Semen Fedorovich Chernenko analenga "Chernenko's Apple Calendar" yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo omwe adadzaza miyezi yonse itatha.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za nyengo yozizira. Renete Chernenkozomwe zimatenga malo ake a ulemu mu kalendala ino.
Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi m'nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Renet Chernenko - amaimira mochedwa yozizira mafakitale kalasi.
Maapulo akhoza kusungidwa mu chipatso chosungiramo zipatso mpaka masiku 235.
Ndi bwino kusunga maapulo mumabokosi a matabwa pamtentha kuyambira 0 mpaka 2 ° C ndi chinyezi chapamwamba 85-90%.
Onani mitundu ina ya apulo yozizira: Lada, Cliff, Rennet Simirenko, Snowdrop, Mphatso ya Grafsky, Puresiki, Rozhdestvensky, Spartan, Starkrimson, Fuji, Krasa Sverdlovsk.
Kuwongolera
Zosiyanasiyana Renet Chernenko ndi pang'ono kudzipitsa pollinating, ndi zabwino mitundu ya apulo pollinators amene ayenera anabzala pafupi ndi Rennet Chernenko ali: Rennet golide Kursk, Striped Autumn, Pepinka Lithuanian, Welsey, Antonovka wamba, Northern synapse.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana Renet Chernenko
Renet Chernenko ndi mtengo wamphamvu womwe ungagwirizane nawo m'munda wamaluwa.
Kutalika kwa mtengo pa zaka 15 za moyo amapanga Mayi 4.8 ali ndi chivundikiro cha korona mkati 5.4 m
Korona ndi hemispherical, rounded. Pakatikatikati mwa mtengo uli woonekera komanso wosawoneka.
Nthambizi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi thunthu pambali ndi mlingo waukulu. Makungwa a mtengo ndi wobiriwira, ndipo mphukira ndi yofiira, ndipo pafupi ndi thunthu imakhalanso imvi.
U Reneta Chernenko nthambi yamkati, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zikuwonekera kuchokera ku Mphukira pamwamba pa zozizwitsa za chaka chapitacho ndi masamba awiri otsatizana, mapepala ena ochepa, ndipo otsika kwambiri amakhalabe mdima.
M'chaka cha chitukuko, mphukira zingapo zimakula pa matumba - zipatso zochepa, kukula kapena tsamba lakuda. Nthawi zina mabowo awiri amapangidwa.
Crohn ali ndi mphukira zambiri - kolchatok, nthambi, kopeytsev.
Zipatso zimawoneka pa mphukira za chaka chathamakamaka pa nthambi. Mphukira pawokha sali yandiweyani, molunjika, ndi mphodza zazikulu zosawerengeka.
Masamba Pali mitengo yochepa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zazikulu kuposa zowerengeka. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira, mawonekedwewo ndi ovalo lalikulu ndi maziko ozungulira komanso otchulidwa kwambiri pamwamba.
Tsinde la tsambali ndi chibindi, tsamba limakhala lopindika pang'ono pamtambo waukulu, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumakhala pang'ono. Masambawa ali pafupi ndi mphukira pachimake. Pansi pa pepalali ndi pubescent, ndipo pamwamba ndi yosalala ndi yowala.
Tsinde la tsamba liri ndi makhalidwe awa: kukula kwapakati, zamitundu, pubescent, ndi zolembera zochepa ndi zazing'ono.
Maluwa a Rennet Chernenko mitengo ya apulo: ochepa, onga-saucer. Yoyera, yaying'ono ya wavy. Anthers pansi pa rylets pansi masentimita.
Zipatso zimapangidwa kuchokera maluwa ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi: kukula - kwakukulu. Kulemera kwake - 110-180 magalamu. Fomu - inalembedwa.
Zipatso mu mbeu imodzi mawonekedwe omwe ndi kukula.
Pamwamba pamakhala nthiti pang'ono pafupi ndi tsinde.
Zithunzi za elegantly chikasu chobiriwira ndi garnet pang'ono kapena chofiira pa mbali yowunikira.
Khungu sali lakuda kwambiri, osati lopweteka, koma lakuda, pamwamba pake ndizabwino.
