Kapangidwe ka malo amtunda kumayambira ndikumanga linga - nyumba yofunikira kusungiramo zida zomangira, nkhuni ndi zida zina zapakhomo. Kupanga khola ndi manja anu ndichinthu chophweka komanso chotheka, chomwe chitha kuchitika ndi aliyense yemwe ali ndi luso lomanga. Popeza khomalo silapangidwe kwakanthawi ndipo ndilopangika ndipo silingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kusunga zinthu zofunika, komanso kusunga nyama zapakhomo, muyenera kuganizira bwino malo omwe nyumbayo ili mtsogolo.
Kusankha malo omanga mtsogolo
Kuti muwongolere ntchitoyi, mutha kupanga mapulani osankhidwa ndi malo amnyumba zamtsogolo. Pomanga khola, eni ambiri amagawa chiwembu kutali ndi malo oyandikira, kuti asabisike. Ena ali ndi lingaliro kuti khesiyo iyenera kuyikiridwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, kuti nthawi iliyonse ikhale nayo. Kuti agwiritse ntchito gawo lanu pokonzekera malo okhetsera, malo osungunuka pang'ono amasankhidwa, omwe amawonedwa ngati osayenera kulima mbewu ndi ntchito zina zaulimi.
Kulingalira komwe kuli khola kuli kosafunika mwachangu. Kupatula apo, khola, lomwe likhala zaka zopitilira 12, liyenera kukwaniritsa, osasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a malowa
Mukamasankha malo oti muyike malo, muyenera kuyang'ana malo omwe malowa ali, komanso magawo a kapangidwe kameneka ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Mothandizidwa ndi kumaliza ntchito, mutha kusintha nyumba yolakwika kukhala nyumba yapangidwe yoyambirira, yomwe imadzakhala chokongoletsera bwino tsambalo
Sankhani za kapangidwe kake ndi kunja
Musanayambe ndikupanga khola, ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe, kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe amtsogolo. Maonekedwe a nyumbayo akhoza kukhala chilichonse, kuyambira ndi nyumba yaying'ono yopanda mawindo komanso khomo limodzi lokha, ndikumaliza ndi mapangidwe osazolowereka omwe, kuphatikiza cholinga chawo chachindunji, atha kukhala ngati gawo la zokongoletsera zopanga mawonekedwe.
Kusankha kosavuta ndikumanga kwa 2x3x3,5 m mamita ndi denga lakutsanulira, lomwe limakutidwa ndi zinthu kapena zofolerera
Khola loterali limatha kumangidwa kuchokera kumabodi wamba osakhala osachedwa patsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Ubwino wake wa mapangidwewo ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wosavuta kumanga. Kuti musinthe mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino nyumbayo, mutha kudzala mitengo yokwera m'mbali mwa khoma, kapena kukongoletsa makoma pogwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera ndi miphika ya maluwa.
Ma denti owoneka bwino amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Makamaka ngati denga silikhala ndi zoletsa zapa banal, koma, mwachitsanzo, ndi matailoma.
Ngati, kuwonjezera pa zida, makoma amatsirizika ndi siding, ndiye kuti malo omwe sanakhetse bwino amatha kusinthidwa kukhala nyumba yamaluwa yamakono
Ndikotheka kupanga malo osakanikirana, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chipinda chosungira zida, komanso wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha
Kusankhidwa kwa zida kumadalira phindu la nyumbayo. Kwenikweni, mapetowo onse ndi omangidwa nkhuni. Koma kuti apange chikhazikitso cholimba komanso chodalirika, chomwe chikhala zaka makumi angapo, mutha kupanga kaphikidwe ka njerwa kapena njerwa. Ma Sheki a njerwa amayenererana bwino kulera nkhuku ndi nyama chaka chonse. Koma kapangidwe kameneka kamafunika kuyikapo pamaziko osakhazikika.
Chitsanzo chatsatane-tsatane pakupanga chimango
Poyamba, timapereka makanema kuti tiwone vidiyoyi, kenako werengani malongosoledwe ake:
Gawo # 1 - kukonzekera pansi
Kumanga kulikonse kumayambira ndikukhazikitsa maziko. Musanapitilize ndi zomangamanga, ndikofunikira kuyika malowo kuti amange nyumbayo mothandizidwa ndi muyeso wa tepi, zikhomo ndi chingwe. Ndikofunikira kuyeza ndi tepi muyeso osati mbali zokha, komanso diagonals a chizindikirocho.
Malo okhesa amatha kukhazikitsidwa pazithunzithunzi, papa, pachipala kapena pamulu. Pamadothi wamba osatulutsa ndi madzi ochepa pansi, maziko ake amayikidwa maziko.
Kuti timange maziko a mzati, ndikofunikira kukonzekera maenje pafupifupi 70cm nthawi zonse 1.5m pamalo omwe adatsegulidwapo, komanso polowera mkati mwa khoma lamkati la nyumbayo, kukhazikitsa njerwa kapena njomba za asbesto
Mizati yoikidwayo iyenera kufufuzidwa malinga ndi mulingo, kenako kugona tchuthi cha 15 masentimita yokhala ndi mchenga ndi miyala yoyeserera ndi concreed. Pambuyo pake, maziko ayime masiku angapo.
