Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za kusintha kwa nyumba yaumwini ndi chitoliro cha madzi. Ziribe kanthu pamene madzi akuyikidwa - panthawi yoyala maziko kapena panthawi yomanga nyumbayo, gawo lokonzekera liyenera kuyankhidwa ndi udindo wonse. Momwe mungayendetse ndege, momwe mungayambire ndi zipangizo zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, tiyeni tiwone.
Zitsime ndi ziti?
Musanayambe kukhazikitsa madzi okwanira, muyenera kudziwa komwe madzi akugwiritsire ntchito komanso njira zake.
Chabwino mu mchenga
Chitsime mumchenga chimatengedwa kuti ndi ndalama zambiri, ndalama zomwe mungasankhe. Ndi gwero, lomwe limazama kufika pamchenga woyamba. Mtundu wa madzi woterewu umaloleza kupeza madzi oyera ndi omveka, popeza madzi akumwa amapezeka pambuyo pa loamy. 
Chitsimechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene mchere umapezeka kufika mamita 40.
Zopindulitsa zake ndizo:
- nthawi yochepa kubowola nthawi. Chitsime chingapangidwe mu 1-2 masiku okha, malingana ndi njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi zozama;
- mtengo wotsika. Malingaliro otsika a chitsime pamchenga, poyerekeza ndi amisiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwazing'ono kwa madzi akumwa;
- palibe chifukwa chochitira zolemba za ntchitoyo.
Ntchito yobowola chitsime cha mchenga ili ndi izi:
- zitsanzo za madzi;
- kupeza zolemba pamtengo wa nthaka ndi kuya kwa madzi;
- kuboola chitsime chabwino;
Ndikofunikira! Tikulimbikitsidwa kuponyera shaft pamanja, monga njira yopangidwira ntchito ikuphatikizapo kugwira ntchito pazomwe zimakhazikika. Izi zingachititse kuti madziwo akhale pamwamba pa chitsime.
- kulimbikitsa mapaipi a madzi;
- dongosolo la fyuluta pansi. Gravel, yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa chitsime, ndi yabwino kwa fyuluta;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa pampu yowonjezera komanso kuyendetsa madzi kunja.
Chitsime pa mchenga ndicho njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera bajeti yochepa, dera laling'ono la nthaka ndi mfundo zing'onozing'ono zapopopera madzi.
Chabwino pa miyala yamagazi
Madzi amadzi a mchere amadziwika kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa kubowola kumachitika mozama kwambiri.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti ntchitoyi ikhoza kuchitika pafupifupi malo aliwonse, pamene miyala yamchere imakhala yokhazikika kuchokera pansi pa nthaka ndipo imakupatsani madzi omwe sasowa kuyeretsedwa. 
Komanso mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za chitsimechi ndi:
- moyo wautali, pafupifupi zaka 50;
- kusowa kwa ntchito yapadera;
- palibe chifukwa choyika fyuluta yapadera;
- kukwanitsa kugwira ntchito zingapo zokhalamo;
- zopanda madzi zopanda malire.
Pogwiritsa ntchito minuses, pali mtengo wapamwamba wobowola, chifukwa zipangizo zamakono zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zimafuna zipangizo zamakono ndi luso lapadera.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi malamulo, madzi a sayesi ndi malo osungirako zinthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunika kupeza zilolezo zovomerezeka za mtundu uwu wa madzi.
Kuboola chitsime cha kasupe kumapangidwa ndi njira yosakanikirana: rotary, auger, core or shock-cable. Njirayo idzadalira pazochitika za chitsime, mtundu wa dothi, malo.
Zida zofunika ndi mapangidwe
Ngati chitsime chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga madzi osungirako, ndiye kuti madzi akukonzekera, ndikofunikira, pambali pa mapaipi, zipangizo zamakono: submersible kapena mpweya wapamwamba, zowonongeka komanso zabwino, opereka madzi.
Pump
Malo oti athandizidwe ndi makina a madzi amachokera makamaka pa chitsime:
- osaya - pampopu pamtunda amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino;
- mozama - gwiritsani ntchito mpope wotsitsa.
Video: momwe mungasankhire zipangizo zamakono
Mtundu wa pamwamba Ndi zotsika mtengo, n'zosavuta kukhazikitsa, kudzichepetsa kuti musunge. Njira yabwino ndipampu yapampu "3 mwa 1", zomwe zimaphatikizapo mpweya wa pamwamba, tank ya diaphragm ndi zofanana zomwe zimapanga.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe momwe mungasankhire sitima yopatsa.
