Matenda a Strawberry ndi Tizilombo: Mavuto Omwe Angachitike, Njira Zowongolera ndi Kupewa

Strawberry kapena sitiroberi ndi imodzi mwazipatso zodziwika bwino kwambiri pazamalimi a Russian wamaluwa. Oberetsa adabzala mitundu yambiri yosiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwambiri, zipatso, kulolerana kozizira, koma palibe amene amateteza kumatenda ambiri achikhalidwecho. Amakonda sitiroberi ndi tizirombo, zomwe zimatha kulanda nyakulima yofunika kwambiri kapena mbewu yonse. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungazindikire vutoli, kuthana nalo komanso zomwe mungachite kupewa.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi mabulosi olima

Matenda a sitiroberi komanso kugonjetsedwa kwa tizirombo take timawonetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro chomwechi chimatha kuwonetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro choyamba chodabwitsa ndi kusintha maonekedwe a mbewu. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa zina, ndipo zinthu zimasintha pakakonzedwa. Koma pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zina. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Kukukuta kuyanika zipatso. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kusakhalapo kwa nyengo yayitali. Strawberry ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, kuthirira koyenera ndikofunikira.
• Kupanda zipatso. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti mitunduyo ndi ya gulu la "zodwala", mazira opaka zipatso pamatchi oterowo sapezekapo (samatulutsa maluwa kapena alibe maluwa). Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizakale kapena, mbewu zatsopano, kuchepa kwa feteleza, kuzizira kwa tchire (makamaka osati mitundu yozizira kwambiri). Ngati thumba losunga mazira litawoneka, koma louma ndi kugwa, choyambitsa chachikulu ndikuwoneka ngati kachilomboka.
• Zaconde pang'ono, zipatso zazing'ono. Mwambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mavuto oyipitsa, makamaka ngati sitiroberi kamakula mu greenhouse. Njuchi ndi ma bumblebe sakhala otakataka kwambiri nyengo yozizira.
• Masamba achikasu. Pali zifukwa zambiri. Zambiri zomwe zimabzala ndikuwotcha dzuwa (zimawotcha masamba), acidic substrate, kuchepa kwa chinyezi, kusowa kwa michere - magnesium (masamba amakutidwa ndi malo ang'ono achikasu), nayitrogeni (pezani chikasu cha mandimu), chitsulo (potembenukira chikasu pakati pamitsempha) . Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndikuwoneka ngati tizilombo timene timadya timadziti tambiri - nsabwe, akangaude, ma weevils.
• Masamba opepuka. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, izi ndi zachilengedwe. Mukukula, mawonekedwe osabadwa amtunduwu amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa potaziyamu kapena kukula kwambiri kwa malo obzala.
• Masamba owuma. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimachitika ndizosiyanasiyana monga matenda oyamba ndi fungus (chilichonse chowala, choipitsa pang'ono) kapena kuwoneka kwa tizirombo (kachiromboka, kachiromboka). Potentha kwambiri, masamba amawuma chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chinyezi.
• Masamba achinyamata opindika. Chizindikiro ichi chimadziwika ngati tchire la sitiroberi chikuukira kubzala.
• Zipatso zosinthidwa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikusowa kwa boron. Komanso, izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuti mbewu nthawi yamaluwa idayamba kulowa mu nyengo ya masika yobwerera - cholandiracho chimavutika chifukwa cha iwo.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Zizindikiro zamatenda wamba komanso tizirombo ta sitiroberi

Matenda-achikhalidwe ndi njira zowawongolera

Matenda ambiri okhudza sitiroberi amayambitsidwa ndi bowa. Pali ma virus omwe ali oopsa pachomera (mawonekedwe owoneka, "tsache la mfiti" ndi zina). Sizotheka kuthana ndi njira zamakono. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimatha kukumbidwa kuchokera pamabedi ndikuwotcha, ndikuchotsa gwero la matenda.

Zola zowola

Malo owala opanda pake amawoneka pamasamba ndi zipatso. Pang'onopang'ono, minofu iyi imaphwa (ngati msewu ndi wotentha) kapena kuvunda (nyengo yonyowa, yamvula). Muzovuta kwambiri, zipatso ndi masamba adakutidwa ndi utoto wokutira oyera, ofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje. Simungathe kudya sitiroberi. Nthawi zambiri, sitiroberi wobiriwira panthaka amadwala bowa. Chiwopsezo chimachepetsedwa kwambiri ndikamakulidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, pamabedi ofukula, mufilimu yakuda.

