Ndi ochepa chabe amene amvapo za mbewu yamatsenga ngati fern. Zotsalira za zomera zimenezi zimapezekanso ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, akudziyesa zaka za miyezi yambirimbiri. Zowonjezereka ndi chomera ichi ndi nthano zambiri, chimodzi mwa izo ndi zachinsinsi chake. Fern nthawi zonse wakhala chomera chochititsa chidwi komanso chofunika kwambiri pakhomo. Padziko lonse, pali mitundu yoposa 200 ndi mitundu 10,000, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ena mwa iwo anayamba kukula pakhomo.
Masiku ano n'zovuta kupeza ofesi imene fern ikusamera. Chomera ichi chimakondedwa ndi aliyense kuti alimi oyamba maluwa omwe amayamba ndi odziwa maluwa okondwera amakula fern pawindo lawo. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi mkati ndipo zimakhala zowonjezera kutentha kwanu. Ambiri mwa omwe amaimira fern ndi osasamala kwambiri, koma amafunikira chidwi.
Chipinda cha fern chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri komanso mayina. Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya fern ya mkati yomwe ilipo komanso yomwe ikukula bwino panyumba, tidzakambirana momveka bwino m'nkhani yathu.
Nephrolepis
Nephrolepis sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, choncho ngakhale mphunzitsi akhoza kuthana ndi kulima kwake. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri zomwe zimakula mumtunda wochepa kuchokera ku rhizome yaing'ono. Masamba ake ndi ophimbidwa, ndi zokopa zazing'ono zomwe zimafanana ndi nthenga. Mbalameyi imakula ngati nthenga zambiri zobiriwira. Chipinda cha fern nephrolepis sichimakula kuposa theka la mita. 
Mosiyana ndi ena a ferns, nephrolepis sichimayambitsa mavuto. Amadziwika ndi kukula kofulumira, ndipo ngati kusungidwa bwino, kudzakuwonongani ndi nthambi zambiri zatsopano. Kuti upeze ubwino wabwino, nkofunika kusunga feriyi pamatentha a 21 ° C m'chilimwe komanso 17-18 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. Muzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri kuthirira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa chifukwa nyumba ya Nefrolepis ya panyumba salola kuti nyengo yowuma. Manyowa ovuta amalangizidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito masabata atatu onse.
Mukudziwa? Nephrolepis sichidzasangalala ndi maonekedwe ake okha, komanso ndi zinthu zake. Amatha kuyeretsa mpweya wa formaldehyde ndi zinthu zina zovulaza thanzi.
Davallia
Mtundu uwu wa fern ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri osati masamba ake, monga ndi mizu yodabwitsa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mphukira ya davallia sikulu kwambiri, pamtunda wa masentimita 20. Nthambi sizinenepa, koma zimakhala zobiriwira. Koma fern iyi imadziwika chifukwa cha mizu yake yodabwitsa. Amakonda kukula ndikupita mopitirira malire a mphika, ngati kuti akuphimba. Ma rhizomes okha ali ophwanya kwambiri, ambuzi, amakula kwambiri. Kujambula mizu yodabwitsa - kuchokera ku tani zofiira zofiira ku mithunzi ya siliva. Fern ya nyumbayi ikukula mofulumira. Kawirikawiri amatchedwa "gologolo" kapena "hare". Amakhalanso wodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zamndende ndipo mosamalitsa amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri. 
Ndibwino kuti ukhale wowala koma usanawoneke mu mphika ndi dongosolo labwino la madzi. Madzi otentha amafunika kuyanika ngati dothi la pamwamba. Koma samapewa madzi pa mizu. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwabwino kwa kusunga 22 - 25 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira - 19 - 20 ° С. Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza, gwiritsani ntchito mchere wosakanikirana wa zomera za fern kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira pa pompu, lolani kuti akhalitse masiku angapo.