Malangizo. Kuti muwonjezere moyo wamathandizowo ndikuwonjezera madzi owongolera m'makola, mutha kuwapanga musanadzaze ndi mastic yapadera. Sizitengera zitini zingapo zokha za madzi osateteza kumiyendo yonse.
Gawo # 2 - kukhazikitsa chimango cha mitengo yamatabwa
Makoma asanakonzedwe amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi komanso antiseptic. Mukapeza woteteza, ndibwino kuti musankhe mtundu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu, mukamagwira ntchito ndi malo omwe sanachitike.
Maziko a mitengo amaikidwa pamaziko okhazikitsidwa, kukula kwake komwe kumafanana ndi kukula kwa chimango chomwe chikupangidwacho. Ma bala akuyenera kuyikidwa pazipilala zokutira padenga
Matabwa 30-40 mm ndikuyala pansi. Mukayika mabedi pansi, chinthu chachikulu ndikuyezerani mosamala ndikuwona madera ozungulira akukuluka. Titaika pansi pa gawo ili la zomangamanga, zidzakhala zosavuta kukhazikitsa makhoma.
Kukonzekera mtsogolomo kusanja pansi ndi mapulani, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "chinsinsi" mukamaphatikiza matabwa ku mitengo. Chiwerengero cha ma racks othandizira chatsimikiziridwa ndikuganizira kuchuluka kwa ngodya, komanso kupezeka kwa khomo ndi zenera. Kukhazikitsa mipiringidzo mosamalitsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo otsetsereka. Kugwiritsa ntchito, mutha kutseka mipiringidzo kwakanthawi momwe mungafunire. Pakakhomera nkhuni, misomali iyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati, kotero kuti ikhale yabwino kuyitulutsa.
Zovala zolimba zimalumikizidwa pansi ndikomata ndi zikhomo pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo
Ndikotheka kukhazikitsa chimango pamtunda wa njerwa, pomwe mizere ingapo yaikidwe m'mbali mwa maziko, kenako ndikukhazikitsidwa pamenepo.
Zotchingira, zomwe zimayikidwa molunjika, zimatha kukonzedwa mbali zitatu zamkati ndi pulani yamagetsi, ndipo kumbali zoyang'ana mkati khola, chamfer chimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Mbali zokha ndizotsala zomwe sizinachiritsidwe, zomwe pambuyo pake zidzadulitsidwa ndi matabwa akunja.
Gawo # 3 - kukhazikitsidwa kwa denga ndi makatani padenga
Mbali yakumtunda ya chimango kuchokera kumipiringidzo yocheperako pakati ndi kumapeto kwake konse imakhazikitsidwa pamlingo ndi zikhomo zokhazikika. Maulalo onse amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zomenya tokha ndi ngodya zachitsulo.
Mukakonza denga lakutsanulira, ziyenera kudziwikiratu pasadakhale kuti mipiringidzo yamatabwa kumbali imodzi ndi yayitali kuposa inayo. Chifukwa cha makonzedwe awa, madzi amvula pamalo otsetsereka sadzadziunjikira, koma kukhetsa.
Kwa madenga padenga, matabwa olimba a 40 mm angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kutalika kwa mipiringidzo kuyenera kukhala kutalika pafupifupi 500 mm kuposa kutalika kwa chimango
Pa rafters, kudula mitengo kumachitika pa resecrum pa mipiringidzo. Kenako zimayikidwa padenga ndipo zimakonzedwa ndi zomata. Ma Rafters amayikidwa patali kuchokera pafupi ndi theka la mita. Pamakonzedwe okonzedwa, opangidwa ndi mankhwala, mutha kukwezetsa crate.
Kuphimba padenga ndi makhoma a khola, matabwa oyeza 25x150 mm ndi abwino. Denga la matabwa lifunika kuthina lamadzi, lomwe litha kutsimikiziridwa mothandizidwa ndi zadenga. Pofuna kuti denga liziwoneka bwino, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito matayala osalala, oterera kapena okongoletsa ngati nyali yomaliza. Mabataniwo amadzazidwa kutsogolo kwa kapangidwe kake, kenako kumbali ndi kumbuyo. Amayikidwa pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake.
Mukayika makoma a malo okhala ndi mabatani, mutha kuwonetsa kunja kwawo ndi pulani yamagetsi. Izi sizofunikira kwenikweni kuti pakhale mawonekedwe okongola, koma m'malo mwake kuti madzi amvula azitha kutsikira pansi
Kupatsa nyumbayi yomalizira mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mutha kujambula kunja kwa makhoma ndi madzi ozungulira kapena utoto wamafuta. Kuti mumve zambiri za madongosolo a padenga lanu, onani apa - njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi imodzi ndi njira ya gable.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonetsa momwe amamangira ku Germany powunikira kuchokera kwa anzathu aku Germany:
