Matenda a maluwa - chithandizo ndi kusamalira tizilombo

Maluwa ndi zokongoletsa za dimba lililonse, koma matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zimakhudza kukula kwawo ndi maluwa. Ngati zinthu sizinatenge nthawi, mbewuzo zitha kufa.

Matenda a maluwa: momwe mungawachiritsire

Monga chomera chilichonse chomwe chimalimidwa, maluwa a m'munda amatengeka ndi matenda. Pewani zovuta za tizirombo. Koma musaganize mopepuka. Vuto limayamba maluwa atagwa. Zitha kukhala nyengo zoyipa. Koma, monga lamulo, zinthu zovuta ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Tizilombo zazikulu:

• zovala.
• mkuwa;
• scoop;
• wopatsa thanzi ndi ena.

Maluwa monga chokongoletsera kanyumba chilimwe

Kukwirira kwambiri kutentha kunja kumayambitsa tizirombo kubala. Kutentha kwambiri kwachilengedwe kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a fungus.

Ngati mungasankhe malo olakwika obzala, padzakhala matenda a maluwa ndipo chithandizo chake chidzafunika nthawi yomweyo:

• Gray zowola. Mu nyengo yonyowa, imafalikira msanga ku maluwa. Ndipo poganizira kubzala kwakuchulukirapo, pali malo ochepa pakati pa maluwawo kotero kuti chinyezi sichikhala ndi nthawi yoti chikamasuke. Dziko lapansi limauma kwakanthawi mvula itagwa.
• Mawanga akuda. Imakhala yonyowa komanso nyengo yabwino, pomwe masamba ake sauma kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Powdery mildew imakonda kutentha. Amadziwika ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera kum'mwera kwa dimba.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri, mitundu ndi mafotokozedwe a matenda

Pali matenda ambiri a maluwa a maluwa ndipo onse amawachira mosiyanasiyana. Kuti muteteze mbewu komanso kupewa kufa kwake, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino zomwe zikuchitika. Ndikofunika kuganizira za matenda wamba ndi tizirombo ta maluwa, chifukwa chake amawonekera ndi momwe angawathandizire.

Fungal

Ngati pepala loyera likuwoneka pa masamba achichepere, mphukira ngakhale masamba, ndiye ndikofunikira kulimbana ndi powdery mildew. Masamba akuyamba kukula. Kupindika kumawonekera.

Powdery mildew (cercosporosis) - mycelium, bowa wobala msana. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni komanso kusowa kwa calcium munthaka. Dziko lapansi limangowuma. Mchenga wamitundu yamdothi komanso yozizira imakhudzidwa.

Powdery mildew imawoneka ngati mawanga oyera pamera masamba

Cytosporosis amatanthauza matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amayambitsa kuyanika kwa nthambi zamodzi ndi kufa kwathunthu kwa duwa. Zimatsutsa tchire lomwe layamba kufooka pambuyo pa kuzizira, chilala, kutentha kwa dzuwa, zosayenera komanso kudulira kwadzidzidzi.

Cytosporosis imatha kudzetsa chitsamba

Kuti muteteze mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti mutetezeke kuzowonongeka kwa mawotchi ndi zina. Onjezani mphamvu ya maluwa. Manyowa panthaka, onetsetsani kuti kuthirira koyenera, kudulira panthawi yake, kutetezani ku mphepo ndi chisanu. Zomera zina zodwala zomwe zimadulidwa zimadulidwa ndikugwidwa kwa 50 mm.

Dera loyera (septoria) ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amakhudza mbewu zomwe zimabzala, zokongoletsera komanso zamtchire. Poyamba lalanje lakuda, mawanga a bulauni amawoneka ochepa. Kenako kusintha kwamtundu kumachitika. Amakhala owala pakati. Otsutsa amakhala amdima.

Njira zabwino zothanirana ndi matendawa ndi njira zodzitetezera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zomera zotsalira zizisonkhanitsidwa ndikutayidwa. Mosakhalitsa chotsani masamba omwe akhudzidwa. Chitani prophylactic mankhwala achisamba pokonzekera matenda oyamba ndi fungus, omwe amalola kuwonjezera chitetezo cha mbewu ku septoria.

Maluwa a dzimbiri

Iwo likukhalira kuti maluwa amatha dzimbiri. Dzimbiri ndi matenda a fungal omwe amatha kubweretsedwa m'mundamu m'njira zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zimabwera ndi zinthu zatsopano zobzala. Kukwera kwamaluwa kwamaluwa kumakhala kosavuta. Imapezeka mu dothi lolemera komanso lonyowa.

