Amapweteketsa balsamu - Zomwe timapangira nyumba tonsefe kuyambira tili ana. Dzina lachilatini Impatiens limamasuliridwa kuti "lovuta", chifukwa mbewu za basamuamu zimabalalika mosiyana ngati muwakhudza. Kawirikawiri duwa limeneli limagwirizanitsidwa ndi ubwana, chifukwa pafupifupi agogo onse a mnyumbamo anali ndi "Spark", monga amatchedwa. Balsamu ndi imodzi mwa anthu omwe amapezeka m'banja la Balsamin (Balsaminaceae), yomwe ili ndi mitundu yoposa 600. Balsamu ya kumidzi - madera otentha ndi madera otentha a Africa ndi Asia. Ku Ulaya, chomeracho chinayamba kuonekera mu 1596.
Kufika pa basamu: kusankha malo, kutentha ndi kuyatsa
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule pang'ono za chipinda cha basamu ndi kumusamalira. Mmodzi mwa mayina ake - "Vanka Mokry" - mafuta a basamu adalandira chifukwa cha "chizoloŵezi" cha chinyezi. Balsamu ndi chomera chodzichepetsa. Ndi bwino kuyika pamalo abwino, koma mwanjira yomwe dzuwa limaloleka silimagwa.
Ngati mulibe malo pawindo, ndipo mukukakamizika "kubzala" pangodya - musataye mtima, ndipo apa ikukula, koma siidzaphuka kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimayikidwa kumbali ya kummawa, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe kuyeretsa khonde kuti mupeze mpweya watsopano nthawi zonse. Musati muike basamu pafupi ndi woyendetsa kapena betri, monga maluwa angagwe kuchokera ku mpweya wouma kwambiri.
Kusamalira balsamine wamkati kumaphatikizansopo nyengo yoyenera ndi yabwino ya zomera. Chifukwa cha chiyambi chake, basamu ndi thermophilic, ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri kutentha chifukwa ndi 18-22 ° C m'chilimwe ndi 8-12 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati mutatsatira malangizo omwe angakuthandizeni kusamalira balsamu yamkati, idzasangalala ndi mtundu wake chaka chonse. Chomera ichi chimayamba pachimake chaka choyamba. Balsamu imakula osati kokha ngati nyumba, komanso ngati munda.
Mukudziwa? Ku England, mafuta a basamu ankatchedwa "Olimba Lisa" kuti athe kuphulika nthawi zonse.
Kusankha mphika ndikukonzekera nthaka yobzala
Kukula kwa basamu kumera kuli bwino kutenga pang'ono kupatula mizu ya maluwa. Patapita nthawi, pamene chomera chikukula mumphika, kuphulika sikungasokoneze maluwa ambiri. Ambiri akukhudzidwa ndi: momwe angapangire balsamu? Ndi zophweka kwambiri, ndipo tidzakambirana za izo. Chigawo choyamba cha kukula bwino ndi nthaka ya basamini - iyenera kukhala yowonongeka pang'ono, yowala ndi yofiira ndipo ili ndi mapangidwe awa: magawo awiri a nthaka, tsamba limodzi ndi mchenga umodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka ya duwa iyeneranso kukhala ndi feteleza, chifukwa izi zidzakulitsa kukula kwa zobiriwira, osati mtundu.
Mbali yofunikira ya nthaka ya basamu ndi madzi abwino (ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lowonjezera). Ku New Guinea mabala, humus kapena kompositi akhoza kuwonjezedwa kunthaka.
Nthawi zambiri amamwetsa basamu, kusamalira chomera.
Malo a Balsamu safuna kuti azitumikira mwakhama. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera. Ndi bwino kuthirira maluwa ndi madzi olekana. Ngati madzi anu ndi ovuta, yiritsani, monga limescale, yomwe imawonekera kuchokera ku madzi ovuta, idzatsogolera ku matenda ndi kuwononga mbewu. Kuthirira basamu kumakhala bwino pamphepete mwa mphika, kuyesera kuti usagwere pazuwo.
Mukudziwa? Ngati nthawi ndi nthawi mutulutsa dothi la pamwamba mu mphika, ndiye kuti maluwa anu a basamu adzawoneka owala.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuthira mafuta a basamu ayenera kuchitidwa pamene gawo la pamwamba la substrate liuma. M'chilimwe, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mochulukira, koma kuthira madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera ku poto, pamene mizu ingayambe kuvunda chifukwa cha madzi ochulukirapo. Balsamu si yokongola zokha, komanso chomera chodziwika bwino: imanena kuti alibe chinyezi ndi masamba achikasu.
