Kabichi ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zazikulu zamasamba. Amabzala pafupifupi maiko onse a dziko lapansi kuti adye, komanso ngati mankhwala ndi yokongola. Mfundo yakuti palibe munda wa ndiwo zamasamba ukhoza kupanga popanda kabichi umasonyeza kuti kusamalira izo sikovuta kwambiri. Komabe, zokolola zochuluka zingapezeke kokha ndi bungwe la kuthirira bwino ndi feteleza. Zokuthandizani pafupipafupi kuthirira kabichi panja kutentha ndi nyengo yachilengedwe, tawasankha pansipa.
Zomwe zimatsirira kuthirira
Kabichi akusowa chinyezi chokwanira chokwanira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu yaying'ono, koma makina a masamba ali amphamvu. Masamba amapereka madzi ambiri, koma mizu siigonjetsa ntchito yobwezeretsa chinyontho.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi luso lamakono la kabichi: Beijing, broccoli, kolifulawa, kohlrabi, pak-choi, kale, romanesco, red kabichi, savoy.
Izi zimakhala zenizeni pa nthawi youma, popeza kabichi mizu ili pamtunda wosanjikiza, umene umayamba kuuma. Choncho kuthirira ndi kofunika kwambiri komanso kofunika kuti chikhale chitukuko komanso chithandizo chamoyo. Ukhondo woyenera wa madzi umatsogolera ku kukula kwa masamba amkati, kupanga kapangidwe ka kabichi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo waukulu wa mmera.
Kuthirira masamba kumalimbikitsidwa. m'mawa kapena madzulo. Choncho mungapewe kuyaka, chifukwa dzuŵa limakhalabebe kapena silikulimba. Kuwonjezera apo, pa nthawi yamasana, chinyezi chimatha mofulumira kwambiri kuchokera kunthaka, ndipo chomeracho sichipeza nthawi yokwanira.
Zofuna za madzi
Kabichi Zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zowononga madzi. Kutentha kwa madzi kotentha kungayambitse mavuto osayenera. Kuthirira madzi ozizira kumabweretsa matenda, chitukuko chosayenera cha ziwalo za munthu, imfa ya zomera zazing'ono, ndi zina zotero. Kugonana ndi mphamvu ya kutentha kwa kuthirira kudzakhala kofunika ponse pa mbeu yomwe ili mmunda komanso panthawi ya kubzala kale yobzala.
Ndikofunikira! Zofunikira pa magawo a madzi a ulimi wothirira ndi ofanana ndi mitundu yonse ndi mitundu ya kabichi yomwe imabzalidwa yotseguka kapena yotseka.
Choncho, kuyambira ndi mbande, tiyeni tipange lamulo kuti tipeze kutentha kokha kwa ulimi wothirira. kuyambira 18 ° С mpaka 23 ° С. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "kutentha kwa chipinda". N'zotheka kukwaniritsa magawo amenewa mwa kutsanulira madzi pasadakhale kuti mukamwe madzi kuchokera pa tapampu kupita ku chidebe kuti muwone bwino. Ndikofunika kuti madzi asapse, chifukwa kuthirira madzi otentha ndi kosayenera.
Musanayambe kusunga madzi, mutha kusunga madzi ena oyenera omwe ayenera kuchitidwa. Ndibwino kuti ulimi wothirira madzi ndi madzi osungiramo madzi asungidwe m'madzi.
Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kabichi
Kuwonjezera pa kutentha kwa madzi kwa ulimi wothirira, wamaluwa amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi kawirikawiri kabichi ayenera kuthiriridwa. Ndipotu, chomera ichi ndi chinyezi, ndipo sichilandira chinyezi chokwanira, chimatha kapena sichipereka bwino. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kumadalira pazigawo zingapo:
- kuchokera kucha;
- pa mitundu;
- pa nthaka ya mtundu.
Mukudziwa? Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti dzina la kabichi ndi lochokera ku mawu akale achi Greek ndi achiroma akuti "Kaputum", omwe amatanthawuza kuti "mutu". Palinso mabaibulo omwe kholo la dzina la ndiwo zamasamba linali liwu lakuti "kapu" (mutu), wa Aselote.