Mfundo zogonjera zilipo, koma ndizochepa komanso zosawerengeka, pali mfundo zowonongeka. Peduncle yaying'ono, yokhota, yopindika mu thumba la zipatso. Funnel - orzhavlennaya, osati mozama, lonse.
Chikho zazikulu kuposa zazikulu zazikulu, hafu yotseguka mu soda yaikulu ndi kukwapula pang'ono. Chisa cha mbewu mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono - babu, zitsekedwa zogona popanda chipinda cha axial.
Podchashechnaya tubule sizimagwirizana ndi chisa, mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira komanso amawoneka ngati mapiko. Mbewu ukulu wakuda, wakuda, bulauni. Pulp vinyo wotsekemera, ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, loyera, lakuda, yowutsa mudyo, ndi vitamini C. wambiri.
Anagwira ntchito yobereka izi zosiyanasiyana S. F. Chernenko ali m'gulu lonse la Russian Research Institute zojambulajambula ndi kusankha mitundu ya zipatso kwa iwo. I.V. Michurin.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imamera chifukwa cha kufesa mbewu Reneta Pepenova kuchokera ku pollination.
Semyon Fedorovich anazitcha izo mwaulemu N.I. Kichunovandicho chifukwa chake amavala dzina lina ndi Renet Kichunova.
Mndandanda umalowetsamo ku register ya boma mu 1986.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Malingana ndi zolembera izi, Rennet Chernenko akhoza kubwezedwa m'madera otsatirawa: Central, Central Black Earth, Middle Volga, Ural, Volga-Vyatka, North-West.
Malo a mitundu yofala kwambiri - Central Black Earth Zonemakamaka Chigawo cha Ulaya cha Russia ndi Bashkortostan. Ku Bashkiria, kutentha kwachisanu sikutsika kwambiri, kochepa kwambiri kuposa Antonovka.
Pereka
M'zigawo zonse, Rennet Chernenko amayamba kubala zipatso kudzera Zaka 7-8 katemera atakwanitsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu apulola amapereka kukolola makilogalamu 62ndipo mochuluka 120 makilogalamu.
Mbewu imachotsedwa mu September, ndi maapulo atsuka pabedi mu November ndipo akhoza kusungidwa mpaka kutha kwa kasupe.
Kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zapamwamba muyenera kudziwa za miyambo yobzala ndi kusamalira ma apulo osiyanasiyana.
Phunzirani za mitundu yambiri yamapulo: Gala, Augusta, Winter Pear, Lyubava, Apple Spas, Stroyevskoye, Sokolovskoye, Bely Pour, Lobo, Mwana wamkazi wa Pepinchik.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Podziwa momwe mungabzalitsire zosiyanasiyana izi moyenera komanso momwe mungasamalire bwino, mudzatha kupeza zokolola zambiri kwa zaka zambiri.
Malamulo angapo oyenera kubzala mitengo ya apulo:
- Mitengo ya Apple iyenera kubzalidwa masika, mpaka maluwawo athwima, kapena nthawi yophukira - masamba atagwa.
- Koma kugwa kumafunika kuchitidwa 2 milungu isanafike choyamba chisanu, chifukwa mbande sizingakhoze kuzika mizu yotentha.
- Ngati kugwa kuli kuzizira, ndiye kuti chodzala chiyenera kuchitika masika.
- Ngati mutagula mbande pamsika, ayenera kunyamulidwa, atatha mukusakaniza dongo ndi wokutidwa ndi chonyowa.
Pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe ka miyendo, mizu iyenera kufupikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi secator, koma mizu yovunda yokha kapena yogwidwa ndi matenda, kukula.
Ngati mizu ya mtengo ndi youma, ndi yofunika Kwa masiku angapo musanadzalemo, khalani m'madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kumadera ndi nthaka ya dothi kapena pansi pamtunda, dzenje silikhoza kutseguka kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndi bwino kudzala mitengo mu nthaka yokha.
Ngati mukukhala m'madera osakhala a chernozem, mbande zimayenera kubzalidwa m'chaka, ndipo m'dzinja ayenera kukumba pamwamba pa chiwembu - kukumba dzenje lakuya ndikuyika mitengo pamenepo, kutsanulira ndi kuwawaza mchenga.
Ndipo zitatha chisanu, dzenje lidzadzazidwa ndi nthaka, kusiya kokha pamwamba pa nthambi ziwoneka.