Zola zowola sizimakhudza kwambiri zipatso za sitiroberi zomwe zimamera mu wowonjezera kutentha, komanso pabedi

Pothana ndi zowola zoyera, amagwiritsa ntchito Derozal, Horus, Bayleton kapena switch. Chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa komanso pafupipafupi - mogwirizana kwambiri ndi malangizo a wopanga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse nkoletsedwa panthawi ya zipatso komanso kwa masiku osachepera 15 lisanachitike. Ndiosafunikiranso kwambiri pamaluwa.

Popewa kuwola koyera pakati pa mizere ya sitiroberi, adyo kapena anyezi obzalidwa. Pakadutsa masiku 8-10, tchire limapakidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mpiru, tsabola wofiyira pansi. Nthaka m'mundawo imakonkhedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Ngati tchire zambiri m'mundamo zidakhudzidwa ndi bowa chaka chino, pakatha masabata awiri mutakolola, mbewu ndi dothi ziyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala ndi kukonzekera kulikonse.

Gray zowola

Zipatsozi zimakutidwa ndi chidutswa chokulirapo cha "chofiyira" chofiyira. Ngati muwakhudza, mitambo ya "fumbi" la mtundu womwewo imakwera m'mwamba. Matendawa amafalikira mofulumira, makamaka polumikizana mwachindunji ndi zipatso odwala ndi athanzi. Ngati palibe chochita, bowa amatha kuwononga 50-90% ya mbewu yonse. Mitundu yoyambirira ya sitiroberi imakhala yosagonjetseka ndi imvi zowola, makamaka Ruby Pendant, Novelty, Friendship, Pocahontas. Kuperewera pang'ono, malo obiriwira, mpweya wambiri, komanso nayitrogeni wambiri m'nthaka amathandizira pakukula kwake.

Strawberry imvi zowola zimafalikira kuyambira zipatso zodwala kupita kwa athanzi mwachangu kwambiri.

Popewa, maluwa atangotsala pang'ono, mabulosi amathandizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena owombera adyo, XOM, Tiram, Kukonzekera kwa chithunzi. Thirirani kuyambira pomwe masamba okha amawonekera pamizu, nthaka iyenera kuthilitsidwa kuti zipatso zisakhudze pansi.

Kuti muthane ndi bowa, muyenera kuchotsa zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa nthawi zonse ndikuchepetsa minda. Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa modabwitsa, kulola kuti nthaka iume bwino. Pambuyo pake, kwa masabata awiri, madzi wamba amasinthidwa ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate. Ndi kumasula kulikonse, onjezani phulusa lamatanda, lophwanyika mu ufa wa choko, pa kama. Ndikupangidwanso kuti muzichita mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba - 2 g ya boric acid ndi madontho 20 a ayodini mu 10 malita a madzi.

Kanema: njira zolimbana ndi imvi zowola

Zowola (Rhizoctonia)

Nthawi zambiri, sitiroberi amadwala matendawa pomwe kusinthasintha kwa mbewu sikumawonedwa, komanso podzala m'mundamo momwe Solanaceae adakula kale. Mizu (makamaka achichepere) imayamba kufinya, kukhala yofewa kukhudza. Amaphwa, amasweka mosavuta. Kenako, zotupa zofananira zimawonekera pa masamba a masamba ndi "nyanga." Chitsamba chitha kuchotsedwa m'nthaka pafupifupi.

Kulimbana ndi matendawa ndizosatheka. Zowonekera bwino, matenda amawonekera pokhapokha ngati matendawa apita kutali kwambiri. Njira zabwino zopewera ndi ukadaulo waluso wazothupi. Musanabzale, mizu ya tchire chatsopano tikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsitse madzi kwa mphindi 2-3 (40-45ºº) kapena mphindi 10-15 mu njira yothetsera Fitosporin, Maxim, Previkur.