Malingana ndi nthawi yakucha
Kabichi oyambirira ayenera kuthiriridwa osachepera katatu kapena kanayi pa nyengo, sing'anga komanso mochedwa kasanu kapena kasanu. Kuthamanga kwabwino kwa ulimi wothirira:
- kwa kabichi oyambirira: masiku awiri mutabzala, pambuyo pa masiku 8-10 pambuyo pake;
- kwa mochedwa kabichi: nthawi yoyamba - pa tsiku lodzala, lachiwiri - patangotha sabata, lachitatu-lachisanu - panthawi ya mapangidwe, lachisanu ndi chimodzi-lachisanu ndi chitatu - mu nthawi ya mapangidwe, mutu wachisanu ndi chinayi - pamene mutu uli wokonzeka.
Mukudziwa? Kabichi ndi imodzi mwa ndiwo zamasamba, omwe nthumwi zawo zimagunda masamba a Guinness Book of Records. Kabichi wamkulu kwambiri kabichi unakula ndi American John Evans. Iye ankalemera makilogalamu 34.4. Munthu yemweyo amanyamula mbiri yakukula kolifulawa yaikulu - masekeli 14.1.Kukula mitundu yoyambirira, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mlingo wa dothi sungagwe pansi pa 80%, mochedwa - osachepera 75%. Kwa mitundu yoyambirira, mvula yoyenera iyenera kukhala yowonongeka mu June, chifukwa cha mtsogolo - mu August. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumakhudza mitundu yoyambirira mofulumira.
Kuchokera kuwona
Nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira umadalira kwambiri mtundu wa kabichi. Malingaliro athu akukhudzidwa mitundu yoyera. Ngati mukuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri mumwa kuthirira kolifulawa, ndibwino kuti muzichita izi sabata iliyonse, mu nyengo youma - katatu pa sabata. Vuto lolimbikitsidwa - 10 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m
Pamene mukukula kabichi, ambiri akudzifunsa ngati nkofunikira kuti adzule mbande, kusiyana ndi manyowa, momwe angapulumutsire mbewu.
Kuwonera kofiira - Imodzi mwa chilala kwambiri, chifukwa ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri. Kabichi iyi imayenera kuthiriridwa mosalekeza.
Pamene mukukula broccoli Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosungunuka nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti masentimita 40 masentimita amatha. Kuthirira kumachitika mlungu uliwonse. Kuthira madzi - 12-15 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m
Kohlrabi ndi Brussels amafunika kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, wambiri komanso wothirira nthawi zonse. Mitengo yovomerezeka ya mitundu iyi ingathe kulingaliridwa ngati yomwe imaperekedwa kwa mitundu ya albino.
Beijing kabichi kuthirira kwa kuya kwa masentimita 20 pamlungu. Njira yabwino yosamba ndi kukonkha.
Kuchokera ku dothi la mtundu
Zomera zamasamba zomwe zimakula pamtunda wochepa zimafuna madzi osachepera asanu kapena asanu pa nyengo. Kwa dothi lolemera ndi lamdima, kuchepa mobwerezabwereza kumafunika - katatu kapena kanayi pa nyengo.
Kudya kabichi sikunangokondedwa ndi ife okha, komanso ndi tizirombo zambiri: aphid, whitefly, beard, scoops, slugs, utitiri.
Kuyambira nthawi ya chitukuko
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kawirikawiri kuti muzimwa kabichi mutatha, ndiye ziyenera kuchitika masiku awiri kapena atatu. Pa nyengo yokula, chomera chimodzi chikusowa 2-3 malita pa nthawi kapena 8 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m. Mphamvu yoteroyo idzafunidwa kwa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Madzi ambiri a masamba ndiwofunika pa mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mitu. Nthawi yonseyi, chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chimachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Zidzakwanira kamodzi pa sabata. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu ya madzi ikuwonjezeka 12 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m.
Kutuluka kwa chinyezi kupita ku chomera chiyenera kukhazikika. Ngati pazigawo zonse za chitukuko panali kusowa kwake, zidzakhudza masamba. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa chinyezi chokwanira mu gawo la kukonzanso, ndiyeno kukhazikitsidwa kwa madzi okwanira ambiri, kumabweretsa kukula kwa masamba a mkati ndipo, potero, kuchotsa kunja. Choncho, ming'alu idzawoneka mu masamba.
