Euonymus European - chomera chotchuka kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo ndi kulenga nyimbo za m'munda. Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa amadziwa kuti izi zomera pamodzi makhalidwe monga kukula mofulumira, zabwino kukongoletsa kwenikweni, ndi kukhalapo osiyanasiyana mitundu.
Makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro
European euonymus ndi ya banja la Eoskletovykh. Amapezeka ku Ulaya konse m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Mtundu uwu wa Chilatini umatchedwa Еuonymus europaeus, womwe umamasulira ngati mtengo wokhala ndi dzina laulemerero. Mukhozanso kupeza mayina ena, mwachitsanzo, cowlis, "spindle tree" ndi ena. Makhalidwe apamwamba a chomera ndi awa: 
- Ikhoza kukula mu mawonekedwe a chitsamba (mpaka mamita atatu pamwamba), komanso ngati mtengo (kufika mamita 6 pamwamba). Koma korona, akhoza kukhala mamita asanu m'lifupi mwake.
- Amakula mwamsanga ndipo amalekerera chisanu.
- M'nyengo yozizira mbewu imadumpha masamba.
- Ilibe mizu yakuya, koma yamaluwa.
- Mafuta a mawonekedwe osavuta, osasangalatsa komanso osagwira ntchito m'chilimwe.
- Nthawi yamaluwa ndi May - July. Maluwa ndi ang'onoang'ono, amasonkhanitsa mu ambulera inflorescences.
- Zipatso ndi mabokosi okhumba omwe ali ndi masamba anayi.
- Wood ndi zovuta kupanga zinthu zing'onozing'ono, monga kugwirana ndi singano, ziboda ndi zina.
Mbali za European Euonymus:
- Nthambi zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi kukula kwa nkhumba, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a tsinde amakhala mzere.
- M'nyengo yophukira, masambawo ali obiriwira mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka wofiira.
- Zipatso ndizo zokongoletsera zazomera, zophika mu October, zimatha kumangirira pa tchire m'nyengo yozizira, zokondweretsa diso ndi mtundu wake wowala.
- Kuchokera pamakala amatenthela nkhuni pangirani slate yabwino kuti mujambula.
- Ndi mtundu wa "magnet" wa tizirombo ta mitengo ya zipatso.
- Chipatso cha chomera ndi chakupha kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Pofika zaka za m'ma 1800, anapeza kuti mu khungwa la euonymus muli mankhwala a gutta-percha, ofanana ndi katundu wa mphira. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zambiri za mankhwalawa (mpaka 16%) zimapangidwa m'mphepete mwa mizu ndi nthambi.
Mitundu yotchuka
Kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi okonza masewera pamene akusankha European Euonymus kupambana mitundu iyi ndi:
- Nana - zosiyana siyana, zimatanthauza mawonekedwe okwawa, kutalika kosapitirira mamita 0.5. Mitengo ili ndi ziŵerengero zambiri zokwawa zomwe zimakula msanga ndikukula. Pamagulu awiriwa muli masamba ochepa kwambiri a lanceolate okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Amamera mu July ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a nondescript pa mphukira za chaka chino, ndipo kumapeto kwa September mukhoza kuona pinki yokongola ndi zipatso zachikasu.
- Kuphulika kofiira - wamtali shrub. Yolunjika ndi yopapatiza pa unyamata, ndi msinkhu chitsamba chimakula ndipo korona wake ukhoza kufika mamita atatu m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa mamita 4. Pofika m'dzinja masambawo amapeza mitundu yachilendo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu chowala mpaka chofiira. Mu May, maluwa otsekemera amawomba, ndipo kuyambira kuyambira autumn mpaka masika, European Caspian zosiyanasiyana Red Cascade amatha kuona zipatso zokopa, zojambula mu pinki ndi mdima wofiira.
Mtundu uwu wa euonymus uli ndi mitundu yoposa makumi awiri yokongola. Nawa ena mwa iwo:- Alba - wapakatikati kakulidwe tchire ndi zipatso zoyera.
- Aucubaefolia - masamba ndi ma chikasu.
- Pendula - nthambi zimalira.
- Atropurpurea - masamba ndi mthunzi wa lilac.
- Argenteo-variegata - masamba oyera.
- Intermedia - Zipatso zazikulu zofiira kumbuyo kwa masamba obiriwira.
Gwiritsani ntchito nyimbo za m'munda
European euonymus - chomera chotchuka chosatha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zojambulajambula pokhapokha kupanga mapangidwe aumwini, komanso m'midzi. Pali mfundo zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pakupanga mapepala:
- Amapanga mpanda pogwiritsa ntchito zomera zomwe zimakula, mwachitsanzo Red Redcade zosiyanasiyana (Euonymus amatha kutalika mamita 4).
- Amakulira m'magulu amodzi, ndipo amapanga zozizwitsa kwambiri m'dzinja, pamene maluwa a ku Ulaya ndi okongola kwambiri.
- Mitundu yokwawa ndi yokwawa kukongoletsa minda yamaluwa ndi kubzala m'madera osayenera kugwiritsa ntchito, kupanga mtundu wa oasis, wokhala ndi mazupi a masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chisankho chabwino ndi Nana.
- Mitundu yosinthidwa anabzala m'mabedi a maluwa kupanga zolemba zoyambirira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira za m'munda.
- Masamba a variegated a euonymus amathandiza ngati malo abwino odyera gulu ndi otsika kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ndi mitundu yochepa ya mitengo ya spruce, mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi mitengo ya juniper.
- Mitundu yamtundu anabzala m'miphika ya maluwa ndikugawira malo onsewa, komanso azikongoletsa makonde ndi masitepe.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito kubzala pamtunda - Euonymus ali ndi mizu yambiri yomwe imalimbikitsa kwambiri nthaka.
- Lembani makoma a nyumba.
- Kukhoza kwa zomera kumayankha bwino kumeta tsitsi kumapereka mphamvu yokonza bonsai.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Ngati mwasankha kudzala euonymus pa chiwembu chanu, ndiye kuti mbeuyo iyenera kugulidwa kumalo osungirako ana aamuna kapena kumunda wamaluwa ndi malo otseka kapena otseguka. Kusankha kwa zosiyanasiyana kumadalira kumene izo zidzakula ndi kuchokera ku zolemba zomwe inu mukufuna kuti muzipange:
- Ngati chodzala chidzachitika pamalo otseguka kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kupatsa mitundu yayitali.
- Pansi pa mitengo kapena kukonza malire, mitundu yochepetsedwa ndi yofikira pansi ndi yabwino.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera malo
Pofuna kudziwa malo omwe mbeuyo idzabzalidwe, m'pofunikira kuyembekezera ntchito yomwe zomera zidzapitilira. Taonani mfundo zingapo:
- Popeza European euonymus ndizozomera zitsamba, zokonda ndi bwino kupereka malo a dzuwa, ndiye pakugwa mtundu wa masamba udzakhala wamphamvu kwambiri.
- Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho sichifuna madzi osasintha.
- Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, yotsekemera bwino, ndi momwe chilengedwe chimayendera - zamchere. Ngati dzikolo likutha, muyenera kuwonjezera makilogalamu 350 a laimu ku khungu limodzi.
- Nthaka yokonzedweratu iyenera kukhala ndi nthaka ya dothi, peat, mchenga wa mtsinje (1: 2: 1). Timapanga dothi losauka ndi feteleza ndi organic ndi mineral fertilizer: manyowa ovunda pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 10 pa mita imodzi ndi 80 magalamu a phosphate ndi potash aliyense.
Euphorbia, aster, verbascum, veronica, gaillardia, carnation, gelenium, hibiscus, gravilat ndi delphinium, komanso uhomonia wa ku Ulaya, zomera zomwe zimakonda dzuwa zomwe zimapanga kuwala kwa dzuwa zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino.
Khwerero ndi Gawo Malangizo Akufika
Tikadziŵa kumene zomera zidzabzalidwa, pitirizani kutero, kuphatikizapo Mauthenga angapo ofunikira:
- Kudyetsa mbande pa nthaka yokonzedwa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena pakati pa autumn.
- Masabata awiri tisanadzalemo timakumba dzenje. Kukula kwa dzenje lakudzala kumadalira sapling ya European Euonymus. Mphamvu yake ikhale nthawi imodzi ndi theka lalikulu kuposa kukula kwa mizu pamodzi ndi clod ya dziko lapansi.
- Pamunsi mwa dzenje muikepo njerwa yosweka, kugona ndi mchenga wosanjikiza ndikupanga gawo la nthaka yomaliza.
- Timatsitsa mmera mu dzenje. Ngati mizu inali yopanda dothi, pang'onopang'ono muwapereke pamtunda.
- Fukani ndi nthaka yokonzedweratu ndi kusakaniza bwino kuti muchotse mpweya.
- Thirani chomera bwino ndikukhalira pansi mozungulira ndi utuchi kapena peat.
- Mu sabata timayang'ana chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti khosi lolimba la mbewulo liri pamtunda.
Momwe mungasamalire
European euonymus osati kufunafuna kusamalira. Chinthu chachikulu kwa iye ndi kudulira bwino, kuthirira bwino ndi feteleza zopangidwa nthawi, ndiye chomera chidzakondwera ndi makhalidwe ake okongoletsera.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula
Euonymus salola mvula yamadzi, koma pakugwa kuti aone mitundu yonse ya masamba ake, mitunduyo iyenera kusungunuka. Makamaka achinyamata amafunikira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, omwe amapanga ndi kulimbikitsa mizu, kuwapatsa kukula. Umwa wothirira uyenera kuchitidwa mochuluka, kotero kuti dziko lapansi lilowetsedwa kwa theka la mita. Kwa zomera zazikulu, mlingo wa ulimi wothirira ndi 40 malita pa lalikulu lalikulu.