Zizindikiro zokhazikitsidwa ndi kuzungulira kwa mizu pamlengalenga wa chomera kumawonekera pomwe njirayo idapita kale mokwanira

Ngati mbewu zowola zakhudza mbewu zochepa zokha, zimakumbidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongeka. Dothi m'malo ano limakhetsedwa ndi 3% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Bordeaux fluid. Bedi limasulidwa bwino, ndikulowetsa mapepala a Alirin-B ndi Trichodermin m'nthaka. Kuchulukitsa kochuluka kumatsutsana. Ndikwabwino kusinthitsa madzi ndi pinki yotsekera njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Powdery mildew

Matendawa ndiosavuta kuzindikira, koma kulimbana ndi bowa ndizovuta. Pamasamba, petioles, zipatso, mapesi, kuphatikiza kwoyera kumawoneka, kofanana ndi ufa wokhathamira. Pang'onopang'ono, madera awa amakula, chikalacho "chimalimba" ndikuchita mdima, kusintha mtundu kukhala bulauni-bulauni ndi tint yofiirira. Zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa zimasokonekera. Simungathe kudya sitiroberi.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumathandiza kuti nyengo izikhala yofewa, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kuthamanga kwa malo, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka, kuthirira kosayenera (zonse kuchepa kwa chinyontho ndi kuchuluka kwake). Zosiyanasiyana Olivia, Polka, Pandora, Ruby pendant, Sparkle, Galichanka amalimbana ndi bowa wa pathogenic.

Powdery mildew imawoneka ngati zokutira zopanda vuto zomwe zimavuta kupukuta masamba, koma kwenikweni ndi matenda owopsa

Poletsa kukula kwa powdery mildew, sitiroberi limasefusidwa ndi colloidal sulufule katatu pakulima, nthaka pakama imakhetsedwa ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena madzimadzi a Bordeaux. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mutangotulutsa masamba pang'ono, musanayambe maluwa, pambuyo pake ndi masiku 15 mpaka 20 mutatha zipatso. Mukukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka azitsamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi yankho la phulusa la sopo (40 g pa 10 malita a madzi), phulusa la nkhuni kapena chithovu cha m'nyumba, sopo wobiriwira wobiriwira. Kuthira manyowa mwachindunji ndi boric acid, mkuwa wa sulfate ndi zinc sulfate, womwe umakhudzanso chitetezo chokwanira cha mbewu, umathandizanso.

Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala aliwonse amkuwa - fungicides. Zothandiza kwambiri ndi Topaz, Bayleton, Kuproksat, Horus. Akamasula, Euparen, Karatan amalowetsedwa m'nthaka.

Kanema: momwe mungachotsere ufa wa powdery pa sitiroberi

Fusarium

Pafupifupi chikhalidwe chilichonse m'mundamu chitha kudwala bowa. Kukula kwa matendawa kumathandizira kuti nyengo yotentha ikhale youma. Zotsatira zake, gawo lakuwala la mtengowo limawuma. Choyamba, mawanga ang'ono akhungu amawoneka pamasamba, kenako petioles, mphukira ("masharubu") ndi "nyanga" zimasanduka zofiirira. Masamba youma ndi kupindika, chitsamba "chimasweka", rosette ngati kuti igwera pansi. Njira yonseyi imatenga masabata 4-6. Pali mitundu ya sitiroberi yolimbana ndi Fusarium - Bohemia, Capri, Flamenco, Christine, Sonata, Florence, Omsk koyambirira, Alice.

Njira zochizira anthu polimbana ndi fusariosis zilibe ntchito

Zithandizo za anthu ku fungus sizothandiza. Kuletsa bwino kwa chitukuko cha fusarium ndi fungicides achilengedwe (Agat-25K, Trichodermin, Phytosporin, PhytoDoctor). Bedi ndi mbewu zimapoperedwa ndi pafupipafupi pakatha masabata 1.5-2. Potsatira yankho lomweli, mizu ya tchire chatsopano imanyowa musanadzalemo.

Pazowonongeka zambiri, Fundazol, Benorad, Horus amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi fusarium. Ngati sizotheka kuthana ndi vutoli, bedi la mundawo limatsukidwa bwino, zinyalala za mbewu zimatenthedwa, nthaka yotsala ndi majeremusi imakhetsedwa ndi yankho la 2% Nitrafen. Mutha kubzalanso sitiroberi m'derali osachepera zaka 5-6.

Mawonekedwe oyera (ramularis)

Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono tofiirira. Pang'onopang'ono iwo amakula, pakati amakhala oyera, amtundu kapena beige opepuka. Matendawa amafalikira kwa petioles ndi zipatso. Zotsatira zake, minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa imafa, mabowo amapanga masamba. Amafota ndi kufota. Madontho a brownish amawoneka pa zipatso, spores kulowa mkatikati mwa sitiroberi, kuwononga kukoma kwake. Mafangayi amafalikira mwachangu, makamaka ndi chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula pakati pa nthawi yamasamba.

