Chimodzi mwa maonekedwe a zinziri zachikazi ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kuswana, iwo anasiya kwathunthu chidziwitso cha kuswa mazira.
Monga njira, mukhoza kuika mazira a nkhunda pansi pa nkhunda, nkhuku, nkhuku.
Kapenanso, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina opangira nkhuku.
Mosasamala kanthu ka mtundu wa makina osungira omwe mumasankha, mbali zazikulu za makulitsidwewo zokha zimakhalabe zosasunthika ndi zosasintha pansi pazochitika zonse.
Ndondomeko yowonjezera mazira a zinziri sizili zovuta, zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira ngakhale oyamba, ngati mukutsatira malamulo oyambirira.
Zolinga zosankha makoswe mazira opangira makulitsidwe
Nthawi zambiri zida zazing'onoting'ono panthawi yopanga mavitamini ndi 70%.
Zambiri zimakhudza zotsatira za makulitsidwe, zazikulu ndizo: mazira (kulemera, mawonekedwe, zaka za amai ndi abambo), mpweya wabwino, kuthamanga, kutentha, chinyezi mu chotsitsa, kukula kwa mazira.
Ubwino wa mazira ophimbirako mavitamini makamaka amadalira zakudya zomwe zimayambira, kudyetsa amuna ndi akazi, msinkhu wa makolo, chiŵerengero cha abambo.
Kuti mupeze mazira othawa, ndizomveka kuti mukhale ndi zotchedwa zikopa zoweta (kapena ng'ombe).
Amuna amitundu ayenera kusankhidwa kuchokera ku ziweto zina, monga mbalamezi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mating. Kukonzekera kwa kukakamiza "kugwirizana kwambiri" kunachepetsedwa kufika 50 peresenti, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha kufa kwa nyama zinyama kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Amuna omwe amamera umuna amasankhidwa ali ndi miyezi 2 mpaka 8. M'tsogolomu, dzira lawo limasungidwa, koma kuchuluka kwa mazira odyetsedwa kumachepa, motero mazira a akazi oposa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati chakudya.
Kukula kwamtundu kwa amuna kumatenga miyezi itatu (kuyambira pa miyezi iwiri), pambuyo pake ndizofunikira kusintha kwa achinyamata.
Zowonjezera ziweto zimapangidwa ndi mfundo ya atatu ndi anayi akazi pa mwamuna. Ziwerengerozi ndizopambana kwambiri, chifukwa ngati chiwerengero cha akazi pa mwamuna mmodzi ndi chachiwiri, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha mazira amatha kuchepa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, chiwerengero cha zizindikiro zowonjezera.
Kuphatikizana kwaulere kumakhalanso ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri.
The optimum kulemera kwa zinziri mazira kwa makulitsidwe
Kubzala zinziri (mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Farao) ayenera kusankha mazira olemera 12-16 magalamu, ndi kubereketsa anyezi (9-11 magalamu).
Mazira ndi aakulu, komanso ang'onoang'ono amapereka zotsatira zoipitsitsa panthawi yopuma komanso pamene akukula. Mazira akulu akhoza kukhala ndi mazira awiri, ndipo kuchokera ku mazira ang'onoang'ono, monga malamulo, zinziri zimachotsa zochepa.
Maonekedwe abwino a zinziri mazira opangira makulitsidwe
Musatenge mazira aang'ono kapena aakulu kwambiri. Mazira ayenera kusankhidwa molondola, mazira owoneka ngati mazira, osakanikirana kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwa chiwerengero chochuluka cha makoswe akukula pa chipolopolo sikuloledwa. Chipolopolocho chiyenera kukhala ndi zochepa zamitundu, osati mdima wambiri. kusudzulana kwaukwati mazira sayenera kukhala wonyansaPamene ayamba kuonongeka, mazira oyandikana ndi mazira oyandikana nawo amachepa ndi achinyamata.
Ngati panthawi yoikidwa mu chofungatira mulibe chiwerengero choyenera cha mazira oyera, ndiye kuti zonyansa zingathe kutsukidwa ndi njira ya potassium permanganate yokwanira 3% ndipo zimaloledwa kuti ziume.
Mukhoza kuyesa ubwino wa zinziri mazira a chowombera mothandizidwa ndi ovoscope. Ichi ndi mtundu wa X-ray, umene umapereka chidziwitso chokwanira kwa zinziri. Ndicho, mungathe kuyendetsa mazira osayenera kuwombera. Gulu ili ndi:
- mazira okhala ndi zikopa ziwiri;
- Kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawanga pa mapuloteni ndi yolk;
- ming'alu yaing'ono;
- ngati yolk ikakamira ku chipolopolo kapena inagwa pamapeto;
- ngati zipinda zam'lengalenga zikuwonekera pamapeto kapena pambali pa dzira.
