Mabulosi oterewa komanso abwino, monga strawberries kapena munda strawberries, akhoza kukula chaka chonse mu kutentha nyengo. Kupambana kwa ntchitoyi kumadalira kusankha bwino kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kusamalira bwino mbewu. Malangizo okhudza kukula kwa strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha angapezeke m'munsimu.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya wowonjezera kutentha
Kukula masamba a wowonjezera kutentha kumawathandiza kuti azikhala ndi zipatso zokoma patebulo, mosasamala nyengo ndi nyengo, zimapulumutsa mpata wokonzedwa bwino wa tchire ndipo zimapereka kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
Anakumana wamaluwa ndi osatha zitsanzo anapeza mitundu zosiyanasiyana munda strawberries amasonyeza bwino zokolola akakula kutetezedwa nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu ayenera kusankha yekha-ololera, remontant, wodzipiritsa yekha, osalowerera tsiku. Takulembera inu mwachidule ndi kufotokozera mwachidule mitundu yambiri yotchuka.
- "Albion". Remontant, wokhoza kubwereza fruiting zosiyanasiyana. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2006 ku USA. Iwo amadziwika ndi mkulu zokolola (0,4-2 makilogalamu ku chitsamba chimodzi pa nyengo), zazikulu zipatso (40-60 g aliyense), kukana kusokoneza nyengo kusintha, anthracnose ndi imvi kuvunda.
- "Brighton". Mitundu yambiri yobwerezabwereza, yobala zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimabadwira ndi obereketsa ku America. Ili ndi tchire timene timadumpha kwambiri. Zipatso zazikulu - 50-60 g kulemera kwake, zokongola zofiira ndi zokutira varnished. Kusiyanitsa bwino transportability. Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal.
- "Gigantella". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana inalumikizidwa ku Holland. Amapereka zipatso zazikulu zolemera 100 g. Zipatso ndi zowirira, zotsika bwino, zokoma kwambiri ndi zonunkhira. Mbalame zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala zogwirizana. Kukonzekera kuli kokwera - mpaka 3 kg kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi pa nyengo.
- "Korona". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalimbikitsidwa ndi abambo Achi Dutch mu 1972. Anakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha mkulu wa zokolola, nthawi yaitali ya fruiting, yozizira hardiness (mpaka madigiri -22), kukana chilala, ndi kukana matenda ambiri a fungal. Zipatso kuchokera ku "Korona" ya sing'anga kukula - 15-30 g, sing'anga osakanikirana, yowutsa mudyo ndi chokoma.
- "Mfumukazi Elizabeth". Zokwera-zobala zosiyanasiyana - chitsamba chimodzi chimabweretsa 1.5 makilogalamu pa nyengo. Zina mwa ubwino wake ndi zowonongeka (mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zikhoza kubzalidwa pa mita imodzi), nthawi zambiri (nthawi ziwiri kapena zisanu) fruiting, yokolola oyambirira mu May, kukana chisanu ndi matenda ambiri. Zipatsozi ndi zokoma, zogulitsa bwino, zomwe zasungidwa nthawi yaitali. Zosiyanasiyana sizilekerera kutentha ndi madzi.
- "Octave". Zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku Chiyukireniya obereketsa. Zimasiyana ndi zokolola zapamwamba, zobiriwira zowonjezera zokometsera ndi zamphamvu zomwe zili bwino.
- "San Andreas". Kubadwira ku USA. Zipatso zinayi pa nthawiyi zimakhala zazikulu (30-35 g) zipatso zazikulu zomwe zasungidwa bwino ndikusamutsidwa. Kawirikawiri zokolola ndi 1 makilogalamu pa chitsamba pa nyengo. Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, makamaka kuwona.
- "Sonata". Dutch zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinamangidwa zaka 14. Malinga ndi kukoma kwake ndi maonekedwe a zipatso ndi ofanana ndi kutanthauzira zosiyanasiyana "Elsanta". Chomera ndi chisanu-cholimba, chodzichepetsa, chokwanira-mpaka makilogalamu 1.5 kuchokera ku chitsamba. Zipatso zimanyamula bwino ndikusungidwa. Iwo ali ndi kukoma kokoma, pafupifupi mawonekedwe abwino ndi okondweretsa sitiroberi kukoma.
- Uchi. Oyambirira kucha kucha osadzichepetsa. Amabweretsa zipatso zokongola ndi zazikulu ndi kuwala. Mnofu wawo ndi wokoma, wamadzi wonyezimira, omwe amadziwika ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a mchere, amayerekezera ndi 4.6-5 mfundo. Zipatso zimanyamula bwino ndikusungidwa bwino. Chitsamba chimodzi pa nyengo pafupipafupi chimabweretsa makilogalamu 1.2. Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi chisanu chokaniza, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
- "Elsanta".Zolemba zosiyanasiyana za Dutch. Zowonjezera zake zimapanga makilogalamu awiri ndi awiri kuchokera ku chitsamba. Waukulu mwayi sitiroberi ndi lalikulu, 40-45 g aliyense, zipatso ndi kwambiri mchere kukoma, otchulidwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Iwo amanyamula bwino, samangotenga kwa nthawi yaitali. Kukaniza kuwona ndi kuvila imvi.
