Pushkinia limamasula m'mundamo imodzi yoyamba. Mawonekedwe ake oyera oyera a buluu amasangalatsa kukongola kwake. Puskinia ndi wa banja la a Liliaceae. Mutha kukumana naye pamiyala yovuta kwambiri ya Caucasus ndi Asia Minor. Mtengowo umadziwika ndi dzina loti katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo ku Russia, dzina lake Count Musin-Pushkin. Anali iye yemwe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 adapeza maluwa odabwitsa pamiyala ya Ararati. Ubwino wa Pushkinia ndi maluwa ochulukirapo komanso obiriwira, chifukwa chake, pakati pa primroses ina imakhala patsogolo. Chomera chosasinthika ichi chingabzalidwe m'malo osavutirapo, ndipo chidzazika mizu.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Pushkinia ndi herbaceous osatha wobzala wokhala ndi mizu yolimba. Mababu a Oblong amaphimbidwa ndi mamba a bulawuni ndipo amatalika 2-2,5 cm. Kutalika kwa maluwa ofanana ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Kasanu atasungunuka pamwamba pa nthaka, rosette ya masamba mizu imamera. Masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda ali ndi mawonekedwe wandiweyani. Zonse, masamba 2-3 amakula kuchokera ku babu imodzi.
Pakatha masiku 10-12, matumba owoneka bwino. Pamenepo, maluwa ooneka ngati belu adatulutsa maluwa. Kutalika kwa burashi ndi masentimita 12. Maluwa amapezeka mu Marichi-Epulo ndipo amatenga masiku 10 mpaka 3 milungu. Pa inflorescence imodzi imatha kukhala 30 drooping masamba. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala isanu ndi umodzi yozungulira, yophatikizidwa pansi kuti ikhale chubu lalifupi. Pa miyala yoyera kapena yoyera ya buluu pali mzere wamtambo wa buluu. Pakati pa duwa pali mzati wotalikilapo wokhala ndi ovary ndi stamens. Nthawi yamaluwa, Pushkin amatulutsa fungo labwino. Imakopa njuchi ndi tizilombo tina touluka.
Kucha zipatso kwamabokosi ambewu okhala ndi makhoma obiriwira okhala ndi nthangala zofiirira. Masabata angapo atayamba maluwa ndi kuphuka, kukula konse kwa Pushkinia kumayamba kufota. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mbewuyo imazimiririka ndikumakhala wopanda matalala mpaka nthawi yamasika.
Mitundu ya Pushkinia
Mtundu wa Pushkinia umaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri yokha. Onsewa amalimidwa bwino ku Russia.
Pushkinia hyacinth kufalikira ku Caucasus ndi kumpoto kwa Iran. Chomera chaching'ono chimafikira kutalika kwa 15 cm.Mizere yotalika mpaka masentimita awiri imatsegulidwa choyamba. Zimayambira mwamphamvu pambuyo pake zimawonekera ndi wandiweyani inflorescence. Kuchokera pa bulb iliyonse, ma pedunansi a 2-4 amakula nyengo iliyonse. Mu inflorescence ndi mabelu 12-15 a buluu wotsika. Dongosolo la corolla ndi masentimita 1.5. Pali mzere wowoneka bwino wamtambo pamiyala yamtambo wabuluu. Maluwa amatenga masiku 11-20.
Pushkinia nkhalango-ngati opezeka ku Iran, Turkey ndi Lebanon. Masamba otambalala amakula masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Masamba ofiira opaka utoto wakuda bii. Pa peduncle 20cm kutalika kuli mabelu oyera kapena amtambo abuluu. Danga lake ndi masentimita 1.5-2. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino kwambiri komanso losangalatsa. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu racemose inflorescence kutalika kwa 12 cm.Maluwa amayamba m'masiku oyamba a Meyi ndipo amatenga mpaka masiku 25.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Pushkinia Lebanoni ndiyotchuka. Amasiyana m'maluwa akuluakulu oyera ngati chipale chofewa ndipo amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwachikhazikitso.
Kuswana
Pushkinia imafalikira pofesa mbewu ndikugawa chitsamba. Kubzala mbewu ndi ntchito yambiri. Mbande zimamera pachaka chachinayi mutabzala. Mbewu zimapangidwa pokhapokha mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Mphukira zimawonekera koyambirira kwamasika. Poyamba, amakhala osadziwika komanso ofooka. Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yomweyo malo obzala mbewu za Pushkinia, kuti mwangozi musokoneze mbande ndi namsongole.