Kuwona kwamchere sikamayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu, koma kumachepetsa lochuluka

Popewa dothi m'mundamo, mbewu zomwe zimabzala ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi kukolola zimathiridwa ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid kapena ndi Tsineb, kukonzekera kwa Falcon. Makamaka chidwi ayenera kulipidwa zochizira underside masamba. Pa zotupa zazikulu, Horus, Bayleton, ndi Strobi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Maonekedwe a bulauni

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula nthawi ya zipatso. M'madera onse azomera, makamaka pamasamba achichepere, mawanga owoneka akuda amaoneka, ofiirira. Zipatso zimamera pang'ono komanso zofiirira, masamba ndi "masharubu" amawuma. Tchire limatha kutaya 60-70% ya unyinji wobiriwira. Tizilombo ta fungus timagona bwino kubisalira zinyalala zam'mera, timanyamula ndi tizilombo. Imafalikira molumikizana ndi madontho amadzi.

Tizilombo tofiirira tambiri tambiri timakhala tambiri m'dothi kapena m'nthaka, timasunga chidziwitso ngakhale patazizira kwambiri

Zithandizo zachikhalidwe cha anthu polimbana ndi mawanga a bulauni sizothandiza. Popewa, masamba akutuluka, komanso masamba, amafafizidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid kapena HOM. Pokhazikitsidwa ndi chotupa chachikulu, Oksikhom, Kuprozan, Skor, Ridomil-Gold amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Anthracnose

Zomwe zimatetezeka kwambiri ndi matendawa ndi zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuperewera kwa michere, komanso zomwe zimawonongeka pang'ono. Spus ya bowa wa pathogenic amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo, tizilombo, mvula yamkuntho. Strawberry Pelican, Idea, Pegan, Daver sapeza anthracnose.

Masamba ndi zipatso zimakutidwa ndi mawanga amtundu wa njerwa ndi malire a bulauni kapena achikasu. Pang'onopang'ono, amakula, amaphatikizana. Kenako mawanga amasandulika kukhala "zilonda" zokhala ndi nkhawa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi utoto, nkhope zawo zikusweka, madontho amtambo amtambo wotuwa kwambiri achikasu. Masamba akauma, thukuta limakhala losalimba, gawo lonse lazomera limawuma ndikumwalira.

Anthracnose amadziwika mosavuta ndi malo ake "owoneka" paz zipatso, petioles ndi masamba

Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi anthracnosis ndi Acrobat-MTs, Skor, Fundazol. Pofuna kupewa, masamba a dothi ndi dothi m'munda 3-4 nthawi iliyonse amafafaniza ndi Fitosporin, Topsin-M kapena Gamair. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera aliyense biostimulator (Epin, Zircon, potaziyamu humate) pa yankho.

Verticillosis

Bowa wa pathogenic makamaka amakhudza mizu. Zizindikiro zakuthambo zam'mera zimangopezeka pokhapokha njira zake zitakwanira kale. Masamba a Strawberry amakula yaying'ono, siyani pakukula. Petioles imakhala yofiyira, zipatso zimasanduka zofiirira komanso zopunduka, masamba ochokera pouma kwambiri.

Njira zabwino kwambiri zopewa matenda a verticillosis ndikutsatira malangizo a kulima sitiroberi, choyambirira, kudya koyenera. Ngati matendawa apita kale kwambiri, tchire lomwe lakhudzidwalo limakumbidwa ndikuwotcha, ndipo mafangayi amathiridwa kuti asafe. Mu magawo oyamba a verticillosis, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Maxim, Fundazole, Fitosporin, Fitodoctor.

Ndizovuta kupirira ndi verticillosis, chifukwa chake, kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala popewa matendawa

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi omwe ali ndi majini osakanikirana ndi matendawa - Lambada, Figaro, Gourmand, Tsarskoye Selo, Favorit. Ambiri a iwo samakhudzidwa ndi imvi zowola.

Kanema: Matenda A Strawberry Ambiri

Tizilombo tambiri: momwe tingazizindikire ndi kuthana nazo

Strawberry samalawa anthu okha, komanso tizirombo tina tambiri. Komanso, ambiri aiwo ndi owopsa osati kokha, komanso monga onyamula bowa wa pathogenic, ma virus, ndi mabakiteriya.