Mukudziwa? Kuphatikiza pa zofiira nthawi zonse kwa ife, palinso sitiroberi woyera, omwe ali ndi kukoma kwa chinanazi.
Mukudziwa? Sitiroberi yaikulu kwambiri inatha kukweza munthu wokhala ku Japan Koji Nakao. Mabulosiwa anali ndi masentimita 250. Ngakhale pafupipafupi, zipatsozo zimafika polemera 15-30 g.
Kodi kusankha zabwino sitiroberi mbande
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka, kuwonjezera pa kusankha kolondola kwa mitundu, muyenera kugulanso mbande zapamwamba. Pogula ndi zomera ndikofunikira kupanga zotsatirazi:
- yang'anani masamba - ayenera kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, obiriwira obiriwira, opanda mawanga, makwinya, mawanga ndi kuwonongeka;
- onetsetsani mapepala - payenera kukhala osachepera atatu mwawo;
- kuyang'anitsitsa kolala kuti asakhale wovunda, mawanga, komanso kuyesa mphamvu yake (kawirikawiri - 5 mm m'mimba mwake);
- onetsetsani mmene mizu imakhalira - ayenera kukhala athanzi komanso opangidwa bwino, osachepera 7 cm.
Kwa omwe akukonzekera kulima strawberries ogulitsa, timalimbikitsa kugula zomwe zimatchedwa mbande zabwino - zomera zakula kuchokera ku uterine baka muzochitika zinazake. Mbeu izi ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri kusiyana ndi nthawi zonse, komabe, zimakhala ndizitsutsa kwambiri matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. 
Kuchuluka kwa zokolola kungapezeke kuchokera ku zomera zomwe zinachotsedwa nthawi nthawi maluwa mapesi. Choncho, ndi bwino kugula mbande muzatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizovomerezeka m'minda ndi malo odyera.
Ndikofunikira! Kukhalapo kwa madontho oyera pa mbande kumapereka umboni wa matenda ake ndi matenda a fungal. Mapepala a mapepalawa amasonyeza kukhalapo kwa chosawonongeka chochedwa chochedwa. Khungu lakuda la masamba ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa mite. Kugula mitengo ndi zizindikiro zapamwambazi ziyenera kusiya.
Munda wolima
Chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsera pamene mutabzala ndi nthaka. Ikonzekera chaka chimodzi chisanafike pamafakitale. Zotsatira zabwino zitha kupezeka m'munda wa mbeu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mbeu yobzala.
Perekani feteleza ndi humus kapena kompositi kuti zidzakwaniritse zofunikira ndi zolemba, zomwe zidzasintha mkhalidwe wa mlengalenga ndi zinyezimira za nthaka ndikukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa acidity. Ngati dothi likuda kwambiri, muyenera kuwonjezera laimu - 50 kg pa zana. 
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungadziwire okha kuti ndi acidity ya nthaka, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka pa tsamba.
Musanabzala mu nthaka isanakhale yothira:
- superphosphate - 30 g / 1 sq. m;
- potaziyamu kloride - 15 g / 1 sq. m
Kubzala mbande
Lero, strawberries amafunika kukula mu njira zitatu:
- Chikhalidwe - pansi.
- Mu miphika.
- Mu matumba apulasitiki kapena matumba.
Classic scheme
Kupita ndi njira ya mizere iwiri kapena kachitidwe ka checkerboard. Mtunda pakati pa mizera iyenera kukhala 30-40 masentimita, pakati pa tchire - 25-30 masentimita, pakati pa zidutswa - 80-100 masentimita Ngati mbewu idagulidwa mu miphika, amaikidwe ndi kuwaponya m'mabowo 10 cm zakuya popanda kuwononga nthaka.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za momwe mungasamalire strawberries mutatha kukolola, komanso momwe mungadulire masamba ndi masharubu a strawberries ndi nthawi yokolola.
Mfundo ya kukula iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Mutabzala, zomera zimathirizidwa ndi kuzungulira ndi utuchi, udzu, geotextile kapena zipangizo zina. Kuthirira mwezi woyamba mutabzala kudzachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mu miphika yapadera
Chitukuko cha Dutch chimaphatikizapo kubzala mbande m'miphika yosiyana. Zili m'kati mwa magawo asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi - choncho pamtunda uliwonse wamakilomita amakwanira pafupifupi tchire 50. 