Aliyense wa ife akhoza kupanga ovoskop. Kuti muchite izi, tengani kachipinda kakang'ono ndi kukula kwa dzira. Kuti apange pepala loyenera kapena pepala lopanda kanthu kapena tini yopanda kanthu ikhoza. Pamapeto pake kuika babu.
Mazira ayenera kusungidwa pa 18 ° C. Kuti mupange makulitsidwe opambana musapitirire masiku osachepera asanu ndi awiri, ngakhale kuti mazira odyera anthu, angathe kusungidwa kwa miyezi itatu.
Ngati mazira amasungidwa kwa masiku khumi, asanalowe mu chofungatira, chiwerengero cha anthu osadziwika sichidzaposa 50%. Sizowonjezereka kusonkhanitsa chofunika kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa gawo lalikulu la mazira lidzatha kale mu dzira, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu osadziwika bwino chidzatha posachedwa tsiku lililonse.
Koma, pali obereketsa ena omwe angadzitamande ndi kubereka anapiye kuchokera ku zinyalala mazira omwe anagulidwa m'masitolo.
Sitikukayikira kuti zida, komanso momwe achinyamata amagwiritsira ntchito, zimadalira kwambiri ubwino ndi ubwino wa chakudya cha anthu ophimbidwa. Ma mazirawo, mapangidwe opitirira komanso kukula kwa mazira, achinyamata amakhala ndi vuto la chakudya chodyetsedwa kwa ana. Kukula kwa embryonic kumakhala ndi zolephereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa njinga zamagalimoto ku ukapolo, kusowa kwa chakudya chobiriwira ndi mazira a ultraviolet, chifukwa cha kukwatira kofanana.
Zing'onoting'ono za maubwenzi opangira mazira - zozizwitsa za kuswa
Ngati inu mupeza chidziwitso pa intaneti kuti quail hatchability ndi 100%, musakhulupirire zochokera izo.
Ndi zophweka kwambiri kutsutsana ndi mtundu uwu wa chidziwitso, ngakhale mu malo abwino kwambiri omangidwa nthanga zachonde za mazira siziposa 80-85%, ndipo izi ndizosakayikitsa kuti zamoyo zili ndi zinziri.
Zotsatira za makina opangira zinthu sizingatheke kupitirira malire a 70-80%. Zotsatira izi, kuwonjezera pa zifukwa zapamwambazi, zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu izi:
- zomangamanga zochitika za incubator;
- chinyezi;
- kutentha;
- mpweya;
- kupanikizika
Chofungatiracho chingakhale chosiyana ndi mapangidwe ndi mitundu, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ndi othandizira, osungunuka bwino komanso okonzeka kutentha. Ndikofunika kuti ili ndi ntchito yokha mazira, koma palibe chowopsya, ngati kulibe, sikuli kovuta kuchita nokha.
Kukula kwa embryonic kudzakhala bwino, ngati mumatsatira mwatcheru zoyenera.
Kukonzekera kwa Incubator - Zofunika Kwambiri
Chofungatira chomwecho, musanayambe kuyika ndikofunika kukonzekera, izi makamaka zikuchitidwa pofuna kupewa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, yanizani ndi madzi abwino, ofunda, ndikutsitsa mankhwalawa ndi nyali ya quartz kapena vaperededede, kenako muumese bwino.
Zotsatira Ndikoyenera kuyika makina opangira maola 2-3 kuti awotha, ndizofunika kuzikonzekera ndikuonetsetsa kuti zili bwino.
Kodi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinziri mazira mu chofungatira?
Pali njira ziwiri zoyika zinziri mazira mu chofungatira: zowoneka ndi zopingasa.
Chiwerengero cha hatchability, ndi njira ziwiri za bookmarking, chiri pafupifupi ofanana. Panthawiyi, mazira omwe amawongoka amawongolera pang'ono (pofika 30-40 ° C), ndipo mazenerawo amawongolera mbali imodzi.
Tabu yopingasa imakulolani kuti muyike mazira ambiri mu chofungatira, ndi ochepa - osachepera.
Zimakhala zopanda nzeru kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane tabu losakanikirana, ndipo njirayi ndi yokwanira kufalitsa mazira pa ukonde. Koma ndi kugona kwawoneka apo pali maonekedwe ena.
