Amaluwa ambiri amakonda kulima zomera zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusowa kwa maluwa kapena kuoneka kokongola. Ndizomwe zili choncho kuti polypodium, millipede, ikhoza kutchulidwa. Ambiri amvapo nthano za fern, yomwe imabweretsa mwayi. Ndipo tsopano mungathe kudziyesa nokha mwa kubzala mbewu yachilendo kunyumba kwanu. Tidzakulangizani maonekedwe a polypodium, kukuthandizani kuti mumere chomera ndikuchifalitsa.
Polypodium: Kufotokozera za Centipede Fern
Zodziwika ndi centipede ziyenera kuyamba ndi kufotokoza. Polypodium - Squaty herbaceous chomera, chomwe chili cha banja la millipedes, chimakula m'nkhalango ndi nkhalango za South America, Australia, India ndi New Zealand.
Mukudziwa? Ku Germany, polypodium amatchedwa "mizu yokoma". Dzina la fern ndilo kupezeka mu rhizome ya malic acid, shuga ndi saponins.
Kodi fern imawoneka bwanji?
Chomeracho chimakhala ngati madzi ambiri kakombo mu kapangidwe ka gawo la mlengalenga. Mtedzawu uli ndi rhizome yobiriwira, yomwe masamba amachokera mumzere. Alibe tsinde, kotero njira zonse zamagetsi zimachitika muzu wa mizu ndi miyendo ya masamba. Polypodium imakula mpaka masentimita 25 mu msinkhu. Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa masamba ndi mita imodzi. Mtundu wa polypodium uli ndi mitundu yokwana 100, yomwe imaimiridwa ndi epiphytic (kukula pa mitengo kapena zitsamba) komanso pamwamba pa ferns. 
Ngati mukufuna duwa limene likukula mochulukirapo kuposa msinkhu, limatanthauza kuti chomera ichi ndi cha inu. Fern ili ndi kutalika kwa masamba ndi kutalika kwa masamba omwe ali kale chaka chachinayi cha moyo, ngati afesedwa ndi spores, kapena m'chaka chachitatu, ngati athazikitsidwa ndi magawano.
Chimene muyenera kudziwa podzalowa polypodium
Musanabzala polypodium, muyenera kuganizira za momwe alili m'ndende komanso kusankha malo a zomera. Fern amasiyana ndi maluwa wamba osati pokhapokha pali maluwa mapesi ndi masamba, komanso mu kapangidwe ka korona ndi mizu. Ndicho chifukwa chake tidzakambirana za kusankha poto yoyenera yobzala, kusankhidwa kwa dothi ndikuikapo mphika m'nyumba.
Mukudziwa? Polypodium ankatchedwa "centiee" chifukwa cha mzere wa masamba, womwe umafanana ndi miyendo yoponda.
Kusankha kwokhoza kukula kwa polypodium
Timayamba posankha chotengera choyenera cha mamia a millipede. Mukagula fern mu mphika, muyenera kudziwa momwe mbewu imakhala ndi zaka zingati. 
Mutatha kugula, mulimonsemo, fern ayenera kuchotsedwa mu mphika ndikuyang'ana mizu. Ngati mizu ya mizu imakhala yofanana ndi mphika wa mphika, ndibwino kuti muwupangiremo watsopano. Popeza mizu ya polypodium ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, popanda malo omasuka m'chombocho, mizu idzangopyola mphika wa pulasitiki kapena kuyamba "kutuluka" kunja kwa nthaka.
Ndikofunika kutenga mphika pokhapokha ngati kukula kwa mizu. Pankhaniyi, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa zitsulo zochepa, zomwe zili ndi malo akuluakulu. Mu mphika wotere, mizu idzakhala mu chikhalidwe chake chachibadwidwe, ndipo mizu idzakula m'lifupi.
Ndikofunikira! Mizu yothamanga siidzatha kukula mu sitima yopapatiza kwambiri, choncho sankhani mphika wozungulira.
Ndibwino kuti tigule chotengera chopangidwa ndi zipangizo zolimba (dongo, faience, porcelain, marble) kuti zisawonongeke mphika chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa mizu.