Pamene nthaka yayingidwa, m'pofunika kumasula pamwamba, kuti mpweya upite kudyetsa mizu. Pogwiritsa ntchito dothi la muling ndi peat kapena utuchi mumtengowo, mukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, ngati mulch amatenga chinyezi nthawi yaitali, ndipo palibe chifukwa chotsitsimutsa nthaka ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Ngati m'dzinja mudakhala youma, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi ochuluka kwambiri kuti maluwa asamaundane m'nyengo yozizira. 
Mukudziwa? Ku Ukraine, pa gawo la malo a Askania-Nova amalima eosklet-yaitali-chiwindi Ali ndi zaka 62. Kutalika kwake kwa mtengo ukufika mamita anayi, ndipo korona wolemera - 6 mamita.
Kudyetsa
Miphika kudyetsa fetereza katatu pa nyengo:
- Nthawi yoyamba - m'nyengo yamasika, pamene maluwa amaikidwa, zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ndowe yamchere imadzipangidwira ndi madzi (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:20).
- Nthawi yachiwiri - Pamene chomeracho chikuyandama, kudyetsedwa ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza.
- Nthawi yachitatu - m'chilimwe asanayambe kuthirira, pamene chiwonongekocho chinali chitatha kale ndipo zipatso zinayamba kupanga. Kuti awonjezere kukula kwake, feteleza ena a phosphate-potaziyamu amawonjezedwa ku mitengo ya mtengo.
Kucheka ndi kumeta tsitsi
European euonymus amayankha bwino kudulira. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, kusanayambe kutayika, kuyamba kuchitidwa kwaukhondo kumachitika pachaka. Njirayi imachititsa kuti mphukira zisawonongeke. Zotsatirazi zimachotsedwa chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma komanso zosweka.
Mothandizidwa ndi kudulira, mukhoza kupanga shrub kapena shambovoe yabwino, perekani chomeracho kapena chowoneka bwino. Popeza zipatso za zomera zimakongoletsa ntchito, chitani njirayi pambuyo pa fruiting. Pakati pa nyengo yonse, kuti tipeze mawonekedwe apangidwe, kudula pang'ono ndi kudula ndi kukanikiza kwa nthambi kumachitika. 
Ndikofunikira! Msuzi wa Euonymus ndi wowopsya kwambiri, choncho mitengo yokolola iyenera kuchitidwa, kuvala magolovu a mphira.
Kodi kupirira nyengo yozizira
European euonymus - chomera chopanda chisanu Choncho, imaima chisanu mpaka -25 ° C popanda malo osungira chisanu. Akatswiri amavomereza kuti kumapeto kwa nyundo kumayika pamtunda kuzungulira thunthu ndikuchiphimba kuchokera pamwamba ndi masamba kapena udzu, kuti asawononge mizu. Zomera zazing'ono (mpaka zaka zitatu) zimafuna malo ogona. Mbewuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa pang'ono ndi chingwe ndikuphimbidwa ndi chophimba chilichonse, mwachitsanzo, agrofibre kapena sacking.
Kuwonjezera pa mtengo wachitsulo, zomera zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi izi: lilac, spirea, yoyera yoyera, barberry, phiri phulusa (wofiira), viburnum ndi chitumbuwa chamtchire.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi matenda otheka ndi tizirombo
Pofuna kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda oopsa, nkofunika kuti tipeze njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera ndi mafakitale.
Euonymus tizirombo ndi:
- Akangaude - kuwononga masamba, omwe amauma. Kukhalapo kwa tizilombozi kumayesedwa ndi maonekedwe a mabubu pa nthambi. Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito njira yothetsera sopo kapena fodya.
- Aphid - amadya madzi a masamba. Kuwonongeka nthambi ndi sprayed ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure kapena mafakitale mankhwala.
- Euonymus moth - ziphuphu zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku mazira, zimadya masamba. Iwo amakololedwa ndi manja ndipo kumapeto amathiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, Inta-Vir.
- Necrosis ya cortex. Chifukwa cha zoweta za m'mapangidwe, makungwa amamera ndi ming'alu, zomwe zimayambitsa masamba. Kulimbana amatha kasupe processing zomera Bordeaux madzi.
- Mame a Mealy. Mphukira imapanga masamba, ndipo kenako, amasanduka chikasu n'kugwa. Fulutsani mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala osungunula katatu ndi masiku asanu ndi atatu.
- Tsinde lovunda. Kuchiza chomera sikungatheke. Poletsa matendawa, zitsamba ziwiri pachaka (mu kasupe ndi yophukira) zimachitidwa ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala a Bordeaux osakaniza.
Pambuyo podzidziŵitsa ndi chomera chodzichepetsa ichi, ndi zofunikira kuti abzalidwe ndi kulima, amaluwa ambiri amafuna kudzala chiwonongeko pa malo awo, ndikupanga zolemba zoyambirira ndizo. Zidzakhala zokondwa m'dzinja ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, pamtunda wa chisanu, zipatso za mtundu wofiira womwe umapachikidwa pa nthambi.