Choyamba, kuti muike chizindikiro muyenera kukonzekera trays, chifukwa dzira silingathe kuikidwa. Ngati mulibe trays mu chofungatira, angapangidwe kuchokera ku pulasitiki wamba wa pulasitiki kwa mazira makumi awiri.
Mu selo iliyonse, pangani dzenje lamakilomita atatu (ndikosavuta kupanga msomali wotentha), kenaka ikani mazira ndi mapeto ake, ngati mutayika mbali ina, idzakhala yoipa kwambiri.
Momwe mungayikiritsire mazira mu chofungatira ndi kwa inu, ngati, ndithudi, mbali iyi sinafotokozedwe m'mawu a makina opangira makina. Zonsezi zimadalira kukhalapo kapena kusakhala ndi njira yotembenukira, komanso kukula ndi mtundu wa makina osakaniza.
Kutentha kosiyanasiyana kwa makotwe a zinziri pa nthawi zosiyana
Nthawi yonse ya makotwe a zinziri akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu: I-nthawi yotentha, II - yaikulu, III - nthawi yotulutsidwa. M'munsimu tidzakambirana ndi aliyense mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Chiwerengero cha masiku: masiku 1-3
Kutentha: 37.5 -38.5 ° C
Chinyezi: 60-70%
Kugwedeza: Palibe chosowa
Kuthamangitsa: Palibe chosowa
Chiwerengero cha masiku: masiku 3-15
Kutentha: 37.7 ° C
Chinyezi: 60-70%
Kugwedeza: 3 mpaka 6 pa tsiku
Kuthamangitsa: Pali
Chiwerengero cha masiku: masiku 15-17
Kutentha: 37.5 ° C
Chinyezi: 80 -90%
Kugwedeza:Palibe chosowa
Kuthamangitsa: Pali
Nthawi yoyamba ya makulitsidwe - kutentha
Kutalika kwa nthawiyi ndi masiku atatu oyambirira. Kutentha pa nthawi ino mu chofungatira sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa chigawo cha 37.5 ° C, chiwongoladzanja chimaloledwa 38.5 ° C.
Poyambirira, chofungatiracho chidzawotha pang'onopang'ono, monga izi zimachitika atagona mazira ozizira. Ndikofunika kuyembekezera kuti mazira ayambe kutenthedwa ndipo patangotha izi kuti muyambe kuyendetsa bwino, sizingakonzedwe kuchita izi kale.
Panthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kwambiri yang'anani kutentha. Ngati maola oyambirira mutakhazikitsa 38.5 ° С pa olamulira, pakapita kanthawi kutentha kumatha kufika 42 ° С, chinthu chachikulu ndichokuti kudumpha koteroko kuyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi alimi a nkhuku pa nthawi ndi kusintha nthawi.
Nthaŵi zotere zimadalira kanyumba kosankhika. Malingana ndi izi, muzigawo zoyamba zinakhazikitsa kutentha kumene kunasinthidwa panthawi ya kuyesa kwa kachipangizo kamene kalibe mazira. Panthawi iyi, palibe chifukwa choyendetsera mazira ndi kutembenuza mazira.
Gawo lachiwiri, kapena lalikulu, lamasamba a zinziri mazira
Chiyambi cha gawo lachiwiri la makulitsidwe akugwa pachitatu - tsiku lachinai, limatha mpaka tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyendayenda, kupopera mbewu, ndi kuwomba mazira akuwonetseratu (ngati palibe zoterezi zomwe zimagwira ntchito muzitsulo, ndiye kuti mumayenera kuchita zonse mwa inu nokha).
Alimi omwe amapezekapo nkhuku amalimbikitsa gawo lachiwiri la makulitsidwe onetsetsani mazira katatu pa kasanu pa tsiku. Inde, ngati chofungatira chimakhala ndi ntchito yotembenuza mazira, zidzakhala zosavuta kuchita, ndipo ngati izi siziri choncho, nthawi zambiri izi zidzakupangitsani kukhala pafupi ndi chofungatira.
Kusalongosoka kumatanthawuza ndondomeko ya kusokoneza sikungatheke, chifukwa nkofunika kuti mwanayo asaphatikize ku chipolopolo ndipo kenako safa.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha sikudutsa chizindikiro cha 37.7 ° С -38 ° С.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuyambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi kufikira lachisanu ndi chiwiri, mazirawo adzatenthedwa mozizira ndikupereka kutentha kwa chofungatira, chifukwa chake kusungunuka kwa kachipangizo kowonjezera kungapitirire kutentha kwa 38 ° C, ndipo kutentha kumathabe kufika 40 ° C. Choncho, kutentha kumayenera kusinthidwa kotero kuti kutseka kwachitsulo kumapezeka pamtunda wa 37.5 ° C, poganizira kukula kwowonjezera kutentha.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyamba, zingayambitse mavuto, kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kumabweretsa zofunikira komanso kumvetsa zinthu zonse.