Asplenium
Mtundu uwu wa fern ndi wosatha, ndipo umadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Ma rhizomes ake ndi ang'onoting'ono, koma okwawa. Mbali ya pamwambayi imakula ndi masentimita 40 mpaka 50. Masamba ali ndi dongosolo losazolowereka, nthawi zina limakhazikika, losalala, linalake. Mbeu imakula ngati chitsamba chambiri chobiriwira. Kukula asplenium kumakhala kosavuta, kosasunga komanso kosasamala zachilengedwe. Kuti mumve bwino kukula m'nyengo ya chilimwe, sungani kutentha kuzungulira 20 ° С ndipo m'nyengo yozizira sizitali kuposa 16 ° С. Ndi bwino kusunga aslenium mu mthunzi wa pang'onopang'ono, tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyeziyeziritsa ndi sprayer. Manyowa kamodzi kamodzi pamwezi, chifukwa fern iyi ndi yophweka kwambiri. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi ferns onse amafunika chinyezi, musazitse mizu ndi madzi. Izi zingachititse imfa ya mbewu.
Platicerium
Izi maluwa a fern yamkati samakhala ngati anzake. Chimera chosabalalitsa kuthengo chimakula pa nthambi kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndipo imatha kufika kukula kwakukulu. Kulima kumunda kumakhala kosavuta, kupatula kuti osonkhanitsa zomera zosowa. Platicerium imakula pa khungwa, nthawizina pogwiritsa ntchito madengu. Chomeracho chimakhala chokwanira komanso chotalika, mpaka mita imodzi, masamba akukula kuchokera ku khungwa. Masamba ndi mawonekedwe okongola a zobiriwira akumbukira nyanga zakuda. Masamba a fern ndi awa: Mtundu wina wa masamba umatulutsa zomera, kusonkhanitsa masamba, chinyezi ndi tizilombo, zomwe zimawonongeka m'zikwama zodabwitsa, zomwe zimadyetsa zomera. Mitundu yachiwiri ya masamba imakula kwambiri kukongola. Iwo ndi ochuluka kwambiri, amakula yaitali kuposa mita. 
Malo otetezeka a platicerium adzakhala kumbali yakumpoto chakum'mawa, ndi kuwala kowala koma kovuta. Popeza feri imakula pa makungwa, mmalo momwetsa madzi, mumatha kumiza m'madzi. Kutentha kwa malo abwino a chomera ayenera kusinthasintha m'chilimwe kuyambira 17 mpaka 25 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira sizingafike kuposa 15 ° С. Pakadutsa kutentha mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, ikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi theka la feteleza lovuta kwambiri kwa ferns.
Mukudziwa? Kafukufuku waposachedwapa a asayansi a ku Japan asonyeza kuti fern imatha kusokoneza ma radiation kuchokera m'thupi.
Mzere wambiri
Mtundu uwu wa fern ndi chimodzi mwa zomera zokongola kwambiri. Ili ndi rhizome yaing'ono koma yolimba. Masambawo amakhala ophwanyika pang'ono, obiriwira, obiriwira komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mphukira zimafanana ndi nthenga zabwino zomwe zimalimbikitsa bwino mpaka mapeto. Mzere wambiri umakula mpaka masentimita 70 mu msinkhu ndipo umapanga shrub wambiri wambiri. Chomeracho chimakonda kwambiri chinyezi ndipo chimakula m'tchire, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Nthawi zambiri mnogoryadorny anabzala greenhouses ndi alpine slides. Kwazomwe zili m'nyumba, ndizoyenera. 
Chofunika kwambiri pa kukula kwa fern ndikuteteza chinyezi nthawi zonse mumphika. Mofanana ndi mitundu ina, imafuna dzuwa losawoneka. Mafunde otentha a chilimwe kuyambira 16 mpaka 24 ° C. Mbali ina ya mzere wambiri ndi yowonjezera kukana kwa chisanu. Pakati pa kukula kwachangu kumafuna madzi okwanira ambiri, koma pakubwera kwa nyengo yozizira, mungathe moisten ngati dothi lakuuma. Fern akhoza kudyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku ndi fetereza feteleza feteleza.
Pelley
Pelley, kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso, phokoso lopopera fern kuthengo, lingapezeke ku America konse. Monga chomera, nyumba yamakono imakhala yosawerengeka, chifukwa imaganiziridwa molakwika ngati chomera chopanda pake. Kufalitsa nthambi kumafika kutalika kwa theka la mita. Koma kutalika kwake sikukula pamwamba pa masentimita 25. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, akulowerera pakatikati pa tsinde laubweya. Mosiyana ndi mphekesera zonse, n'zosavuta kukula pellets. 
