Mphesa ku Russia ndizovuta kwambiri kubzala. Mitundu yambiri yoyenera nyengo yozizira yolimba imakhala ndi kukoma kwapakati. Koma pali mitundu ya haibridi yomwe kukoma ndi kukomoka nthawi yachisanu kumakhala kwakukulu. Zophatikiza izi zimaphatikizapo mphesa za Chernysh.
Mbiri ya kulima mphesa kwa Chernysh
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa aronia Chernysh wopezedwa ndi obereketsa VNIIViV iwo. Ya.I. Potapenko. Choberekera pamaziko odutsa Agate Donskoy ndi Rusomol. Imabwereza zomwe Agate Donskoy amagwira motero imawerengedwa ngati mtundu wotukuka.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mbande, kulawa kwabwino komanso zopindulitsa zina, yatchuka pakati pa alimi ambiri avinsi ku Russia.
Chernysh mphesa zosiyanasiyana - kanema
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Black amakonda zabwino ndipo amalimbikitsidwa kuti azidya patebulo. Ikucha msanga - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakula mpaka kukhwima kwathunthu, patatha masiku 115-120.
Pokhala woyambirira, Chernysh wafika kale kumayambiriro kwa Julayi
Tchire limadziwika ndi chiwonetsero chakukula kwapakati, chotsika mu kholo lino Agat Donskoy. Mabasi amakula "wandiweyani", ndikuwonjezereka kwa mphukira (momwe oposa 75% amabala zipatso), omwe amakula bwino pofika nthawi yophukira. Chizindikiro cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndicho kupulumuka kwakadulidwe mpaka kukajambulidwa, komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mizu. Zosiyanasiyana sizifunikira mungu wochokera, chifukwa zimakhala ndi maluwa awiriwa.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mphukira iliyonse ya Chernysh imapatsa maburashi 1.5-2 a mphesa
Akuluakulu a maburashi 1.5-1.8 amapangidwa pachikuto chilichonse cha zipatso. Masango ndi akulu (500-700 g, nthawi zina 1000 g), cylindrical-conical kapena osasinthika. Kapangidwe ka masango ndi wandiweyani. Zipatsozo ndizopindika, m'malo mwake ndizokulirapo - 2.2 ... 2.6 masentimita, yokutidwa ndi khungu loonda la mtundu wamtambo wabuluu kapena wabuluu. Kuguza kumakhala kopanda minofu komanso kukoma koyenera ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono pambuyo pake. Zomwe zili ndi shuga ndizokwera kwambiri - 16-17%, komanso mu madziwo muli 6-9 g / l acid.
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Chernysh imalidwa mofunitsitsa ndi olima mpesa wapakati-Russia, chifukwa mphesa izi zili ndi zabwino zingapo:
- zokolola zambiri (14-15 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba 1);
- kukoma kwabwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola a zipatso;
- kuchiritsa mwachangu ming'alu komwe kumachitika nthaka ikadzala madzi;
- alumali moyo wa zipatso pa tchire;
- m'malo mwake kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri (mpaka -25 ... -26 zaC), kuti tchire nthawi yachisanu bwino ngakhale pogona;
- kukana matenda, makamaka khansa, oidium ndi imvi zowola.
Popeza Chernysh ndi mbadwa ya Agat Donskoy ndipo amawoneka mwamaonekedwe osiyanasiyana, opanga vinyo ambiri amayerekezera mitundu yonseyi ndikuwona zosiyana zabwino za Chernysh:
- Masamba akuda amakhala ndi utoto wambiri ndi wokongola komanso kukoma kosangalatsa koposa;
- nyengo yakukula yifupi, mbewu yakale kale;
- mitengo yambiri ya mizu yodula.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti Chernysh alibe chilichonse cholakwika. Padzuwa, zipatso zimatha kuwotchedwa ndikulephera kuwonetsa. Ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo, zipatsozo zimasweka ndipo ngakhale zimachira popanda kuvunda, maonekedwe a zipatsozo amachepa.