Ndalama zowonjezereka zimawonjezeka ngati mazira amachotsa nthawi ndi mpweya panthawi yopuma. Kukonzekera kudzakhalanso kozizira (ngati kuchitidwa pamanja).
Pambuyo pa tsiku lachitatu chofungatiracho chiyenera kutsegulidwa kangapo patsiku. kwa nthawi yochepa. Poyamba, kwa mphindi 2-3, mosamala, pamapeto pa nthawi yopuma, kubweretsa mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi 20. Musawope chilengedwe ichi, chifukwa mu chilengedwe zakutchire akazi amakakamizika kuchoka chisa kuti amwe ndi kudya.
Mazira a zinyalala, poyerekezera ndi mazira a mbalame zina, amatha kukhumudwa nthawi yayitali kuti magetsi apange magetsi. Panthawi imene kutentha kwapakitala kumatha kufika 18 ° C kwa nthawi yayitali, zinziri zambiri zimangothamangitsidwa, patangopita nthawi pang'ono kuposa chingwe choyembekezeredwa.
Mukhoza kuzindikira kuti kwinakwake mukuchita zolakwika ngati zinziri sizibweretsedwe pambuyo masiku sevente. Kuti mutsirizitsirenso, musatseke chokwanira kwa masiku ena asanu.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kudyetsa zinziri.
Mzere wolembera - nthawi yachitatu yosakaniza
Kuchokera pa tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi kudza khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kudzayamba nthawi yozembera.
Pa tsiku lakhumi ndi sikisitini, kuyambira pachiyambi cha nthawi yeniyeni, mazira ayenera kusunthira kwa womenya (malingana ndi kapangidwe kake).
Izi trays sayenera kutsegulidwa pamwamba, monga zinziri zingadumphe kudutsa. Panthawiyi, mazira akutembenuka ndi kupopera mazira amaima, ndipo ulamuliro wa kutentha umakhala pa 37.5 ° C.
Zolakwikaadavomerezedwa panthawi ya kutsatira makulitsidwe a boma akuwoneka ndi zozizwitsa za chipolopolo chomwe chikugwedeza:
- Ngati temberero likuchitika pamapeto akutali - izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwa mpweya.
- Nestling sichikhoza kuchotsa chipolopolochokha ngati pali chinyezi chowonjezera.
- Nkhuku sichidzatuluka mu dzira, ngati chinyezi chili pamunsi, chirichonse chimamvekedwa ndi youma ndi kuuma kwa nembanemba.
Ngati zinziri zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti temberero lidzakhala pamtunda wotsutsa. Musayese kuthandiza anapiye kuswa, ngati alibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti agonjetse zipolopolo za dzira okha, ndizosakayikitsa kuti nkhuku yoteroyo idzapulumuka mtsogolo kapena kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Mlingo wa chinyezi: timadziwa zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri za nthawi zozizira
Mu nthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ya makulitsidwe, m'pofunika mudzaze matanki a madzingati zilizonse zimaperekedwa mu chipangizo chophatikizira. Ngati iwo salipo, ndiye kuti muyenera kudzipangira nokha zotengerazo.
Pa nthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse mumadzi mumatope, muwatsanulire nthawi zonse.
Pa gawo lachiwiri ndilofunikira makamaka Onetsetsani kuti chinyezi chikhale chonchi muzitsulo. Chizindikiro sichiyenera kugwa pansi pa 60-70%. Mazira makamaka amapopedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pa nthawi yotsatira.
Sangathe:
- kupopera kuti madzi azitha.
- kuthira mwamsanga pakangotha kutsegula chivindikiro pa mazira owotcha, izi zidzakhala zodabwitsa kwa mluza. Tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti mazira azizizira pang'ono. Nthawi yosintha idzakhala yozizira pang'ono.
- Tsekani chivindikiro musanayambe kupopera mankhwala, kuti muteteze mapangidwe a condensate, nkofunikira kuti muzichita mu miniti ndi theka, mutatha kuwala.
Ndikofunikira nthawi yozengereza kuti zitsimikizo zowonjezera zimakhala ndi chinyezi, pafupifupi 90%. Kukhalapo kwa zitsulo zotseguka ndi madzi panthawi ya kuthamanga kungayambitse imfa ya anapiye. Kupitiliza pa izi, onetsetsani kuti zinziri sizikhoza kulowa mwa iwo.