Pake payipi yokhayokha imatsikira pansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamalire komanso azikonzekera.
Zipangizo zofanana zowonongeka zili ndi drawback imodzi yofunika kwambiri - kutalika kwake kwa madzi. Pampu ya chipangizocho imatha kutulutsa madzi osaya kwambiri mpaka mamita 10. 
Chifukwa cha izi, malo okwera malo ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chitsime. Apo ayi, zigawo zina zidzayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithetse kugonjetsedwa kwa madzi kuchokera ku gwero.
Kuti musankhe pampopo, ganizirani zotsatirazi:
- kuya kwa madzi;
- kutalika kwa madzi zothandizira mu minda;
- kutalika kwa zojambulazo;
- kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mpweya wowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kukweza madzi kuchokera mozama mamita 10. Iwo ali ndi makina apadera, omwe madzi amachokera kunyumba. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe malire pa malo oyika zipangizo. Sitimayo ndi chipangizo choyang'anira magalimoto akhoza kuikidwa kulikonse kuchokera kumutu. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti asankhe chipinda choyera, choyera mu nyumba kapena pansi. 
Accumulator
Ngakhale kuti hydroaccumulator si chinthu chovomerezeka mu bungwe la madzi, limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse. Chipangizochi chimapangitsa kuti nthawi zonse zikhale zovuta kuchitapo kanthu, pamene zipangizo zopopera sizigwira ntchito mosalekeza.
Accumulator - Ichi ndi thanki yomwe imagawidwa m'magawo awiri ndi nembanemba. Ntchito yaikulu ya unit ndiyo kusunga ndi kusintha kusintha kwa madzi mu dongosolo. Mlengalenga muli mbali imodzi ya thanki, ndi madzi ena amodzi mwachiwiri, malingana ndi buku (10-1000 l).
Pamene mpweya wa madzi ukutsikira pamtengo wotsika mtengo, pampu imayambiranso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asasowe. 
N'zotheka kuti osayika hydroaccumulator, pakali pano sitani yosungirako iyenera kukhala pampando wa chinthucho. Koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kameneko sikanatha kupanikizika nthawi zonse, ndipo madzi adzaperekedwa opanda mphamvu yofuna, ndi mphamvu yokoka.
Kuwonjezera apo, kusowa kwa hydroaccumulator sikudzatha kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, makina ochapira kapena kutsuka mbale.
Fyuluta dongosolo
Ndondomeko ya fyuluta siyenso yofunikira ya madzi. Komabe, kuchokera kumalo othandiza komanso otetezera madzi, eni nyumba samakana kukhazikitsa zipangizo zoterezi.
Nthaŵi zambiri, madzi amachokera m'chitsime amaipitsidwa ndi zosafunika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zosafunika komanso zosowa zosachepera. Zikatero, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yakuda.
Poonjezera kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha zipangizo zapanyumba ndi madzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe zilili ndi zosafunika mu madzi. Kuti muchite izi, tengani madzi, omwe amanyamulidwa ndikuwunika mu ma laboratories. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kukuwonetsa kuti fyuluta ndi yani yomwe ikufunika kuti pakhale madzi.
Kuwonera kanema kwa fyuluta kachitidwe ka kuyeretsedwa kwa madzi kuchokera pa chitsime
Njira yothandizira madzi ndi sewero losankhidwa mosankhidwa molingana ndi zotsatira za kufufuza kwa madzi. Ndondomeko yowonongeka imakwera pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa hydroaccumulator. Gwiritsani mitundu iwiri ya zosakaniza:
- choyamba chimakwera pamphepete mwa chitoliro chomwe chimayikidwa mu chitsime. Zimakupatsani inu kuyeretsa madzi kuchokera ku zowonongeka zowonongeka;
- chachiwiri chikuikidwa mnyumbamo. Ili ndi mafayilo osankhidwa omwe amasankhidwa ambiri.
Kuyika mafayilo abwino kapena kusinthika kwa osmosis m'zochitika zotero sizingatheke. Maunitelowa amawunikira m'mikitchini kumene kuli kofunikira kuti madzi abwino akumwa abwino, apamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Madzi ndi chonyamulira cha 85% mwa matenda onse padziko lapansi. Chaka chilichonse anthu 25 miliyoni amafa ndi matendawa.