Kubzala ndi kukula malamulo
Pakubzala mphesa, malo oyatsidwa bwino ndi dothi labwino, lotetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, amafunika. Madzi oyandikira pansi sayenera kukhala oyandikira kuposa 1.5m kuchokera pamwamba.
Monga mitundu ina ya mphesa, Chernysh amabzalidwa bwino mu kasupe (Marichi - koyambirira kwa Meyi kum'mwera zigawo, khumi yachiwiri ya Epulo - kumapeto kwa Meyi pakati pa msewu). Popeza Chernysh ilibe chisanu chokwanira, itha kubzalidwe mu nthawi ya kugwa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbande zokhazo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala yophukira, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri, ndipo masabata 3-4 ayenera kutsalira mpaka chisanu.
Pakubzala mu kasupe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kubzala kwa mizu yomwe mumaduladula kapena kumalumikiza pang'onopang'ono.
Kuti katemera akhale wopambana, katundu ayenera kukhala wolimba ndi kansalu kapena tepi yamagetsi kuti athe kuwonetsetsa kuti akumana ndi scion
Zodulidwa zodulidwa kuchokera kumtunda wa mpesawo (maso akuyenera kukhala osachepera 4-5) ndipo theka lachiwiri la February amayikidwa ndi kagawo m'dothi lonyowa kapena mumtsuko wamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, pofika Epulo, kudula kumapereka mizu yokwanira kumuika panthaka.
Zidutswa zoyikika mumtsuko wa dothi lonyowa mwachangu zimaphuka
Dzenje lobzala mphesa liyenera kukonzedwa mu masabata awiri. Kuzama ndi m'lifupi kuyenera kukhala ofanana ndikufanana ndi 0,7 ... 0,8 m. Ndikofunika kuyika dongo la miyala yosweka kapena njerwa yosweka pansi pa dzenje (makamaka pakakhala chinyezi chosasunthika). Pamwamba pake, kuti theka la kuya kwa dzenjelo, kompositi yosakanizika ndi dongo iwonjezedwa ndi 20-30 g ya superphosphate. Kusakaniza kwa michere kumakutidwa ndi dothi loonda.
Mukabzala mphesa, musaiwale kudzaza michere mdzenje - izithandiza chomera kwa zaka 2-3
Mukabzala, chisamaliro chimayenera kuthandizidwa kuti musaphwanye mizu yachinyamata yosalimba. Popeza tapanga ndi kuthirira dziko lapansi mozungulira, ndikofunika kuti muziphimba ndi mulch pofuna kusunga chinyezi nthawi yayitali.
Kubzala mphesa masika - kanema
Njira ina yabwino yofalirira mphesa ndi kuyala. Wolemba mizereyi adatha kufalitsa bwino pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mphesa mwanjira iyi. Ndikofunikira kuti musankhe mphukira yopezeka mosavuta ndikuyikumba pansi ndi dothi, ndipo kuchokera pamwamba ndikanikizani malo omwe anakumbidwawo ndi miyala kapena njerwa. Ndikathirira bwino, mizu idzaonekera mwachangu pa malo omwe anakumbidwa a mpesawo. Basi musathamangire kulekanitsa mbewu ndi chitsamba. Poyesa koyamba kufalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito matalikidwe, wolemba adalakwitsa motere ndipo chilichonse, monga momwe zimawonekera, tchire lodziyimira lidatsala pang'ono kufota.
Mothandizidwa ndi magawo, mutha kupeza masamba angapo a mphesa
Kusamalira mphesa Chernysh
Monga mitundu ina, Chernysh imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba komanso kudulira.
Ngakhale tchire silili lolimba kwambiri pakukula, likufunika kuti lipangidwe kuti likolole bwino. Ndikosavuta kupanga chitsamba cha mphesa momwe zimakupangirani pama trellises amtundu umodzi. Ngati mungafune, mutha kulima mphesa pa chipilala kapena mitundu ingapo yamagawo.