Chigawo chofunikira cha kusamalira balsamu ndi feteleza. Kumapeto kwa maluwa, pamene duwa limayamba kukula molimbika, limalangizidwa kuthirira madzi ndi feteleza mchere kamodzi pa masabata awiri pa mwezi. M'nthawi ya maluwa ambiri a basamu ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera phosphorous ndi calcium.
Ndikofunikira! Monga gawo la kudya balsamu sayenera kukhala nayitrogeni, chifukwa "ikuwotchera" muzu.
Malo a basamu amafunikanso kuchepetsa kusamalidwa bwino: kamodzi pa sabata, kuthira madzi otsekemera pamasamba ndi maluwa ndi botolo lamatsitsi.
Kudula ndi kuziika "Vanya yonyowa"
Kudulira balsamu sikuli kovuta monga momwe kungawonekere. Florists amalimbikitsa kudulira m'chaka, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kumuika. Ngati chomera chanu chikukula kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphukira ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi theka, osayiwala kuti ziziyang'aniridwa ndi mizu youma kapena yovunda, yomwe imachotsedwa pamunsi pa rhizome. Balsamu ikhoza kuikidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka. Ngati munapatsidwa duwa, kapena munagula mu sitolo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musamalike pomwepo. Thirani madzi mumphika wokonzeka, kenaka patsani pang'ono. Kenaka ponyani maluwawo mumphika wakale, osayesa kuwononga piritsi, kuikamo mumphika watsopano ndikuphimba ndi dothi.
Ndikofunikira! Dothi la Ph liyenera kukhala pa mlingo wa 5.5-6.5.
Pambuyo pa kusinthitsa, muyenera kumwa madzi ochulukirapo ndikuzisiya nokha. Patapita milungu iwiri, mukhoza kuyamba kudyetsa maluwa.
Njira ziwiri zoberekera basamu
Ambiri a basamu amamwa mankhwalawa ndipo amaganiza za momwe angapangire zomera. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu: kufalitsa mbewu ndi Kuphatikizidwa kwa basamu.
Mbewu imafalitsidwa mwanjira iyi: chifukwa choyamba kubzala mbewu za balsamu, muyenera kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kopanda nthaka, kuphatikizapo peat, perlite ndi vermiculite. Mukawona zitoliro kapena zinyalala mu gawo lapansi, ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kusakaniza zonsezi, chisakanizocho chiyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ambiri ndi kusakaniziranso. Thirani nyemba pamtunda wapamwamba, ndi chonyowa chakumwa chotsamba "chonyamula" ndikuwapititsa ku chisakanizo.
Mukudziwa? Kuti muwone mbeu zomwe zimamera, onetsetsani malo omwe ali pafupi ndi plantings ndi mankhwala opangira mano.
Mbewu zonse zikabzalidwa, ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi peat. Kenaka chidebecho chili ndi mbewu zomwe zili ndi filimuyi ndi kuziyika pamalo ofunda kwambiri, kupewa zozizwitsa. Muyenera kuyendetsa njere mukawona madontho pamwamba pa chidebecho. Mbewu zimamera kuyambira masabata awiri mpaka 4. Pamene kutuluka kwa mphukira yoyamba iyenera kutsegulidwa.
Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za momwe tingafalitsire balsamu cuttings. Musanagwiritse ntchito palimodzi, nkofunika kuti muwapatse secateurs (tongs) ndi mowa, vodka kapena mankhwala enaake ophera tizilombo. Dulani pamwamba kwambiri ndi kudula masamba angapo. Phesi iyenera kukhala yautali masentimita 7-15, malingana ndi kukula kwa chomera.
Bzalani phesi mu chisakanizo cha peat, vermiculite ndi perlite. Thirani madzi ofunda ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Kawirikawiri amavomerezedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Cuttings omwe ali mizu yolimba, ingakusangalatseni ndi maluwa yoyamba.
Pofuna chipinda cha basamamu chinakondweretsa iwe kwa zaka zambiri, chisamaliro chiyenera kukhala chokwanira komanso cha panthaŵi yake.
