsopano ndi zomera zake zamtsogolo. Kuti musavulaze mbewu, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena:

1. Tsinde likakhala lalitali masentimita 15 mpaka 20, masamba 5-7 athanzi ndi burashi imodzi atapangidwa, bambo wa a Ladies ndi okonzeka kusamutsidwa.
2. Muyeneranso kusamala ndi ma infode - sayenera kukhala akulu.
3. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikumasambitsa tomato munyengo yotentha kwambiri, mphepo yamphamvu, kapenanso mpweya pang'ono.
4. Nthawi yabwino yosunthira mbande pamalopo ndi tsiku lamitambo, lozizira.
5. Zothekera pakati pa tchire ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 40 cm, popeza mitunduyo imakhala ndi mizu yophukira, ndipo tomato womera kwambiri amatha kuvulaza wina ndi mnzake.
6. Ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje lobzala pafupi masentimita 10-15, pomwe tsinde silikuyenera kuzama ndi cm yopitilira 2, apo ayi iyamba kuwola ndipo mizu yake singathe kulimba.
7. Asanabzala, dothi liyenera kusakanikirana ndi mapiritsi a peat ndi phulusa kuti lipereke zakudya zochulukirapo. Muthanso kuwonjezera zamoyo pang'ono - humus, urea.
8. Mukamaliza njirayi, thirirani madzi chitsamba pansi pazu.

Njira zosasangalatsa za kukula

Njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike m'malo otentha kumene kuthekera kwa chisanu mosachedwa kumapeto kwa kasupe ndi kochepa.

Choyamba muyenera kudziwa komwe kuli mabedi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizazithunzi, koma sizilola kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, motero, ziyenera kuyikidwa kumwera chakumadzulo kapena kumwera chakum'mawa kwa mundawo. Mukakulitsa wowonjezera kutentha, ngati kulibe kuwala kokwanira, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa phytolamp. Phwetekere imafunikira mpweya wofunda, ndiye imapatsa zipatso zochuluka, nthawi yamasamba yogwira imachulukirachulukira. Tomato amakula bwino m'nthaka yadzala ndi peat, amatha kukhala gawo lonse kapena chernozem pophatikizanso kuvala organic pamwamba. Kuti mbewu zimere, muyenera kuwerengera mosamalitsa kutentha kwa boma, apo ayi kuthekera kwa kufa kwa mbewu ndikokwera.

Kubzala mbewu munthaka

Sinthani kuti malowo abzalidwe ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yofunda, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambilira kwa chilimwe. Njira yofikira ikuchitika m'magawo angapo:

1. Choyamba, zinthuzo ziyenera kuyikidwa mu yankho la zokupatsani mphamvu kwa maola 10-12 kuti muwonjezere msambo.
2. Pafupifupi 40 cm ayenera kutsalira pakati pa maenje obzala ndi 60 cm pakati pa mizere.
3. Mbewu sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti izikwiriridwa kuposa masentimita 3-5, apo ayi zingakhale zovuta kuti mphukira idutse dothi.
4. Mukabzala, muyenera kupukuta dothi mosamala kuti mbeu zisasambe. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti yopopera kapena kuthilira womwazikana.
5. Kuwaza ndi phulusa laling'ono ndi dothi lakuda.
6. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mphukira zoyambirira zimayenera kuwonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5. Pokhapokha amatha kuthirira kwathunthu.

Zofunikira ndikusamalira madona a phwetekere

Ngakhale mbewu zamtundu wa Ladies sizobera, zimafunikirabe kusamalidwa mosamala kuti zitheke kwambiri komanso kupewa matenda oopsa.

Kuthirira

Zitsamba zazing'ono zimanyowetsedwa nthawi zambiri, mwachitsanzo, ndi chilala chachikulu. Masabata atatu oyambilira kuthilira akuyenera kuchitika osakhudza gawo lobiriwira, kotero kuti madzi onse amamwa mwachindunji ndi mizu, ndiye kuti chomera chimazika mizu mwachangu ndikuyamba kukula. M'tsogolomu, osalola kuti nthaka isume. Tomato amakonda chinyontho komanso wopanda madzi amayamba kufota msanga. Komabe, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kumatha kuvulaza nkhumba za Ladies, kupangitsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikupha phwetekere. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chimodzi chimakhala ndi malita atatu nthaka ikamuma.

Kumasuka

Kuti mupeze mizu ndi okosijeni, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupipafupi: miyezi yoyamba 1-2 mutakula mosatulutsa - mpaka mainchesi 10-15, kenako osapitirira 8 cm, kuti musavulaze mizu yomwe idakuliratu. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kuchitika mukathilira aliyense, kuphatikiza ndi namsongole wa namsongole wowononga, kamodzi pa sabata ziwiri.

Kuyesa

Pafupifupi milungu itatu mutabzala tomato pamalowo, muyenera kuwapatsa thandizo kuti mbewuyo isagwere ndikubala zipatso zambiri. Pali mitundu ingapo yamathandizo:

1. Mapaki. Ayenera kupitilira 2m kupitilira kukula kwa phwetekere. Iyenera kuyikidwa mtunda wa 10-12 cm kuchokera pansi pa tsinde ndikuzama ndi masentimita 25. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa, kukulani chithandizocho ndi chingwe, kenako ndikumanganso chitsamba pachokha.
2. Maselo. Kunja, chipangizochi chimafanana ndi chopondapo chomwe chilibe mpando. Imapangidwa mosavuta ndi dzanja ndipo imatha kupereka chithandizo kwa tomato anayi omwe akukula bwino.
3. Zikho. Ntchito yomanga piramidi yopangidwa ndi waya kapena ndodo zosinthika zamatabwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Nthawi yonse yokukula, mavalidwe 4 apamwamba amachitika. Mwambowu pawokha umachitika bwino tsiku lotentha.

1. Yoyamba ikuchitika masabata 2-3 mutabzala tomato pamalowo. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la mullein, humus kapena kulowetsedwa kuchokera kuzitaya za mbalame.
2. Chachiwiri chimachitika mapangidwe a inflorescence asanagwiritse ntchito ammonium nitrate kapena potaziyamu sulfate. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, monga phulusa la nkhuni.
3. Lachitatu limachitika patadutsa milungu iwiri itatha yoyamba ija. Ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni komanso potaziyamu ndi abwino kwambiri.
4. Wachinayi sizu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzichita ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya superphosphate, yomwe inamwaza chitsamba chobiriwira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: azimayi azimayi ndi abwino kutola

Zipatso zamtunduwu ndizabwino popanga mbale zingapo, kuphatikizapo zamchere, popeza zimakhala ndi thupi lokoma, lotanuka. Kuphatikiza apo, bambo wa a Ladies ali ndi kukula komanso mawonekedwe abwino, chifukwa cha momwe tomato wambiri angakhalire mu mtsuko. Pambuyo pofinya, tomato amakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, komwe palibe mitundu yoyambirira yomwe ingadzitamande.