Zothandizira mphesa - chithunzi
- Mpweya wabwino umaperekedwa pa trellis ndi visor kupita ku tchire
- Ngati mphesa sizinakhale zongokolola zokha, komanso zodzikongoletsera, mutha kuzilima pa chipilalachi
- Viomshem imatchedwa kachitidwe kakupendekera kopingasa komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule "chitsamba" cholowera
Dulani mphesa mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Mu April, kudulira kumayenera kupereka katundu wabwinobwino kuthengo. Kwa Chernysh, ndimaso 35-45. Mwachilengedwe, mipesa imadulidwira maso a 6-8, koma kwa Chernysh imaloledwa kuchita kudulira mwachidule (maso a 3-4), popeza mphesa iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi chonde chambiri m'munsi mwa mphukira.
Kusintha Kwa Mphesa - Video
Mu yophukira, ndikofunikira kudula magawo osapsa a mphukira, ndikuchotsanso mphesa zowonjezera. Ngati ndi kotheka, pangani tchire kuti lisinthidwe, sankhani mphukira zakhwima bwino, ndipo mitengo ikuluikulu imadulidwa pansi.
M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kubisa tchire, ngakhale kuti kwawo ndi chisanu. Kuti muchite izi, mumachotsedwa pamathandizo ndikudula mipesa imamangidwa ndikutsitsidwa pansi. Pakutentha, mphukira zimamangidwa ndi udzu, agrofabric, filimu kapena zinthu zina.
Mphesa zokutidwa ndi kanema ndikuwazidwa ndi dziko lapansi nthawi yachisanu popanda mavuto
Kuthirira mphesa ndikofunikira - dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Njira yabwino ndi kuthirira kwa madontho, koma ngati sizingatheke kuikonza, madzi amapatsidwa madzi okwanira malita 50-60 pachitsamba chimodzi nthawi 4-5 pachaka. Zomera zimafunika chinyezi nthawi yamaluwa, maluwa asanakhalepo, mkati mwa mbewu ya ovary, ndikututa. M'dzinja louma, kuthirira kwina kumafunikira - kulipira chinyontho (120 l pa 1 chitsamba), zomwe zimachitika mu Novembala kuti zithandizire nyengo ya mizu.
Madzi sayenera kuthiridwa pansi pa muzu, muyenera kudula mizere ya kuthirira pa mtunda wa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pa tsinde.
Pakupsa, mphesa siziyenera kuthiriridwa - zipatso zimatha kusweka. Zowona, Chernysh ndi wabwino chifukwa zipatso zosweka zimachiritsidwa msanga ndipo sizivunda.
Gulu la kuthirira mphesa pansi pa muzu - kanema
Kudyetsa amakonda mphesa zilizonse. Amafunika kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthilira, ndipo makamaka kukonzekera kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zam'mera. Mbali ya Chernysh ndi njira yapadera yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa potashi. Ma protein a nayitrogeni sayenera kunyamulidwa - amachititsa kukula kwa masamba ndikuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe a ovary. Zachidziwikire, mbewuyo sikhala popanda nitrogen konse, koma pokhazikitsa zokwanira zachilengedwe, kufunikira kwa mphesa m'makanolo a nayitrogeni kumakwaniritsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa kuvala muzu, ndikofunikira kupopera mphesa ndi mayankho a kufufuza zinthu (boron, zinc).
Kudyetsa mphesa - kanema
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Chakuda sichimaperekera ku fungal matenda monga mphutsi, oidium ndi zowola imvi. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuteteza mbewu yanu ku mwayi, muyenera kuchita mankhwala othandizira ndi fungicides (mwachitsanzo, osakaniza a Bordeaux kapena yankho la sulufule).
Kuti muteteze kwa mbalame ndi mavu, ndibwino kuti musawononge nthawi ndi kuyeserera kuti mukulunga burashi iliyonse ndi thumba kapena thumba la nsalu.