Momwe mungasankhire malo oti mukule
Polypodium imakonda kuwala kosavuta, kotero posankha malo okula, muyenera kutuluka pamsewu wotseguka ndi madiwindo akumwera.
Ndi bwino kuika mphika kumbali ya kummawa. Mbali ya kumpoto kwa chipinda ndi njira yabwino. Ntchito yaikulu ndiyo kuchotsa kuwala kwa dzuwa pa masamba a fern. Panthawi yovuta kwambiri, mukhoza kuika duwa kumbali yakum'mwera, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo mumayenera kumeta mthunzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhumba imafuna kuunikira bwino (popeza palibe nyengo yozizira kudziko lakwawo). Kutalika kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa kuyenera kukhala maola asanu ndi atatu. Kuunikira kwina kumaperekedwa ndi nyali za fulorosenti, zomwe zimayikidwa pamtunda wa 50-70 cm kuchokera ku chomera.
Ndikofunikira! Zowopsya kwambiri kwa fern ndi mazira a dzuwa, omwe maola angapo amawotcha masamba ndipo amatha kufa maluwa.
Malangizo odzala: kusankha kwa polypodium nthaka
The polypodium fern imakonda malo osungunuka, nthaka yosasunthika yomwe ingagulidwe pa shopu la maluwa kapena wopangidwa ndi wekha. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo nyumba yokonzekera ya gawo lapansi, chifukwa mudzadziwa kuti nthaka ilibe zoipitsa.
Kukonzekera dothi, kusakanikirana kwa khungu la pine makungwa, sphagnum ndi tsamba humus amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'nthaka, koma sizingatheke kuti mupeze zigawo zofunika. Mbali ina ya gawolo imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito dothi la coniferous, tsamba la nthaka, peat, humus nthaka ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2: 1: 1: 1.
Musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito gawo lapansi mu mphika pansi muyenera kuika ngalande ya dongo lochepetsedwa kapena miyala yochepa. Ngakhale kuti nthaka ili ndi madzi abwino, komabe kuchotsedwa kwina kwa chinyezi sikumapweteka.
Zikakhala kuti nthaka silingakonzedwe pakhomo pazifukwa zilizonse, yesetsani kupeza gawo lapadera la ferns kapena epiphytes mu shopu la maluwa. Nthakayi idzakhala ndi zida zonse zofunika kuti pakhale kukula ndi kukula kwa chiweto chanu.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsira ntchito dothi kapena dothi lolemera siletsedwa chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa madzi. Dothi ngatilo limayambitsa mizu yovunda.
Kulowera Polypodium
Kubeleta kunyumba kunyumba ndi chinthu chophweka. Pali njira zitatu zobereketsera: Kusiyanitsa kwa chitsamba, kubalana ndi kuika kapena spores. Pankhani ya kubereka (mbeu), mudzalandira kabuku ka mayi popanda kusiyana.
Kuwonjezereka kwa polypodium pogawa chitsamba
Miphika imagawanitsa panthawi yopatsira. Pambuyo pochotsa mizu pansi, muyenera kumvetsera zazing'ono za rosettes zomwe masamba amakula.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, mbali ya mizu ndi rosette ndipo 2-3 masamba akulekanitsidwa ndi mayi, chomera, kapena chophimba. Ikani odulidwa kuti muwazidwe ndi makala, kuti mupewe kuvunda. M'masiku oyambirira a fern analibe malo ofunda kwambiri. Chomera chachikulu chimafuna nthawi zonse kuthamanga ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyi ndikofunika kupereka kuwala kosavuta. Pofuna "kupha" chitsamba cha mayi, kugawidwa kumachitika kokha ngati pali masamba osachepera asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (5-6) omwe amawongolera masambawa;
Momwe mungafalitsire fressi ya fern
Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti wochulukitsire nkhumba zaperesa kunyumba, monga chomera sichipereka chofunikira chodzala.
Pamene sporangia kumbuyo kumapeto kwa pepalayo imadulidwa, pepala lachitsulo limadulidwa ndikuyikidwa m'thumba lopanda kanthu kuti liume.
