Pellaea ndi chipinda chokongoletsera bwino chomwe chili ndi masamba owala, owala bwino. Ndi a banja la a Sinopteris ndipo amakhala m'nkhalango za New Zealand. Komanso, mbewuyo imapezeka kumadera akumwera kwa Africa ndi Latin America. M'matumba athu, pellea imamera ngati chomera ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi masamba ake obiriwira osadziwika bwino.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Pellaea amatanthauza zipatso zobiriwira, zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ili ndi mizu yopanda tanthauzo. Fern iyi ilibe tsinde. Wii amapangidwa kuchokera ku muzu wa khosi ndi utoto wa-ofiira. Zomera zili ndi mawonekedwe ndipo mawonekedwe a nthambi zotalika mpaka 30 cm.
Masamba osasunthika amagawika pawiri. Pamwamba pa tsambalo pamakhala chobiriwira chakuda. Kuyambira pansipa, timapepala ta masamba nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka, wachikasu komanso wowuma.
Sporangia igona mzere pansi pa tsamba ndipo imabisidwa ndi chofewa.
Mitundu ya pellet
Pamtundu wa ma pellets, pali mitundu 40. Pakati pawo pali timabowo timene timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timatha kutentha. Timalemba mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe.
Lance ili ngati mkondo. Chomera chimakhala ndi chapamwamba kwambiri komanso mizu yokhala ndi masamba. Ma Cirrus veyas amafika masentimita 60 m'litali ndi masentimita 30. Makilogalamu atatu, asymmetric amapezeka pa petiole yofiirira. Chingwe chopitilira cha sporangia chili kumbuyo kwa tsamba.
Pellet wozungulira. Chomera, chomwe chimakonda kwambiri alimi, chimakhala chitsamba chachikulu, chachitali 30 cm komanso 40 cm.Mamba owaza masamba amapezeka pamizu yopanda zipatso. Kutalika kwa tsamba lanthete ndi 25 cm, ndipo m'lifupi sapitilira masentimita 5. Masamba ofiirira ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Pansi pamunsi pa tsamba lophimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, loyera. Zovuta zili kumbuyo kwa pepalalo ndipo zimakhala ndi mzere wowongoka.
Pellae wobiriwira. Pamtundu wokwawa, mpanda wopindika umapangidwa ndi masamba autali (50 cm). M'lifupi mwake muli masentimita 20. Masamba amtundu wobiriwira wopepuka ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa, apansi. Petioles ndi odikiririka, okhazikika, kotero chitsamba chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical.
Pellet ndi utoto wakuda. Mtengowo umapanga rosette wamasamba osowa. Pa vayas yoyera kapena yakuda kwambiri pali masamba obiriwira opindika atatu. Masamba adaphimbidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira. Kumbali yosinthikayo pamakhala matsenga ophimbidwa ndi chowuma. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kukana bwino chisanu ndipo kumatha kuzizira panja.
Wosuta fodya. Chomera chake chimakhala chomata komanso chaching'ono. Masamba amasonkhana m'magulu amtundu wocheperako wakuda wakuda. Masamba ozungulira kapena opindika amakutidwa ndi poyambira. Kutalika kwa mapepala a pepala ndi 4-18 cm.
Pellet ovoid. Mbewuyi ndi yamera kwambiri. Vayi pafupifupi igona pansi. Pamtundu wocheperako wa bulauni petioles, mapepala okhala ndi mtima kapena ozungulira amapezeka. Masamba a masamba ndi osalala, obiriwira amdima. Mitunduyo imasinthidwa kuti ikhale youma komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Njira zolerera
Pellets zimaswana ndi spores ndi kugawanika kwa chitsamba. Spores ikuyenera kusungidwa kuchokera ku pepala mpaka pepala ndikuwuma. Kubzala kumachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha pamchenga-peaty, lonyowa. Palibenso chifukwa choonjezera chotsutsira. Kutentha kwa dziko lapansi sikuyenera kugwa pansi + 21 ° C. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi kanema kuti chisaume. Asanatuluke, wowonjezera kutentha amasungidwa m'malo amdima. Tsiku ndi tsiku, dothi limapumira mpweya ndipo nthaka imapukutira ku mfuti.
Mphukira zimayamba kuwonekera kwambiri patatha miyezi 1-3 mutabzala. Tsopano potoyo wasamutsira kuchipinda chowala ndikuchotsa pogona. Mbande zimafunika kudulidwamo kuti pakhale mtunda wa masentimita 2,5. Zomera zomwe amazikulitsa zimazidulira mumiphika ndi dothi lanthu wamkulu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande ziwiri limodzi.
Chitsamba chokulirapo chogawika chimatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewuyi imakumbidwa ndikuthira m'nthaka yambiri. Mizu yake imadulidwa ndi mpeni wosalala, wakuthwa m'magawo angapo. Ndikofunikira kusunga masamba okwanira awiri pagawo lililonse. Zapamwamba zimakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti mizu yochepa thupi isayime. Kusintha kosintha kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Munthawi imeneyi, chomera chimayikidwa m'malo otetezeka ndikuchepetsa kuthirira.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kunyumba, pellet ndiyosasimbika mu chisamaliro. Amakonda zipinda zokhala ndi magetsi owala. M'dzinja, pamene kuzizira kwa usiku kumaleka, mutha kutulutsa miphika m'munda wamthunzi. M'nyengo yozizira, zenera lakumpoto lingafune kuyatsa kwapanyumba, kotero kuti maola masana ndi maola 12.
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Kwa nthawi yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo ozizira (+ 14 ... + 16 ° C). Kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kuyanika ndi kugwa kwamasamba.
Thirirani mbewuyo m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a madzi ofewa. Mchitidwewu umachitika nthawi zambiri, kotero kuti gawo lakumtunda lokha ndi nthawi yopumira. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala ofunda. Saloledwa kugunda masamba. Chinyezi chosasunthika sichilinso chovomerezeka, apo ayi mizu imatha kuvunda.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, feteleza wa mchere amawonjezeredwa kumadzi othirira mwezi uliwonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizika kwazomera zam'mimba zopopera.
Pellet safuna mpweya chinyezi kwambiri. Chizindikiro cha 50% chikhala chokwanira. Mchipinda chonyowa komanso malo ozizira, fern uyu amatha kudwala. Spray ndi kuwonjezeranso hydration ndikofunikira kokha pazomwezo nyengo yozizira pafupi ndi ma radiators otentha.
Kuyika pellet kumachitika kamodzi pakatha zaka 1-2. Miphika imasankhidwa masentimita angapo kuposa omwe anali nawo, koma osati yayikulu kwambiri. Kuthekera sikuyenera kukhala kwakuya kwambiri. Mizu yake imamasulidwa mosamala ku dongo. Zoyala zadongo kapena njerwa zazitali zimamangidwa pansi ngati ngalande.
Malo obzala ma pellets azikhala osalowerera kapena pang'ono amchere. Mutha kugula mu sitolo gawo lokonzedwa lopangidwa ndi ferns ndi kuwonjezera kwa laimu. Pakati pa sabata pambuyo pakuthana, pellet amafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Chomera chimayikidwa pamalo otentha, otetezedwa ndipo samamwetsa madzi ambiri.
Tizilombo ta pellet timalimbana ndi matenda ndipo sikuti timavutika ndi tiziromboti. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, imakondwera ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali. Fern pellet safuna kudulira pafupipafupi ndipo kwa zaka zambiri amasunga kukongola kwa korona.