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya fern, imatha kukhala pamalo owuma. Pelleya amalekerera mokwanira nyengo yowuma, koma akusowa kupopera mobwerezabwereza ndi madzi osakhala ozizira, omwe amavomera bwino. M'nyengo yotentha ndi kasupe, masamba atsopano amakula, ndipo zakale zimatha. Pamene kukonzanso kunyumba kunkayenera kumbali ya kummawa kwa chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala. M'chilimwe, sungani kutentha kwa 22 - 25 ° C, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira pa 13 - 15 ° C. Mukamwetsa, dothi liwume pang'ono ndikupewa kumwa madzi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kuchepetsa kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata. Dyetsani chomera kamodzi pa mwezi ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa feteleza.
Mukudziwa? Zomwe ife tonse timazitcha masamba a fern ndi kwenikweni nthambi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pteris
Pteris amaonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi wa anthu osadzichepetsa komanso okonda mtendere. Amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kuthengo ndi kunyumba. Zikuwoneka ngati shrub yaung'ono yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Zithunzizi ndi zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera. Zikuwoneka ngati chipinda chosungiramo chipinda ndipo sichidzafunikanso kwambiri. Mu chikhalidwe cha m'munda, mtundu uwu wa fern umaonedwa kuti ndi wochezeka kwambiri kwa zomera zina ndipo umakondwera kumangiriza munda uliwonse wobiriwira. Nyumba zimakula mitundu yambiri ya fern. 
Pteris popanda zotsatira zilizonse zikhoza kulekerera kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi dzuwa. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino wa fern m'chilimwe, sungani kutentha kwa 20 - 22 ° C, ndi m'nyengo yozizira pa 10 - 13 ° C. Kuthirira nyengo yotentha kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, kuzizira kumachepetsa kuwirikiza kawiri pamlungu. Pofuna kudyetsa, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zovuta kwambiri kamodzi kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Ndiponso chitetezeni pteris kuchokera pazithunzi, chifukwa ngati icho chikuphulika, icho chingakhoze kukhetsa masamba ake.
Ndikofunikira! Matenda a chithokomiro ndi owopsa.
Tsirtomium
Cytromium ndichitsamba chosatha. Nthambi zimakhala zochepa, nthawi zina zimafika masentimita 70 m'litali. Masamba ndi owonda, akuthwa, amodzimphindikira kumapeto. Chomeracho ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira, ndipo chobvala chaching'ono pamasamba chikuwawala bwino kwambiri dzuwa. Cortomium imakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pokhala wamkulu pamakhala mapepala angapo atsopano pa chaka. Ntchentche imakhala yozizira kwambiri ndipo imatha kulekerera nyengo yowuma m'nyumba. 
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi fern kumtunda wa kumpoto penumbra. Kuthirira mbewu m'chilimwe kuyenera kukhala kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo nyengo yozizira kamodzi kapena ngati wosanjikiza amatha kufooka. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chilimwe ndi 23 - 25 ° С, ndipo mu nyengo yozizira 15 - 18 ° С. Pa kutentha kwapamwamba, fern imafuna chinyezi. Amatha kuberekanso kamodzi pakatha miyezi itatu ndi feteleza wothira mchere kapena mankhwala.
Polypodium (Centipede)
Centipede ndi chomera chodzipangidwira chafern, chosapezeka kawirikawiri m'magulu a kunyumba. Kukula kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa zomwe tatchulazi. Mtundu uwu wa ferns uli ndi masamba osweka. Masamba obiriwira a mitundu yosiyana ndi makulidwe amachoka ku mizu yowuma mu mizere, mwaulemu omwe adalandira dzina limeneli. Kukula kwanu kwa nyumba yotere kumasankha malo amdima ndi penumbra yabwino. Amafunika kusunga chinyezi, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa mwakuya: chifukwa nyengo yofunda, 18-20 ° C, ozizira nyengo 10-14 ° C. Polypodium ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pakukula, idyetseni ndi feteleza madzi kuti mukongoletsedwe maluwa kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Ikani polypodium momwe mungathere kuchokera ku heaters. 
Tinakuuzani za maluwa otchuka kwambiri a kunyumba. Ambiri a iwo sali okhutira momwe angaoneke. Ayenera kusonyeza chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo ndani amadziwa, mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi mwayi wokwanira kuti muwone maluwa otchukawa.