Caisson
Ngati palibe malo kapena kuthekera koyika madzi mu chipinda, gwiritsani ntchito bwalo - pansi pa nthaka (mphamvu yapadera) yodalirika yomwe ili pamwamba pa chitsime.
Malo osungiramo malowa, satenga malo abwino, amathandiza kuti muteteze madzi kuchokera ku kulowa kwa madzi kapena kusefukira kwa mvula yambiri.
Nyumba yachikhalidwe ili ndi zomangamanga. Pogulitsa pali mphamvu zamakono, zokonzeka kugwira ntchito. Ndikofunika kuti mutsegule dzenje ndikuchepetseni chidebe ku kuya kwake. 
Kampaniyi ili ndi zotseguka zonse zoyenera kulankhulana, zimayenera kubweretsa mapaipi, zingwe, ndi zina kudzera mu makina olimba. Zogulitsa zogulitsa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki kapena zitsulo.
Mungathe kumanga bwino pansi pawekha. Zidzakhala zotsika mtengo, koma zimatengera khama lalikulu komanso nthawi. Njira yophweka ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mphete za chitsime, zomwe zimakumbidwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa pamwamba.
Pansi pa thanki ayenera kumangidwira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake enieni ayenera kuperekedwa ndi kuteteza madzi osakayika pogwiritsira ntchito mastic kapena zinthu zochepa.
Mukhozanso kupanga kapangidwe ndi manja anu kuchokera ku njerwa, zomangira, ndi konkire. Chingwe chachitsulo chidzayandikira bwino.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga momwe mungamangire mapangidwe a maziko a mpanda, momwe mungadzipangire mpanda wokhawokha kuchoka pamtunda wa lin-link ndi gabions.
Zida zofunika ndi zipangizo
Kusungidwa kwa madzi sikungaganizidwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamtengo wapatali: mapaipi ndi zowonjezera (zogwirizana). Mitundu yotsatira ya mapaipi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa wiring:
- mkuwa - wodalirika, wodalirika kwambiri, wosawopa kutupa, kusagonjetsedwa ndi ultraviolet radiation, antibacterial, osasamala kutentha mopitirira malire ndi katundu wambiri. Chosowa chawo chokha chokha ndilo mtengo wapamwamba;
- zitsulo - yokhazikika, yodalirika, yokhazikika, koma ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe imawotcha dzimbiri. Kuonjezera apo, madzi oterewa amafunika khama lalikulu m'bungwe;
- pulasitiki (polypropylene) - yokhazikika, yosavuta kukhazikitsa, yochepetsetsa, yosathamanga, osayimitsa, ndi yotsika mtengo;
- chitsulo pulasitiki - mosavuta kukhazikitsa, kuteteza kusungidwa kwa ndalama ndi mawonekedwe a dzimbiri, koma movutikira kwambiri kutentha ndi kutentha, kuwonongeka pamene akugunda.
Mapaipi apulasitiki samaopa kutentha, osathamanga, mosavuta kubwereka ku mawonekedwe ofunidwa, mtengo wocheperapo kuposa chitsulo-pulasitiki kapena mkuwa. Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito madziwa ndi pafupifupi zaka 50.
Kuti mukhale ndi mgwirizano wolimba ndi wokhutira wa zinthu zomwe zilipo, muyenera kuyika ma valve apadera: ma valve, zowonjezera, zipangizo zamagetsi. Zojambula - ngodya, tees, adapters, ziyenera kusankhidwa kuchokera ku chinthu chomwecho monga chitoliro.
Ndikofunikira! HZolemba zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, zotsimikizirika ndi zodalirika zopanga opanga. Muyenera kusunga pa izo, chifukwa zowonjezera zabwino zimathandiza kuti pulogalamuyo iswe.
Kupaka mapulaneti kumaphatikizapo kutseka matanki, mabomba (matepi), siphoni. Ochita ntchito samalangizanso kupulumutsa pa zipangizozi.
Kuchokera pa zipangizo pakuyika ma plumbing mudzafunikira chitsulo chosungunula kapena chitsulo, chomwe chimapangidwira mankhwala opulasitiki. Mukhoza kugula ku sitolo iliyonse yamagetsi, ndi yotsika mtengo.
Technology imapanga kayendedwe ka magetsi
Asanayambe kulenga kayendedwe ka madzi, ndibwino kuti tiganizire za njira yopezera madzi, momwe mfundo zazikuluzikulu, mfundo za madzi ndi zinthu zina zimadziwika.
Kuyika dongosolo la madzi ku nyumba
Kuikidwa kwa madzi kumayambira ndi kukhazikitsa kwaipi, zomwe ziyenera kubweretsedwa ku malo onse ofunidwa, ndiko kuti, ogula. Kusunthika kumayamba kuchokera ku gwero, mmalo mwa chitsime chimene chitsime chikuchita.
Video: Momwe mungakonzekere bwino ndikulowa madzi kunyumba
Kuomba kwapansi kumakhala pansi pa nthaka yozizira kwambiri, pamtunda wa mchenga.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mapaipi aikidwa pamphepete mwa nthaka yozizira, ndiye kuti mapaipi ayenera kukulunga ndi zinthu zowononga kuti asawononge madzi a m'nyengo yozizira.
Monga mapaipi, mankhwala opangidwa ndi polypropylene ndi mkati mwake mamita 3 masentimita ali angwiro. Ngati madzi akutha nthawi yaitali, mapaipi amadziphatika ndi ziboliboli zooneka ngati belu za mawonekedwe oyenera: ang'onong'ono, olunjika, amtatu, ndi zina zotero.
Pembedzerani kupyolera kapena kupyapyala pa ulusi, muyenera kulumikiza ku mpope. Kuchokera ku gwero ndiko kuyika mapaipi kunyumba, kwa hydroaccumulator.
Chiwembu cha chitoliro chikuchitidwa ndi njira imodzi:
- Serial connection. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa nyumba zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi anthu 2-3. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta: madzi amatha kudutsa pakati pa chitoliro chachikulu m'nyumba, ndipo tee imayikidwa pambali pambali iliyonse ya madzi (matepi, osakaniza), omwe amatsogolera madzi kwa wogula. Chosavuta kwambiri cha kukhazikitsa izi ndikutsika kwambiri kwa madzi pamene mutsegula matepi angapo nthawi yomweyo.
- Kusonkhanitsa kusonkhanitsa. Chokhazikika chake chimakhala kuti mapaipi amachokera kwa osonkhanitsa ku mfundo iliyonse. Pankhaniyi, kukakamizidwa kwa madzi kwa matepi kudzakhala kofanana.
Njira yabwino yogawira mapaipi ndi yachiwiri. Ngakhale kuti zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri, komabe zidzatha kupeza madzi abwino, omwe amatha kuthamanga kwambiri.Pamene mukupanga waya wothandizira, ndikulimbikitsana kutsatira malamulo angapo ofunika:
- Mapaipi amapangidwa, kupyolera zonse stroykonstruktsii. Ngati sikutheka kuchita izi, ndiye kuti ayenera kudutsa mu khoma lapadera.
- Mbali zonse za dongosolo mu nyumba ziyenera kuchitika motero kuti zili kutali ndi makoma. Izi zidzatheketsa, ngati kuli koyenera, kukonza njira yothetsera.
- Ngati ngodya zakunja zikudutsa, ndiye kuti chitoliro chiyenera kuchitika kutalika kwa 1.5 masentimita kuchokera pamenepo, poyendayenda m'makona - patali masentimita 4.
- Ndikofunika kukonza zinthu zapayipi mothandizidwa ndi mapepala apadera kapena awiri.
Video: ubwino ndi kuipa kwa piriti yophimba ndi tee kapena wosonkhanitsa
Monga tanena kale, kugwirizana kwa mapulogalamu a polypropylene a madzi akuchitika mothandizidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.
Kusungidwa kwa caisoni
Kwa kukhazikitsa kwa caisson ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale kutha. Kuchita izi, dzenje lafukula kuzungulira bwino mpaka mamita 2 ndikuzama ndipo pafupifupi mamita 1.5 m'lifupi, malingana ndi kukula kwa chidebe chogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati pakufukula dzenje lidzaza ndi madzi, ndiye kuti likulumidwa ndi masentimita angapo ndipo mofanana ndi izi, madziwa amachotsedwa.
Chotsatiracho chiyenera kukhala dzenje, mkati mwake chimene chimbudzi chimapezeka. Pansi pa caisson muyenera kudula dzenje lomwe m'mimba mwake ndi lofanana ndi awiri a chitoliro.
Kenaka chidebecho chiyenera kutsetsereka mu dzenje, kufikira pakati, kenako chimatha kudulidwa ndikukongoletsera pansi pa kabichi pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera magetsi.
Video: Kodi kukhazikitsa kampaniyi kuli bwanji
Tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa chitoliro chochotseramo madzi omwe amapangidwira ndikukonza makina opangira magetsi.
Caisson iyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi, n'kusiya pamwamba pokha phokosolo loyenera kulowa mkatikati mwa kapangidwe kake.
Pulogalamu yogwirizana
Gawo lotsatira laipiipi ndi kukhazikitsa ndikugwirizanitsa mpope. Zimapezeka molingana ndi izi:
- musanayambe kupaka mpweya, m'pofunika kutsuka bwino bwino madziwo mpaka madzi asatha;
- mkati mwake pafupi mtunda wa mamita 1 kuchokera pansi pa gwero, mpope iyenera kuikidwa, pamene iyenera kukhala yonse mu madzi;
- Pamodzi ndi izi, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa PVC chitoliro kudzera mmadzi omwe aperekedwa pamwamba, ndi chingwe chofunikira kuti muzitha kuyendetsa ntchito ya mpope;
- pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa kwa mpope ayenera kuchitidwa kuika kuyambira-chitetezo chipangizo ndi osabwezeretsa valve;
- Chotsatira ndicho kusintha kusintha kwa sitima. Chizindikiro chotsitsimula chiyenera kukhala 0,9 chachinyengo pa kuyamba.
Video: kusankha, kusuta ndi kuika pomp mu chitsime ndi manja anu
Pambuyo poika papepala, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa kapu, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza pakamwa pakamwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakunja.
Kuyika kwa accumulator
Kuika accumulator kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi madzi osungika mumadzi opangira madzi. Mfundo ya pulogalamuyi ndi yophweka: mutatha kuyatsa pope, thanki yopanda kanthu imayamba kudzaza madzi.
Pamene mutsegula kampu m'nyumba, madzi samachokera mwachindunji, koma kuchokera ku gombe la accumulator.
Pamene madzi akumwa, pampu imayambiranso kubwezeretsa madzi.
Chipangizochi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'njira yomwe chidzafike mosavuta, kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa.
Video yothetsera bwanji accumulator
Kumalo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa hydroaccumulator, motsogoleredwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka madzi, muyenera kuika valve yowola. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, musanayambe, ndibwino kuti muyikepo valve yotsekemera, yomwe imayenera kukhetsa madzi.
Kumapeto kwa ntchito muyenera kuyimitsa batete kudzera mu chisindikizo cha mphira. Izi zidzatetezera komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa kugwedeza.
Zimadziwika kuti nyumba iliyonse kapena nyumba zimakhala ndi kukhala ndi manja aluso. Werengani momwe mungadzipangire nokha: kuphimba padenga ndi todulin, pezani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala, sungani mafelemu pazenera, ndi kumanga khonde ndi manja anu.
Kuyeza kwadongosolo
Pambuyo pomaliza ntchito yonse yomanga, m'pofunika kuyesa dongosolo kuti likhale lamphamvu, umphumphu ndi zolimba. Kuti tichite izi, dongosololi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo limaloledwa kukhala pafupi maola awiri.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yeniyeni, kwa mphindi 30 kawiri, ndi nthawi ya mphindi 10, yonjezerani kupsinjika kwa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi theka.
Kupanikizika kwa ntchito ndi 0.6 MPa (kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuyesa). Ndiye ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi kuchokera ku machitidwe ndikuyendetsa bwino mapaipi a umphumphu, kuphulika, ndi zina zotero.
Video: kuyesa kachitidwe ka madzi
Ngati bomba ili bwino, likhoza kuloledwa kugwira ntchito.
Kuyendetsa mapulani ndi manja anu ndizovuta komanso zoyenera, koma ndizotheka kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chidziwitso ndi luso lochepa muderali. Pogwira ntchito, chinthu chachikulu ndicho kutsatira malangizo onse ndikukhala osamala. Ndipo ngati pali kukayikira za ziyeneretso zawo, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kupatsa bungwe dongosolo la madzi kwa akatswiri.