Chikwama chomangidwa pamwamba pa burashi chimateteza zipatsozi ku tizirombo
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Mutha kukolola kuchokera ku tchire la Chernysh mu Ogasiti (kumayambiriro kwa mwezi - kumadera otentha, kumapeto kwa mwezi - m'malo ozizira). Maburashi akunyanja amalekerera mayendedwe, makamaka ngati atayikidwa m'mabokosi osaya.
Sikoyenera kuchotsera masango onse kucha; amakhala pachitsamba kwa masabata 3-4 atacha. Masango omwe atengedwa amatha kusungidwa kwa milungu 2-3 mufiriji kapena chipinda chozizira.
Nthawi zambiri, Chernysh amadyedwa mwatsopano, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuti apangire kupanikizana. Chifukwa cha kununkhira zachilendo kwa "mabulosi", mphesa izi zimatulutsa timadziti totsekemera ndi vin.
Mphesa yakuda siyokoma kokha, komanso yokongola kwambiri
Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo
M'chaka choyamba cha zipatso, ma Chernysh osiyanasiyana pamaburashi 26 adapatsa 13 makilogalamu for 2011 lotsatira pa brashi 32 makilogalamu 14. Koma mu 2012, adathamangitsa mipesa yonse - wen. Ndipo kunalibe kukolola. 7kg Ino Chaka chino zinthu zitha kubwereza zokha. Mipesa ndiyakikulu, tsamba limakhala lalikulu, koma mabulashi amamangidwa ang'ono. Kuyambira chaka chatha, adasiya kudyetsa, ndikuganiza kuti chitsamba chija chimachita izi ndikusamalidwa bwino.
Natalia Ivanovna, Uryupinsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2770
Kuchokera pakuwona kwanga, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti: 1. Monga taonera kale, khungu litasweka, ndipo limatha kukangamira ma tchire kwa nthawi yayitali. 2. Lawani. Agate Don ali ndi udzu. Ku Chernysha - koyenera. 3. Mtundu. Agate Donskoy wokhala ndi mtundu wa brownish. Chernysh ali pafupifupi wakuda kwathunthu. 4. Mizu yazodzala ndi malo otseguka. Agatha Donskoi ndi Mediocre, Chernysh ali ndi zokolola za mbande zapamwamba zomwe zili ndi mizu yamphamvu 80 - 95%.
sss64//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2770
Chernysh ndi yemweyo Don Agate, kokha mu mbiri :) Onani kuchuluka kwa acidity pa 17% shuga okhutira - mpaka 9%! Chifukwa chake kulawa mitundu iwiri iyi ndi pafupi kwambiri. Matsenga Achikuda ndi vuto linanso: shuga ndi ma acid ndi 19 ndi 7. Momwemo nthawi yakucha yokha ndiye pambuyo pake. Ndidali wina wopanga vinyo - onse Agat ndi Chernysh amangokhala chete, palibe amene akufuna kudya. Kapena mwina tayamba kupanikizana?
Vladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=1308&view=print
ngakhale kuti kusokonekera ndi kutsika kwa muluwo kudabadwa ku Chernysh, iye samakonda, ndipo ming'aluyo imachiritsa. Chaka chino, makamaka chitsamba chamadzi ambiri m'mene chakhalira pakuyesa- ndinasaka kwa zaka zambiri, koma patatha masiku angapo ming'aluyo idachira. Komanso Chernysh, mosiyana ndi Agatha, ali ndi kuwala kwampangidwe, kosiyanitsa zipatso
Eugene. Chernihiv//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=106708#post106708
Chernysh ndioyenera kulimidwa munjira yapakatikati, monganso nthawi yachilimwe iye amakwanitsa kubzala mbewu, ndipo samawopa chisanu. Mphesa izi ndizosasilira kukula kwazinthu ndipo ndizabwino kwambiri kwa makolo ake Agat Donskoy. Ngakhale zipatso zong'ambika sizoyipa kwenikweni, chifukwa ming'alu imachira msanga.