Rasipiberi ndi sitiroberi sitiroberi

Osangokhala ma sitiroberi ndi rasipiberi okha omwe amavutika ndi izi, komanso mbewu zambiri za banja la Pinki. Akuluakulu (tating'ono tating'ono wakuda) ndi mphutsi zimavulanso m'minda. Woyamba kudya tsamba lamasamba. Kenako zazikazi zimayikira mazira awo m'maluwa, kuterera pa peduncle. Mphutsi zakudya zimadya kuchokera mkati, ndikuwononga mazira azipatso. Zikupanga kukhala zakuda, kugwa.

Kuwonongeka kwa sitiroberi kumayambitsidwa ndi onse akuluakulu ndi mphutsi za rasipiberi-sitiroberi sitovu

Popewa, anyezi, adyo, marigolds, nasturtiums obzalidwa pakati pa mizere ya sitiroberi kapena m'mbali mwa kama. Ming'alu yomwe ikhoza kukhudzidwa ndi njuchi,, ngati zingatheke, izikhala kutali ndi inzake. Zimathandizira kupewa mawonekedwe a weevil ndi wowerengeka azitsamba - kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa, tansy, hellebore, chipewa cha walnut, ufa wa mpiru, peel ya anyezi. Masamba amatsanulidwa kamodzi sabata iliyonse, ndi gawo la budding ndi maluwa tsiku lililonse 2-3.

Pakachitika vuto lamatenda mobwerezabwereza m'mawa, tchire limagwedezeka mwamphamvu, mutatha kufalitsa nyuzipepala, zovala zamafuta, ndi zofunda pansi pawo. Misampha yopanga tokha imaperekanso zotsatira zabwino - mabotolo odzazidwa ndi shuga ndi yisiti. Mkati mwa khosi mumadzola mafuta a masamba kuti tizirombo tisatuluke. Tchire ndi dothi pansi pawo zidapakidwa ndi Novaktion, Iskra-M, Kinmiks. Kukonzanso kumachitika mukakolola kuti muwonongere mphutsi zachisanu m'nthaka.

Strawberry mite

Imodzi mwa tizirombo todziwika bwino komanso moopsa pachikhalidwe. Ndizosatheka kuwona ndi maliseche. Masamba ophimbidwa ndi madontho a bulauni, amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wachikasu. Masamba awo amakhala odzala, masamba achichepere nthawi zambiri samatha mpaka kumapeto. Kuchokera pa sitiroberi uyu, mwina, sadzafa, koma zokolola zimachepa (mwa 50-60%).

Strawberry Mite - Chimodzi mwa Zida Zodziwika Kwambiri Strawberry

Pa prophylaxis mutakolola, mbewu zimafafaniza ndi Karbofos. Mukukula, dothi limasefukira katatu komanso ndi sulfure ya colloidal. Kuchokera pamenepo, mutha kukonzekera njira yothetsera tchire. Zithandizo zaanthu - kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena gruel, masamba a dandelion. Mizu yodzala musanabzalire kwa mphindi 2-3 imamizidwa koyamba m'moto wotentha (40-45 ° C), kenako ndi madzi ozizira (15-20 ° C).

Ngati tizilombo touluka tambiri, Fufanon, Kemifos, Novaktion, Actellik amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Zenga-Zengan, Torpedo, Vityaz, Zarya ali kugonjetsedwa ndi nthata za sitiroberi.

Strawberry tsamba kachilomboka

Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tofiirira timakhala makamaka mkati mwa masamba. Amadyanso timasamba ta masamba, amatimata kuchokera mkati. Akazi amayikira mazira pa petioles. Mphutsi zosaswa zimadyanso masamba a masamba. Zimakhala zowonda, zowuluka, nthawi zina mabowo amawoneka. Zotsatira zake, tchire limayimitsa chitukuko, zipatso zimatha.

Chovuta chachikulu ku sitiroberi chimayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi za masamba a sitiroberi

Pofuna kuthamangitsa tizilombo pabedi, kumayambiriro kasupe nthaka imakonkhedwa ndi fumbi lafumbi kapena masamba owuma pansi ngati zinyalala. Koma izi siziyenera kuchitiridwa nkhanza kuti kukoma kwa zipatso kusawonongeke. Maluwa asanafike, maluwa amapatsiridwa ndi Karbofos kapena Karate. Kupalira nthawi zonse kumafunika. Makamaka mosamala muyenera kuwononga meadowsweet ndi cinquefoil goose. Tizilombo ta masamba a Strawberry timadyanso mbewu izi.