Zomera zosiyanasiyana zimatha kudwala. Madontho a dzimbiri amawonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba. Popita nthawi, zimakhala zakuda. Akuwombera kuti agonere. Udzu umasanduka chikaso ndikugwa. Rose yayamba kutulutsa. Ngati njira zochiritsira sizingatenge nthawi, chitsamba chidzafa. Matenda amafalikira m'mundamu wonse.

Dzimbiri limawoneka ngati mawanga a bulauni kumbuyo kwa masamba

Zovunda

Rot ndi chotupa chotupa chomwe chimadziwoneka chokha nyengo yayitali ya mvula. Kuchepa ndi kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuwonekera kwa malo ang'onoang'ono akuda patsinde la tsinde. Amadziwika ndi kufalikira mwachangu mmera wonsewo. Masamba amasanduka achikasu. Zochitikazo ndi zolengeza.

Momwe mungachitire ndi mawanga akuda pa maluwa:

1. Popeza tawona chizindikiro choyamba cha kuvunda kwa mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse mbali zowonongeka za mbewu.
2. Kuthandiza rose ndi mankhwala apadera okhala ndi mancozeb ndi triazole. Sabata yoyamba, mankhwala okhala ndi mancozeb amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo lachiwiri ndi triazole. Kumwaza kumachitika usiku, kupatula kukhalapo kwa mame pa masamba.

Gray rot (nkhungu) pa maluwa kapena botritis ndimatenda oyamba omwe amakhudza mbewu kuyambira kumtunda kupita pansi. Amanyamulidwa ndi mafunde a mphepo, mvula, nyama, tizilombo ndi mbalame.

Gray zowola zimakhudza minofu yazomera zowonongeka

Bacteria

Khansa yokhala ndi bakiteriya ndi chophukira pakhosi ndi mizu ya chitsamba. Amatha kufika 30 mm mulifupi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ngati maluwa akudwala matendawa.

Kuwonongeka, kukula kumasintha mtundu kuchokera ku imvi kukhala bulauni. Pafupipafupi, zotupa zimagwirizana ndi gawo la mlengalenga, nthambi ndi nthambi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso zotupa zimatuluka.

Khansa ya bakiteriya mu tchire la rose imawonetsedwa ngati zophukira, mafupa ndi zotupa.

Matendawa amakula m'malo otentha, feteleza wonyansa kwambiri.

Pakusintha, mizu yowonongeka ndi mabakiteriya imachotsedwa, zophuka zimadulidwa. Mizu imamizidwa mu yankho limodzi la mkuwa sulfate. Pambuyo pa mphindi 5, duwa limachotsedwa. Mizu imatsukidwa m'madzi. Viyikani dongo loumbika.

Viral

Ma virus ndi majeremusi omwe sangachulukane popanda kukhala ndi foni. Kamodzi pamapangidwe a chomera, pamapeto pake adamumenya. Maselo adzawonongedwa. Palibe chipulumutso. Ndikosatheka kuchotsa kachilomboka. Rose adzafa naye. Monga njira, kudulira matenda ophukira. Ngati kachilomboka kamafalikira pachitsamba chonse, pali mwayi wowapulumutsa. Nthawi zina, ndikofunikira kuwononga ndi kutaya chomera chodwalacho kuti matenda asafalikire.

Mose wa maluwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimawonekera pambuyo pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha, chilala. Nthawi zina mawonekedwe sawonekera konse.

Kutsimikiza ndendende kachilomboka kumatheka pokhapokha mutayang'ananso zinthuzo ndi maikulosikopu. Njira yayikulu yodziwitsira matenda: kuwunika ndi kufananizira zizindikiro.

Kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa chisonyezo: zojambula ndi mawanga osakhazikika, mizere yolumikizira masamba

Necrosis wa kotekisi

Vuto lazomera zamtchire, kuphatikiza ndi coniferous, chifukwa cha bowa. Zimasiyanasiyana mdera lomwe kufa kwa makungwa a zitsamba ndi nthambi za duwa. Zilonda zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe. Amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi chomera chathanzi. Mitundu yapadera imatha kuwoneka ngati stroma kapena sporulation.

Mankhwala a maluwa a maluwa:

Fungicides ndi zinthu zamankhwala kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zimatha kuchiritsa mbewu ku matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala:

• organic
• zachilengedwe.