Pambuyo pa sabata, pepalayo idzauma ndipo spores idzagwa pansi pa thumba. Nthawi yomweyo ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti kumera kwa zokolola zomwe anazipeza kungakhale pafupi ndi zero, popeza sikutheka kubwereza zinthu zonse zakuthupi pansi pazikhalapo.
Kupuma spores pogwiritsa ntchito "nyumba" wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha. Njerwa imayikidwa mu thanki, peat yayikidwa pamwamba pake ndipo pafupifupi masentimita asanu a madzi osungunuka amathiridwa. Kenaka, spores amaikidwa pa peat (samaikidwa m'manda kapena kuponyedwa) ndikuphimba chidebecho ndi galasi.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchuluka kwa madzi mu chidebe nthawi zonse kumakhala pa msinkhu umodzi.
Mitengo ikafika kutalika kwa masentimita asanu, imadumphira m'miphika yosiyana.
Kukula kwa nyumba ya centipede
Ambiri amadziŵa bwino njira imeneyi. Mosiyana ndi kusiyanitsa chitsamba, kukula kwa fern yatsopano kuchoka pazigawo sikungakhale ndi chiopsezo kwa mbewu ya mayi.
Panthawi yofulumira (kumapeto kwa kasupe - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe), tsamba lakuda la fern liyenera kudulidwa pang'ono pakati, kugwa pansi ndi kuwaza dothi pamalo opangira. Pofuna kuti pepala likhale bwino m'nthaka, limayikidwa ndi waya.
Pa malo a incision ayenera kuoneka mizu. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi madzi okwanira komanso kutsekedwa kwa kuvala pansi pa mayi wa chitsamba.
Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kufufuza pepala kuti mukhale ndi mizu. Chomera chatsopano chikhoza kupatulidwa ndi kholo lokha pokhapokha atapanga mizu yokwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Pazigawo zimatenga masamba amphamvu ndi mtundu wowala popanda kuwonongeka kooneka.
Malamulo a Pulopudium
Kusamalira fern kunyumba kumafuna kutsatira malamulo ena, omwe adzakambidwe mu gawo lino. Mu chilengedwe, polypodium imakula mu nyengo yozizira, ndipo nkofunikira kupanga zofanana zofanana ndi izo mnyumbamo.
Kuthirira Centipede Fern
Fern ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ndi madzi ofewa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a pompopu, koma osatulutsidwa.
Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kumwa madzi mopitirira muyeso kumawopsya mizu. Komabe, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yoyenera, ndipo madzi akumwa pansi pa mphika, zidzakhala zovuta kuti "mudzaze" maluwa.
Imwani madziwo akulimbikitsanso ngati kuyanika kwa pamwamba. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira kuti chiwerengero cha ulimi wothirira chimakula ndi kutentha kwa nyengo. Choncho, nthaka chinyezi chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, duwa liyenera kuthiriridwa mosamala, monga momwe mkati mwa chomeracho imachepetsera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti fernwe imasowa chinyezi pang'ono.
Feteleza wa Fern ndi Kudyetsa
Fern polypodium kuwonjezera pa kuthirira kumafunikira kusamalidwa kwina kunyumba. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa chomera kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi chilimwe, panthawi ya kukula kobiriwira ndi mizu. Zovala zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka, koma ndalamazo ziyenera kukhala zocheperachepera kanayi kusiyana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi. Kutentha pafupi ndi nthaka pakatha masabata awiri. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zonse feteleza (peat, humus, kompositi), ndi zovuta zamchere.
Mukudziwa? Mu mankhwala ochiritsira, polypodium amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a pamtunda wopuwala, rheumatism ndi gout.
Zonse zokhudzana ndi kubzala chipinda cha chipinda
Kusindikiza kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Izi zimachitika makamaka pamene mizu imadzaza mphika wonse kapena kukula kwa fern kumachepetsanso. Kupeza bwino ngati chomera chimafuna kubzala kapena ayi chikhoza kokha mutachotsa mizu.