Strawberry Whitefly

Agulugufe oyera ochepa ngati mbewa oyera amakangamira mkati mwa masamba. Kukhudza kulikonse kwa chitsamba ndikokwanira kuti iwo angulukire mumlengalenga. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi zokutira zomata ndi wosanjikiza wa bowa wamiyendo. Whiteflies amadya pa msuzi wa mbewu, kotero zimakhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, kenako masamba amasandulika akuda ndikufa.

Pazifukwa zina, bulangeti ya sitiroberi imakonda kwambiri chikasu; izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misampha.

Phindu labwino polimbana ndi vuto loyera limaperekedwa ndi misomali yazakapangidwe zopangidwa ndi zikatoni zachikasu, zothira mafuta ndi kena kamata. Pakachitika nkhondo yambiri, Aktaru, Rovikurt, Confidor amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo cha abambo - shampoo iliyonse yamkaka kapena kutsitsi komwe kumakhala fipronide. Popewa, anyezi ndi adyo obzalidwa pakati pa mizere ya sitiroberi, mbewu zimapoperedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mivi kapena zamkati tsiku lililonse lililonse la 10-12.

Strawberry Nematode

Nematode ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono zomwe zimadya pamadzi a masamba achichepere. Amakhazikika mu zolakwa zawo, chifukwa chake ali pafupifupi osawoneka. Akazi amayikira mazira pamizu - yokutidwa ndi bulletical kutalika kwa mbewu ya poppy. Pazakudya, nematode amalowetsa minyewa ndi chinthu chomwe chimasokoneza kagayidwe kachakudya. Zotsatira zake, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kupunduka, mitsempha pa iwo imanenepa, kuchuluka kwa masamba amachepetsa kwambiri, zipatso zimakhala zazing'ono.

Strawberry nematode ndiyosatheka kuwona ndi maliseche

Ma Nematode simalola kutentha konse. Chifukwa chake, mizu yamatchire musanabzalire pansi kwa mphindi zingapo kumizidwa m'madzi otentha. Amathiriridwa bedi kumayambiriro kwamasika. Masamba achichepere oyuka amathiridwa ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhudzanso osati majeremusi okha, komanso mbatata, nandolo, anyezi. Zofunika kubzalidwe momwe zingathere kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.

Strawberry nematode mphutsi kuwaswa kuchokera mazira kuwononga sitiroberi mizu mwa kudya iwo kuchokera mkati

Pofuna kuthana ndi nematode gwiritsani ntchito Phosphamide, Vitaros, Carbation, Heterophos. Mukatha kukolola, sitiroberi amathandizidwa ndi Scor, Fundazole. Njira yothetsera wowerengeka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa lunguzi, koma sizipereka mphamvu nthawi zonse.

Ma nsabwe

Chimodzi mwazilombo "zazikulu" zonse, zomwe zimakhudza mbewu zam'munda komanso zamkati. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana tosiyanasiyana (kuyambira utoto wonyezimira mpaka kutuwa bii) timakhala m'magulu athunthu, kumamatira kunsi kwa masamba, masamba, mazira azipatso. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimadyera pa chakudya cha mbewuyo, kotero kuti malo omwe akukhudzidwawo amakutidwa ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono a beige, masamba ndi opunduka ndi opindika. Nthawi yomweyo, zokutira zowoneka bwino. Ndizofunika kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala mchimodzimodzi ndi nyerere, ndipo zimayeneranso kumenya nkhondo.

Aphid ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe sanyansidwa ndi mbewu zam'munda zilizonse

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasamalidwa bwino ndi fungo lililonse labwino. Ndikofunika kubzala zitsamba zamtundu uliwonse pafupi ndi kama wa sitiroberi, komanso chowawa, marigolds, fennel, lavender, ndi chamomile. Zambiri mwazomerazi zimakopa nsabwe za m'masamba - ma ladybugs - kwa adani awo achilengedwe. Zonenepa zonsezi, komanso nsuzi za phwetekere, mbatata, mivi ya anyezi ndi adyo, masamba a mandimu, tsabola wotentha, tchipisi tating'onoting'ono titha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zinthu zopanda pake pokonzekera infusions. Popewa kupezeka kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, ndikokwanira kupopera mbewu zamtundu uliwonse pakapita masiku 8-10, ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka, katatu tsiku lililonse.

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakufalikira kwa tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri zokwanira wowerengeka azitsamba. Tizilombo chilichonse chochita wamba chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito - Aktara, Iskra-Bio, Inta-Vir, Confidor ndi zina zambiri.