Pambuyo popanga mitu, masabata awiri kapena atatu musanayambe kukolola, m'pofunika kuletsa kudula nthaka. Mitengo yamasika imasiya kuthirira mwezi usanakwane kudula.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kungayambitsenso ku zotsatira zoipa. Amachepetsa nyengo ya kabichi, amachepetsera makhalidwe ake osamalidwa mwa dongosolo labwino, amachepetsa kutalika kwa kusunga khalidwe.
Kabichi ndi kuthirira ulimi wothirira
Kabichi akulangizidwa kuti amwe madzi m'njira zitatu:
- pamphepete mwa mizere;
- kukonkha;
- kudula.
Ndizabwino kuthirira masamba pamalo otseguka. Pambuyo pazomera zazomera, nkofunika kuika chitoliro cha ulimi wothirira. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwirizane ndi magawo otsatirawa:
- chitoliro m'mimba mwake - 1.6 masentimita;
- Kusiyana pakati pa malo otsekedwa madzi - 30 cm.
Kawirikawiri mlingo wothirira kwa mitundu yoyambirira isanayambe mapangidwe a mutu ndi 55 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m, pa kusasitsa kwa mitu - 70 malita pa 1 lalikulu. M. Kwa mitundu yotsatira, izi ndi izi: musanayambe mutu - 90 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m, mu nthawi yoyamba - 100-110 malita pa 1 lalikulu. m
Mtengo wapamwamba wa chinyezi chisanayambe kuthiridwa kwa kabichi oyambirira mu gawo musanatuluke ndi 80% HB, pa nthawiyi ndi 90% HB. Kwa mitundu yotsatira, zikhalidwe izi zidzakhala: 75% musanayambe, 80% - mu gawo lopanga mitu.
Nthaka wetting kuya kwa oyambirira ndi mochedwa mitundu: pamaso mapangidwe mitu - 25-30 masentimita, pa nthawi ya mapangidwe mitu - 35-40 masentimita.
Kutha kwa ulimi wothirira mitundu yonse ya ndiwo zamasamba kuyenera kukhala: musanakhazikitsidwe mutu - maola atatu, panthawi yopanga mitu - maola 2-2.5
Pulogalamu ya kuthirira madzi:
- m'madera a nkhalango - zisanu ndi zisanu (mu nyengo yamvula), zisanu ndi chimodzi-zisanu ndi ziwiri (chaka chouma);
- m'madera otentha - 8-11 (4-6 musanayambe, 4-5 pambuyo).
Pakati pa kuthirira ayenera kukhala kuyambira masiku 8 mpaka 10. Kusintha kwa pulogalamuyi kumapangidwa malingana ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka ndi kukhalapo kwa mphepo.
Mukudziwa? Sizinakhazikitsidwe zomwe kwenikweni mbewuyo inakhala kholo la kabichi. Pali matembenuzidwe angapo okhudza izi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi ena, gombe la Nyanja ya Mediterranean liyenera kuonedwa ngati malo obadwirako. Ena amaganiza kuti masamba akufalikira ku dziko la Georgia masiku ano.
Kusakaniza ndi kuthirira
Ndi bwino kuchita madzi okwanira pamodzi ndi kuvala pamwamba. Pamene mukukula malonda, chakudya chimodzi kapena ziwiri za NPK20 zidzafunikila. Pa nthawi yomweyo, panthawi ya feteleza yachiwiri, m'pofunika kuchepetsa nayitrogeni ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu.
Kunyumba kuyenera kupangidwa zovala ziwiri kapena zinayi. Kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza kuyenera kuphatikizapo kumasula nthaka.
Kabichi ndi zomera zofunika komanso zofunikira zamasamba. Lili ndi mavitamini angapo (A, B1, B6, C, K, P), mavitamini, michere, phytoncides, mafuta, micro-ndi-macroelements (phosphorous, sulfure, potaziyamu, calcium, etc.), komanso panthawi yomweyi ndi otsika kwambiri, zakudya mankhwala. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi chuma amachititsa kuti chomeracho chigwiritsidwe ntchito mwansanga mankhwala ndi cosmetology.
Kukula munda kumakhala kosavuta, koma chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipira kuthirira. Popanda kutsata boma la ulimi wothirira pa nthawi yokolola sichiyenera kuwerengera. Ndipo momwe mungamwetse kabichi, inu mukudziwa kale.