Chaka chilichonse, ana amapangidwa pa babu la amayi. Zaka 4-5 zilizonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuwabzala mosiyana kuti mbewu zimve zambiri. Ntchito yonse yobzala ikuchitika mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, pamene Pushkinia ikapita matalala. M'pofunika kukumba mosamala nsalu yotchinga, kumasula mababu ku zoumba zouma ndi kuziwumitsa. Anyezi osankhidwa amasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobola m'malo ozizira, podutsa mpweya ndipo kenako obzalidwa pansi.
Kusankha kwampando ndi kunyamula
Pushkinia amabzala m'malo otseguka kapena pamtunda wochepa. Mutha kuwabzala pansi pa mitengo yabwino, chifukwa nthawi yakula ndi maluwa, korona wawo saphimba dzuwa. Ndikofunika kuti musayike mababu pafupi ndi matupi amadzi kapena m'malo omwe madzi apansi amayandikira pamwamba.
Pushkinia amakula bwino pamadothi otayirira komanso achonde. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kompositi yambiri ndi mchenga ku dothi lolemera. Mababu obzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 5-7, mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala 10-15 cm. Asanabzalidwe, dothi liyenera kupukutidwa ndikunyentchera kuti pasakhale ma dothi akuluakulu padziko lapansi.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kusamalira Pushkin ndikosavuta, chifukwa cha kanthawi kochepa kamoyo. Zomera sizimafunikira kuthirira, chifukwa zimapeza chinyezi chokwanira nthawi chisanu ikasungunuka. Ngati dothi louma komanso losweka, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu ndi gawo laling'ono lamadzi.
Maluwa onyezimira pang'ono sangathe kuthana ndi udzu okha. Nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi mkwiyo wawo. Kuti nkhokwe za Pushkini zikhale zolimba, ndipo mizu imalandira mpweya wokwanira, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupipafupi ndikuchotsa namsongole.
Kumayambiriro kasupe, matalala atasungunuka, muyenera kudyetsa Pushkin ndi ma mineral ma nitrogen ndi phosphorous ("nitrophoska"). Ufa wowuma wamwazika padziko lapansi. Pakati pa nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imakonzekera nthawi yachisanu: malo obzala amabzala ndi manyowa owola ndi peat. Amateteza mababu ku chisanu ndikuwononga kwambiri nthaka. Chapakatikati, mulch samachotsedwa, amateteza dothi kuti lisaume.
Popewa kudzimana, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidulira mitengo yotsika. Masamba amasiyidwa kuti aume kwathunthu kulola mababu kuti azitha kupeza michere yofunika nthawi yachisanu.
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika komanso kusefukira kwamphamvu kwa dothi, kuwola kwamphamvu ndi imvi kumakhudzidwa ndikukankha. Zomera zowonongeka zimayenera kuwotchedwa. Simungagwiritse ntchito kompositi. Tizilombo tofalitsa mbewu tambiri ndi makoswe ndi mbewa. Kuchokera pa majeremusi, kutola kwa mababu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'nthaka kumathandiza.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Pushkinia wosalala wokongoletsa kwambiri ndioyenera kukongoletsa zitsamba zamapiri, zophatikizika ndi miyala yamiyala. Zilumba zokhala ndi ubweya wonenepa komanso wowonda zimakopa chidwi chapadera, chifukwa mulibe maluwa ambiri a masika m'mundamo. Gwiritsani ntchito kapeti yolimba yokhazikika. Pushkinia ndi wabwino kufupi ndi pafupi ndi crocuses, hazel grouse, anemones ndi hyacinths. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mababu limodzi ndi mbewu zamaluwa zamtsogolo. Amateteza amadyera ndi mababu ku dzuwa lotentha. Pankhaniyi, dimba la maluwa lidzakondwera ndi mitundu yowala mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Pushkinia ndiyabwino ngati chikhalidwe champhika. Ngati mudzala mababu muzotenga nthawi yozizira, ndiye kumayambiriro kwa masika adzakhala ataphuka kale. Mphatso yotere kwa ambiri idzakhala yosangalatsa kuposa maluwa wamba.