Kubzala mmiphika kudzakhala kofunikira kukonzekera gawo lapansi kuchokera:
- peat (magawo awiri);
- perlite (chidutswa chimodzi);
- utuchi (1.5 mbali).
Miphika ayenera kukhala 18-20 masentimita awiri, opangidwa ndi pulasitiki, matabwa, koma osati zitsulo. Amapachikidwa pamapiri apadera, kuvala matabwa kapena matabwa.
Tsamba la Strawberry limabzalidwa ngati zipinda zowonongeka: amaika mpweya pansi, mudzaze mphika ndi gawo lopanda pansi, mosamala mosamala muyike muzuwo ndi kuwaza ndi gawolo, mopepuka. Kumapeto kwa kubzala mbewu ayenera kuthiriridwa. Ndikofunika kuti musaiwale za kukhalapo kwa dzenje lakutsitsa mu mphika kuti muchotse chinyezi chowonjezera.
Ndikofunikira! Njira iyi yolima si yoyenera mitundu yomwe imapanga mizu yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yayitali.
Video: kumakula strawberries mu miphika
Mu phukusi
Njira yowonjezera kubzala ndi kubzala m'thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe likukula kwambiri pakati pa alimi. Pa mtengo, njira iyi ndi yotsika mtengo.
Mudzidziwe nokha ndi sitiroberi kulima luso lamakono pogwiritsa ntchito Finnish luso, hydroponics, komanso curly ndi ampelous strawberries.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti gawolo limatsanulidwa m'matumba akuluakulu, owopsa kwambiri, omwe amakhala oyera, omwe amaikidwa pansi, amaikidwa pamatengo, ndi kuimitsidwa kuchokera ku fasteners. Mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri ndi 16 ndi 210 cm.
Pansi pa matumbawo munaika dongo ngati madzi, kenako mudzaze nawo ndi gawo la peat ndi perlite mofanana (nthaka yosakaniza, mchenga wa mtsinje, utuchi ndi utupu). Kenaka phukusili mumapanga masentimita 8 pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita. Iwo amaika tchire mbande.
Kulima strawberries pogwiritsira ntchito lusoli kudzafuna bungwe la kuthirira madzi. Mmalo mwa matumba apulasitiki, matumba a polypropylene amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, opangidwa kuchokera ku shuga. 
Ndikofunikira! Muyenera kukhala opanda matumba atatu kapena matumba pa mita imodzi.
Zinthu ndi chisamaliro cha strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha
Mutabzala ndi njira iliyonse yapamwambayi, chisamaliro chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zinthu zabwino za zomera ndi zapamwamba zowonongeka, zomwe zikuphatikizapo:
- kuthirira;
- kuwomba;
- chovala;
- mankhwala othandiza.
Kuunikira kwina
Kuunikira n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kukula ndi chitukuko cha strawberries. Ndikofunika kuti mu wowonjezera kutentha kumene udzu wambiri umakula ponseponse chaka chonse, maola 10 mpaka 14 tsiku lowala liwonetsedwa. Kuti mukwaniritse, muyenera kuwonjezera zina zowunikira kuchokera 8: 8 mpaka 11pm ndipo kuyambira 5 mpaka 8 koloko masana. 
Izi ndi zofunika makamaka nthawi ya kutulutsidwa kwa peduncles, maluwa ndi fruiting. Monga chitsimikizo china chowalitsira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fulorosenti.
Ngati mwasankha kubzala kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndiye kuti pansi pa zofotokozedwa pamwambapa, chomeracho chidzaperekedwa ndi kuwala kofunikira.
Kuwonjezera kutalika kwa maola a masana kumapangitsa maluwa mofulumira ndi mofulumira fruiting. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuwala kwa maola asanu ndi atatu mmerawo udzaphuka patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala, ndipo ovary adzapereka pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5. Pa 16 koloko - maluwa adzawonekera pambuyo pa masiku khumi, ndi ovary chipatso - mu masiku 35-37.
Kuthamanga
Kuthamanga kumachitika pamene kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumafikira + madigiri 21. Muzichita masana. Pulogalamu yotsegula mpweya ikhoza kukhala yolemba kapena yodzidzimutsa. 
Chifukwa cha mpweya wabwino, mpweya wabwino umalowa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndipo umatuluka kunja. Choncho, n'zotheka kuchepetsa chinyezi ndi kutentha, kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda ambiri.