Kanema: Chithandizo cha wowerengeka chomenyera nsabwe za m'masamba

Chafer

Chovuta chachikulu ku sitiroberi, monga mbewu zina zam'munda, chimayamba chifukwa cha mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka, zomwe zimadya mizu ya chomera. Zotsatira zake, tchire limafa mwachangu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo mochenjera - kumasula dothi mozama pachaka ndi kasupe. White clover imabzalira timipata, ndikudzaza dothi ndi zinthu zomwe zimachotsa mphutsi. Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, masamba asanaphuke, gawo lapansi pabedi limathiridwa ndi madzi ndi madzi am'madzi (2 ml pa lita) kapena miyala yayikulu ingapangidwe ndikudzaza masamba a Decis ndi Karbofos mwa iwo. Chithandizo cha wowerengeka ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi peel. M'nthawi yamasika, imathiridwa katatu pansi pamizu ya chitsamba chilichonse.

Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono titha kudya mizu ya mbewuyo ndipo titha kuwononga bedi lonse la sitiroberi nthawi yochepa

Pofuna kuthana ndi mphutsi, Nemabakt, Pochin, Zemlin amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Akuluakulu ochokera kubzala sitiroberi amasokedwa ndi elderberry, lupine, mpiru womwe wabzala pafupi ndi kama.

Spider mite

Ndikosavuta kuzindikira tizilombo polemba masamba, masamba, thumba losunga zipatso ndi ulusi wowonda, wowoneka bwino, wofanana ndi mizukwa. Amadyetsa madzi a chomera, malo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi pang'onopang'ono amasintha chikaso ndikuuma. Imakhazikika mkati mwa pepalalo, imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi filimu yopyapyala yoyera. Okana kuwonongeka ndi kangaude mitundu yoyamba-grader, Anastasia, Dzuwa, Cinderella Kuban.

Sipanga ya kangaude siyisi tizilombo, chifukwa chake, kufunika kwake polimbana nayo kumangoperekedwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera - ma acaricides

Pofuna kupewa pakati pa tchire la sitiroberi, anyezi, adyo, calendula, marigold amabzalidwe. Tchire zokha zimathiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena gruel wa adyo, decoction wa cyclamen tubers. Koma zoterezi sizothandiza anthu nthawi zambiri. Ngati gawo lalikulu la tchire lagona pabedi, ndibwino kuti musawononge nthawi ndikukhonza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera - acaricides (Actofit, Akarin, Vertimek, Neoron, Apollo). Ayenera kusinthidwa ndi chithandizo chatsopano chilichonse - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasinthasintha mwachangu.

Slug

Chomera china chodabwitsa kwambiri. Ma slgs ali ngati nkhono zopanda chipolopolo. Amadyetsa mnofu wa sitiroberi ndi timisempha ta masamba, amapanga mabowo kapena kudutsa mmenemo. Pamaso pa zipatso ndi masamba, mawonekedwe ake akuwoneka - mizere yazovala zasiliva.

Kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe komanso kuthekera kwa masks aulesi sizimasiyana. Chifukwa chake, chabwino ndimakonzedwe a tizirombo. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito m'mawa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, a slugs amasonkhana pansi pa masamba ndipo amagwira ntchito kwambiri. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito misampha - masamba a kabichi, halves ya mphesa, yodzazidwa ndi mowa, madzi a shuga, zotengera za jamu, zomwe zakumbidwa m'nthaka.

Slugs sangathe kuwononga tchire la sitiroberi, koma amaononga kwambiri chiwonetsero cha zipatso

Mabasi oteteza tizilombo tazunguliridwa ndi "chotchinga" cha mazira kapena ufa, mchenga, paini kapena singano za spruce. Nthaka imakonkhedwa ndi tchipisi cha fodya, phulusa lamatabwa, mpiru. Pafupi ndi bedi, zitsamba zonunkhira zilizonse zofesedwa kwambiri Mutha kuyesanso kukopa aulesi patsamba la adani achilengedwe - hedgehogs, achule ndi mbalame. Nkhuku wamba imagwira ntchito yabwino.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakugwidwa ndi ma slgs ambiri, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri. Mphamvu zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kukonzekera kwa irondehyde, bingu, slug.