Zitsime zam'madzi zimayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale: mu kugwa - kwa mwezi ndi kumapeto - kwa miyezi 4-5.
Chombo chotsetsereka chiyenera kutsata magawo otsatirawa: makoma ake, osachepera theka la mamita akuya, osachepera m'mimba mwake 70-120 masentimita
Kenaka, muyenera kutsanulira manyowa (ovunda), chidebe cha nthaka kuchokera pamwamba pazitsulo ndi feteleza zamchere. Gwiritsani ntchito mpaka mutadzaza. 50%.
Pamene dzenje likonzekera, mtengo udzaikidwa mmenemo ndipo mtengo udzaikidwa kuti Msuzi wa mizu unali masentimita 30 pamwamba pa nthaka, amachimangirira kuti athandizidwe ndikuyika kusakaniza pa mizu.
Chiyenera kukhala phiri lochepa.
Kenako, pansi pansi, kuthirira ndi kuwaza ndi udzu, utuchi kapena udzu.
Kuyala bwino kwa mmera ndi njira yoyamba yokhala ndi zokolola zabwino.
Ndifunikanso kupanga chisamaliro choyenera cha mtengo.
Lili ndi magawo angapo:
- Kudyetsa
Mitengo imakula kwambiri kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, panthawi yomwe imayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza. Pazithunzi 1. Mjekiti ya korona imafunikira malita 10 a feteleza kuchokera ku manyowa a madzi.
Kodi feteleza imafuna mvula isanayambe kapena madzi asanakwane? Muyenera kutsanulira chakudya musanayambe kuphika Zitsime zakuya 15 cm
- Kuthirira
Zaka zochepa zoyambirira mutabzala apulo a zosiyanasiyana izi zimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse. Kuyambira tsiku lodzala mpaka pakati pa July mudzafunika kuthirani mtengo katatu. Pa mtengo umodzi udzafunika 30 malita a madzi.
Mitengo yokhwima imayenera kuthiriridwa mu dongosolo lina. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe amathirira madzi mu theka la mwezi wa June, nthawi yachiwiri mu mwezi, ndiyeno mu August kachiwiri. Ndipo mu kugwa, isanayambe chisanu, mitengo imathirira nthawi yachinayi.
- Mbewu.
Ngati simudula mtengo, mbeuyo idzakhala yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa mphukira zochepa zidzakhazikitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, nthambi zazikulu zimagwedezeka pansi pa zipatso zolemera.
Nthawi yowononga mitengo isanafike fruiting: kumayambiriro kwa fruiting, panthawi ya fruiting.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira zoyang'anira chisamaliro cha Renet Chernenko wa mitengo ya apulo, yomwe tinkakambirana pamwambapa, chitetezo cha maapulo motsutsana ndi tizirombo monga tizilombo ndi makoswe tiyenera kubweretsedwa ku hotelo.
Chitetezo chamtundu adzatumikira mpanda wamadzimbiri osaya theka la mita wamtali Afunika kukumba pansi pa 30 cm.
Ubweya wa galasi - Ngati mukulunga mitengo ndi iyo, makoswe sangathe kuwawononga, komanso amateteza zomera ku chisanu.
Ngati makoswe amathyola mitengo ikuluikulu, muyenera kuphimba malo owonongeka ndi phula la munda ndikukulunga ndi zojambulazo.
Mitengo ya nkhuniyi imakhala yosakanikirana ndi nkhanambo, yomwe ndi yopindulitsa. Koma ngati nkhanambo imagunda mtengo, ndiye kuti ukhoza kuichotsa mwa kupopera mbewu njira yothetsera mkuwa kapena sulphate yachitsulo.
Kuteteza mtengo ku tizilombo tiyenera kutenga zingapo:
- kukumba ndi kuyeretsa pristvolny mabwalo;
- onetsetsani kudulira;
- choyera;
- onetsetsani nyumba zotetezera;
- spray mitengo ya apulo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zosiyanasiyana Renet Chernenko ndi ofunika kwambiri, okhala ndi makhalidwe monga: yozizira kukana, yunifolomu zokolola, kukana nkhanambo, bwino kusunga khalidwe, tsankho kudzikonda ndi zabwino kukoma zipatso.
Onerani kanema momwe mungatetezere mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku makoswe.