Kutentha
Mukamabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha sikuyenera kukwera kuposa madigiri 10 °. Pamene ikukula, idzafunika pang'onopang'ono kukwezedwa ku 18% + madigiri 20. Pamene ikufalikira, iyenera kukhala pafupi + 20 ... + madigiri 24. M'tsogolomu - kuyambira +22 mpaka +24 madigiri.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku pulasitiki ndi mapuloteni a polypropylene, kuchokera ku polycarbonate, komanso malo odyetsera "Breadbox", "Namwino", "Matimati Wosindikiza", molingana ndi Mitlayder.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha pakabzala chiyenera kusungidwa pa 85%. Pamene tchire imakhala mizu pansi, iyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala 75%. Mu maluwa ndi fruiting gawo, chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa msinkhu wosapitirira 70%.
Mukudziwa? Teresa Tallien, nyumba yachifumu kuyambira nthawi ya French Revolution, anatenga sitolo ya sitiroberi kuti asunge khungu lake. Njira imodziyi inatenga pafupifupi 10 kilogalamu ya zipatso.
Madzi a chinyezi ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, chifukwa ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha matenda a fungal.
Kuthirira
Mwezi umodzi mutabzala, muyenera kusintha madzi okwanira kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofunda madzulo. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zomera sizingatheke. Apo ayi iwo adzanyamula zipatso. Madzi amatha kuopseza matenda ovunda ndi owopsa.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi kuti mudziwe kangati mukufunika kuthirira strawberries, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ulimi wothirira mozemba, komanso momwe ulimi wothirira umakhala wabwino kwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Kwa strawberries, ndi bwino ngati madzi amapita ku mizu ndipo samakhala pa zimayambira ndi masamba. Izi zikhoza kupindula mwa kukonzekera kutsitsa kapena kuthirira. Pothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe kake, feteleza amadziwidwanso. Ndondomeko yotereyi ingagulidwe ku sitolo kapena kukonzekera yekha.
Kuwongolera
Ngati musankha mitundu yomwe silingathe kudzipangira mungu, ayenera kupatsa mungu. 
Pakuti imagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo:
- buku;
- fan;
- tizilombo;
- cholemba;
- madzi
Kwachiwiri - khalani ndi mpweya wabwino, womwe umatulutsa mungu. Pa mamita 100 lalikulu. mamita amafunika magalimoto atatu. Adzafunikanso kuphatikizidwa pa maluwa tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo.
Pa minda yayikulu, thandizo la tizilombo lidzafunika - mng'oma amaikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ngakhale kuti pali vuto linalake ndi kusatetezeka kwa njirayi, mphamvu zake zimafikira 95%. 
Mukhoza kupitsa mungu pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera ku magwero oyima. Komabe, momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera ndi 45%. Mitengo imatha kufalikira komanso imatsegula mawindo ndi zitseko za wowonjezera kutentha.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pofuna kudyetsa mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la potaziyamu kloride (10 g pa 10 l madzi) ndi ammonium nitrate (80 g pa 10 l madzi). Ikubweretsedwa pansi pa mizu. Zakudya zopangira thupi zimathandizanso - slurry (1 mpaka 5), manyowa a nkhuku (1 mpaka 10). Kudyetsa kumachitika masiku 14 alionse.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene feteleza zamasamba, ndizofunika kulemekeza kwambiri, monga momwe zowonjezera zowonjezera zimayambitsa moto.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Pofuna kuteteza matendawa mu wowonjezera kutentha, amafunika kuwonetsa nthawi zonse kuti asapitirire dothi ndi mpweya. M'pofunikanso kusunga maulendo omwe amalimbikitsidwa pakati pa tchire pakabzala ndi fetereza. Pofuna kupewa, kutsekula kwa fungicides muzitsamba za mizu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera.
Froberries mu wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukhudzidwa:
- imvi zowola - chifukwa cha prophylaxis, kuyendetsa nthawi zonse kudzafunika, kuchiza, kuchotsa zomera zodwala;
- malo oyera - kukhumudwa ndi nthaka yolimba yothira ndi mkulu chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha. Amachiritsidwa ndi kukonzekera "Falcon", "Euparin", mkuwa wa sulphate;
- powdery mildew - imayamba pamene mlengalenga ndi mlengalenga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mchere wa sulfate ndi sopo;
- kuchepa kwachedwa - ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa zomera zimachotsedwa.
Kuchokera ku tizirombo pa strawberries pa mkulu chinyezi akhoza kulimbana ndi slugs. Kuti muwachotse, muyenera kuyika misampha kapena kusonkhanitsa tizilombo tokha. Choncho, pakukula strawberries mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kuwombera pafupifupi chaka chonse chokolola.
Kutentha kwa zomera kumtunda wotsekedwa kumapereka mkhalidwe wabwino kwambiri wa mabulosi awa ndikukulolani kuti mupindule kwambiri. Zipangizo zamakono zomwe tatchula pamwambazi zimapanga njira yokula komanso yosavuta.
Mtumiki Wogwiritsa Ntchito