Ubwino wa kusankha koyamba ndikuti amawola ndipo alibe zitsulo. Njira yothetsera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa imachitika mophweka: mankhwalawa amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi mulingo woyenera. Malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe amakulolani kuchiritsa maluwa popanda chemistry. Ma infusions a mullein, phulusa la nkhuni, koloko wophika, sopo, potaziyamu permanganate, Whey, adyo ndi thandizo lina zambiri. Maphikidwe osiyanasiyana amathandiza kulimbana ndi tizilombo. Mtundu wa chochitikacho chimatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga maluwa.

Kuyang'anira tizilombo

M'mundamo, tizirombo tambiri titha kupatsirana tizirombo tina, tomwe tikamenya mbewu, timayambitsa matenda ndi kufa. Kupulumutsa mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite zinthu zowononga nthawi.

Green aphid

Imagunda tchire lodzuka ndi m'chiuno. Amawonekera poyera komanso m'miphika. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda n'lalikulu. Mtundu wobiriwira.

Chapakatikati, nthawi yachisanu ikayamba kutentha, mphutsi zimatuluka mazira. Awa ndi akazi opanda mapiko. Mwana wotsatira yekha ndiye adzakhala ndi mapiko. Imatha kuuluka kwa mbewu zina, ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano.

Mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba nthawi zambiri zimadabwitsidwa. Mfuti zimasokonekera. Maluwa samatsegula konse.

Ma aphid obiriwira amabweretsa mphukira ndi masamba okwera maluwa, kuteteza kuti izi zisaphuke

Kuchiritsa ndikuteteza chomera ku tizilombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula mankhwala apadera. Ngati ndi kotheka, chitsamba chimakonzedwa pakatha theka la mwezi mpaka nsabwe za m'masamba zitatha.

Spider mite

Tizilomboti tili ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono - pafupifupi 0.5 mm. Zitha kuwonekera kokha kudzera pa kukulitsa. Zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zomera zakunyumba ndi zam'munda. Chimadya pamaselo a maluwa, kumwa msuzi wawo. Zimapangitsa kuvulaza kwamtundu wa rose.

Mutha kuthana ndi tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito antiparasitic mankhwala:

• Fitoverm;
• Zochita;
• Neoron
• Actellik;
• Fufanon.

Chithandizo choyamba chimapha akuluakulu. Mazira amakhala. Kumwaza kumachitika kwa mwezi umodzi kuti awononge tizirombo tonse. Kuthirira mbewu kumachitidwa koyambirira.

Rose wozungulira

Kukula kwa tizilombo 3,5 mm. Mawonekedwe a Oblong. Mtundu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira. Amadyetsa zakudya zamadzi amoyo. Omnivore. Ndikosavuta kuchotsa tizilombo chifukwa chakuyenda. Atazindikira zoopsa, adumpha kuchokera pachitsamba china kupita kwina.

Kulimbana ndi tizilombo ndizovuta. Mukugwa, kudula mitengo ndi tchire mwaukhondo kumachitika. Masamba adagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha kukhala ndi mphutsi za zozungulira. Mu kasupe, kukonza kumachitika ndi zida zapadera.

Rosanna cicadas ndi tizilombo tosangalatsa tomwe timadya osati maluwa okha

Rose sawfly ndi njuchi wodula masamba

Kunja amafanana ndi mavu ochepa. Ngozi ya maluwa aang'ono. Tizilombo timayikira mazira ofanana ndi mbozi. Mutha kuthana nawo pamanja posonkhanitsa tizilombo. Ngati pali ambiri a iwo, chithandizo cha tchire ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo chimachitika.

Njuchi yodula masamba ili ngati njuchi. Tizilombo timadula masamba tikudya. Kuti muwachotse, muyenera kuwononga namsongole wamaluwa yemwe amakopa njuchi zodulira masamba.

Beetles pa maluwa, nsalu ndi bronze

Weevils ndi bronzovka amadya usiku, masana amabisala. Mphutsi zawo zili pansi. Amadya mizu ya maluwa. Akuluakulu amakhala pamaluwa pawokha. Mankhwala opha tizirombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo. Ngakhale kafadala amatha kusonkhana ndi dzanja. Akuluakulu mokwanira.

Nutcracker ndi scoop

Walnut mitundu ukufalikira pa mbewu, mpaka 50 mm. Amachotsedwa kokha ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo cha mankhwala, kulimbana kwamakina kukuchitika. Dulani madera omwe ali ndi matenda.

Scoop amadya usiku. Nthawi zambiri timangowona zochitika za moyo wake. Pankhondo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Osawopa matenda ndi tizilombo zomwe zimakhudza maluwa. Ndikofunika kuwona vutoli munthawi ndikuchita njira kuti muthane nalo.