Timalimbikitsa kubzala ngati rhizome ikukula, chifukwa njira iliyonse yowonjezera imapweteka polypodium. Ngati muli otsimikiza kuti mizu siidakwanira, simukusowa.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamadzaza, mizu yachikasu siikidwanso; iyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Zomwe zimasamalira polypodium
Maluwa a kunyumba (fern) amafuna kuti azitsatira kutentha ndi kutentha kwapamwamba, zomwe ndi mbali yofunikira yosamalira zomera.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kutentha. M'chaka cha chilimwe ndi chilimwe muli ndi kutentha kwa 22-25 ˚C. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira, polypodium hibernates, koma masamba obiriwirawo sagwa. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kumachepetsedwa kufika madigiri 16-18.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kochepa m'nyengo yozizira sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 14 ° C.
Chinyezi ndi chinthu china chimene chimakhudza thanzi la fern. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa zinthu, chinyezi mu chipinda chicheperachepera, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa polypodium boma. Panthawi imeneyi, chomeracho chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku botolo lamadzi ndi madzi osungunuka kutentha. Kuwonjezera pa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mvula yonyowa kapena kudula dothi, limene limasunga chinyezi, limayikidwa pa tray.
Njira yokondweretsa ndiyo kuika duwa mu terrarium, kumene zinthu zabwino zimapangidwa (kuyatsa, kutentha, chinyezi).
Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mphindi yamtunduwu, monga maluwa ambiri, amadwala matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, kotero muyenera kuzindikira matenda a fern m'nthaŵi ndikuchotsa.
Polypodium imakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo "zotchuka" monga nkhanambo ndi kangaude. Mukhoza kumenyana nawo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi kapena mankhwala.
Kangaude mite Mankhwala a arachnids aang'ono, omwe mtundu wake umasiyana ndi wofiira wakuda kuti ukhale wonyezimira. Parasitic pa pafupifupi zomera zonse zapakhomo, kotero matenda a mphika umodzi amaopseza "mliri" ku maluwa onse m'nyumba. Mutha kuona kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala tizilombo ta mdima. Kuwonongedwa ndi njira monga Aktara, Aktellik kapena zofanana. Anthuwo ankapopera gawo la mlengalenga ndi kulowetsedwa kwa peyala ya anyezi ndikupukuta masamba ndi madzi sosa. Mukhozanso kukonza "shower" kwa chiweto chanu. Popeza nthata zimakonda mpweya wouma, mvula yambiri idzawachititsa kuti asiye malo awo.
Shchitovka. Chipwirikiti chosasangalatsa chimene chimayambitsa miyambo yambiri. Ichi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachokera ku banja la hemiptera, lomwe limawoneka ngati ofiira aang'ono kapena a kuwala. Tizilombo timadyetsa zomera zowonjezera, kuzifooketsa. Kuwombera kwa akuluakulu kumachotsedwa mwachitsulo ndi burashi kapena tampon yomwe imadziviika m'madzi a sopo. Pambuyo pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, polypodium imayenera kuchitidwa ndi tizilombo toyendetsa.
Timayambitsa mavuto ena ndi zomera.
- Masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma. Chikhalidwe cha fern chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kusowa kwa kuwala kapena kuchepa. Perekani zizindikiro zonse kuti zikhale zachilendo ndipo zomera zidzachira.
- Mapepala a leaf amafalikira ndipo amawoneka bwino - izi ndizowonjezera kuwala kapena kutentha kwa dzuwa. Chotsani chomera kwa masiku angapo mumthunzi ndipo polypodium idzabwerera ku chizolowezi.
- Masamba amasiyanitsa, kukula kochepa. Chifukwa cha mavuto ngati amenewa ndi chaching'ono kapena mphika waukulu. Komanso vutoli lingakhale kusowa kwa kuvala.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe mungasamalire chipinda cha centipede chipinda. Tsatirani malangizo omwe akufotokozedwa ndipo yesetsani kulipira kwambiri chiweto chanu, monga chomeracho chimakonda kutentha ndi kusamalira.