Kanema: momwe mungathanirane ndi a slugs m'munda

Njira zopewera

Vuto lililonse ndilosavuta kuthana nalo kuposa kuthana ndi zotsatirapo zake. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kumatenda ndi tizirombo ta sitiroberi. Ma bus omwe amayang'aniridwa bwino sakhala ndi vuto la bowa, ma virus, mabakiteriya, ndipo amawagwidwa ndi tizilombo. Palibe chilichonse chovuta kupewa:

• Kusunga mabedi. Masamba amafunika kumera udzu pafupipafupi, nthawi yophukira - kuchotsa zinyalala zonse za mbewu. Masamba owuma amachotsedwa tchire pakulima. Kuti tisunge nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito maudzu kuti muthane. Koma zosanjikiza za mulch zimafunikanso kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, apo ayi zimayambitsa zovulaza kuposa zabwino.
• Kuyimitsa nthaka. Zoyenera, izi zimayenera kuchitika nthawi iliyonse mukathirira. Kapena osachepera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi pakati pa nyengo yophukira. Izi zimathandiza kuwononga mazira ndi mphutsi za tizirombo tambiri nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa bowa.
• Kugwirizana ndi kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Pamalo omwewo, sitiroberi atha kukhala wamkulu kwa zaka 3-4. Kenako bedi limatsukidwa, dothi litachotsedwa m'mimba, ndikuthira ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena sulfate yamkuwa. Apanso, sitiroberi akhoza kubwezeretsedwamo zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, osati kale.
• Kusankha bwino mbande. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigula pokhapokha ngati malo odalirika okhalamo kapena kuchokera kwa othandizira ena odalirika.
• Kukonzekera kosakonzekera. Pakuteteza matenda, mizu imatha kunyowa m'madzi otentha, njira yofiyira ya pinki ya potaziyamu, fangayi iliyonse yachilengedwe. Mankhwala okhala ndi Copper amawononga bowa yambiri yama pathogenic.
• Kutsatira ndi kufalikira. Ngati mbewu zili mdera lambiri, malo otentha otsekemera amapangidwa, abwino kuti pakhale matenda ambiri komanso tizirombo. Komanso, kubzala kachulukidwe kumathandizira kuti asamuke msanga kuchokera ku matenda kupita kumatenda athanzi.
• Kudyetsa panthawi yake komanso koyenera. Osatengeka kwambiri ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Kuchuluka kwawo munthaka kumafooketsa chitetezo chomera. Koma potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mu Mlingo woyenera, m'malo mwake, mulimbikitseni. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano ngati chovala chapamwamba. Ndi malo abwino osungira mphutsi ndi mazira ambiri tizirombo.
• Kutsirira koyenera. Strawberry ndi malo okonda chinyezi, koma dothi lokhazikika m'madzi limapangitsa kuti zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi bowa zitheke. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi pokhapokha pamwamba pa dothi likutuluka.

Kutsatira ntchito zaulimi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera mbewu yabwino ya sitiroberi ndikuyiteteza ku matenda ndi tizilombo.

Strawberry samakulidwa pokhapokha, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha. Malo otsekerako pomwe mafinya amauma am'mlengalenga ndi oyenera kwambiri pakupanga matenda ndi tizirombo. Ngati malo obzalidwa atakhuthala, vuto lililonse limafulumira mwachangu kuposa pamalo otseguka.

Kuti mupewe izi, wowonjezera kutentha azikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yokulira, dothi limatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutaya madzi otentha kapena konkire ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate. Malo onse amapukutidwa ndi laimu yokhala ndi madzi osakanizidwa ndi madzi kapena 5% yamkuwa. Zitseko zikatsekedwa mwamphamvu, zimapsa ndi utsi wa fodya kapena chidutswa cha bomba la sulufule chimawotchedwa. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse, nyansiyo imayenera kuyatsidwa ndi mpweya wabwino. Muyenera kusankha mankhwalawa omwe amawola pansi, apo ayi pali ngozi yeniyeni ya poizoni nthaka nthawi yayitali.

Kukula ma sitiroberi si ntchito yayikulu. Ngakhale nyakulima wa novice atha kupeza zokolola. Kutengera malamulo ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndiukadaulo waulimi, kupezeka kwa kupewa koyenera, chiwopsezo cha matenda ndi tizirombo timachepetsedwa. Komabe, malo obzala amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi kuti awone ngati pali zotsimikizira. Popeza mwazipeza, muyenera kuzindikira bwino lomwe vutoli ndikudziwa zoyenera kuchita chilichonse.