Tsuga ndi mtundu wa mitengo yobiriwira yonse ya banja la Pine (iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi pseudotsuga thyssolate). Dziko lakwawo ndi dziko la North America ndi East Asia. Kutalika kwa mitengoyo kumayambira pa 5-6 m mpaka 25-30 m. Kukula kwakukulu pa 75 m kunalembedwa Kumpoto kwa Tsugi.
Chomera chimagwira bwino ntchito yosamalira chilengedwe. Izi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera wamaluwa. Mitundu yawo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokongoletsera ndi malonda opangira nkhuni.
Makhalidwe
Singano za chomera, ngakhale nthambi imodzi, zimatha kutalika kutalika. Malekezero a mphukira amakongoletsedwa ndi ma convo ang'ono a ovoid. Tsuga ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Kukula kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya komanso kuuma. Kutha kwa nyengo kukukula kumawonedwa mu June.
Mtengo wa mbande za Tsugi umachokera ku ruble 800-1200. Zomera zazikulu kwambiri ndizodula kuposa mbande.
Mitundu ya Tsugi
Mpaka pano, mitundu 14 mpaka 18 yazomera imadziwika. Tsugi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Waku Canada | Ndiwokongola komanso wosiyanasiyana. Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. Imapezeka paliponse pakatikati. Kwawo - madera akum'mawa a North America. Ndiosavomerezeka, sikhala dothi komanso chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri amagawika m'migulu ingapo yam'munsi. Kutalika kumatha kufika 25 ± 5 m, ndipo thunthu mulifupi ndi 1 ± 0.5 m.Poyamba, khungwa limakhala lofiirira komanso losalala. Popita nthawi, imakomoka ndipo imayamba exfoliate. Ili ndi korona yapamwamba kwambiri monga piramidi yokhala ndi nthambi zoyenda. Nthambi zazing'ono zimapachika ngati khola. Singano ndi yonyezimira kutalika kwa 9-15 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 2 mm, pamwamba - kumtunda ndi kuzungulira m'munsi. Pamwamba pali mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, mizere 2 yoyera. Zingwe ndi zofiirira, ovate 2-2.5 cm kutalika ndi 1-1,5 cm mulifupi, kutsitsidwa pang'ono. Mamba yophimba ndi yofupikirapo kuposa mbewu. Mbewu ndi zofiirira, zipsa mu Okutobala. Mbewu ≈4 mm kutalika. Mitundu yokongoletsera imasiyanasiyana pamtundu wa chizolowezi ndi mtundu wa singano. |
| Zopanda | Kufikira mamilimita 20. Japan imadziwika kuti kwawo ndi kwawo. Imakula pa 800 mpaka 80000 pamadzi. Ili ndi singano zowala, sizimazindikira nthaka. Impso ndizochepa pozungulira. Masingano ali ndi mawonekedwe a mzere-oblong mawonekedwe ≈1 ± 0,5 masentimita ndi kutalika pafupifupi 3-4 mm. Mitambo imakhala yozungulira, imakhala pansi, mpaka 2 cm. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. |
| Karolinskaya | Imapezeka kum'mawa kwa North America bara kumapiri, mapiri, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi korona wakuda, wandiweyani, khungwa la bulauni, wovekedwa ndi mphukira zoonda ndi pubescence wonenepa. Kutalika kumatha kupitirira mamita 15. Mfuti zimaphatikiza mitundu, kuwala, chikaso komanso bulauni. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda pansi pake ndi mizere iwiri yoyera. Kutalika kwa singano kuli pafupifupi 11-14 mm. Zingwe ndizowoneka zofiirira mpaka 3.5 cm. Imakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa nyengo yozizira kuphatikiza ndi msewu wapakati. Mthunzi wololera. Ndimakonda kuthirira pang'ono komanso nthaka yachonde. |
| Azungu | Chimabwera kuchokera kumpoto kwa America, ndi mitundu yokongoletsa koposa. Mitengo imadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu, kukana kwambiri kwa chisanu. Kutalika kwake kumafika mamita 60. Makungwa ake ndi okuda, ofiira. Masamba ndi ang'ono, fluffy, ozungulira. Zingwe ndizosachedwa, kupendekeka, mpaka 2,5 cm. Nthawi yotentha, mitundu yake yaing'ono nthawi zambiri imakulidwa, yomwe imayenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu. |
| Wachichaina | Amachokera ku China. Ili ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa, korona wokongola wofanana ndi piramidi mawonekedwe, ndi singano zowala. Amakhala bwino m'malo otentha komanso otentha. |
| Himalayan | Chimakhala m mapiri a Himalaya pamtunda wa 2500-3500 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Mtengowo umakhala wamtali ndi nthambi zotambalala ndi nthambi zopindika. Mphukira ndi zofiirira, impso zimazunguliridwa. Singano ndi wandiweyani 20-25 mm kutalika. Mitambo ndi sessile, ovoid, 20-25 mm kutalika. |
Mitundu yotchuka ya Tsugi pakukula ku Russia
Pakati pazitunda zapakati, Tsuga wa ku Canada akumva bwino. Mitundu yoposa 60 imadziwika, koma zotsatirazi ndizofala kwambiri ku Russia:
| Gulu | Feature |
| Variegata | Chowoneka mosiyana ndi mitunduyi ndi singano zokongola za siliva. |
| Aurea | Amadziwika ndi malekezero agolide a mphukira. Kutalika kumatha kufika 9 m. |
| Globalbose | Fomu yokongoletsera yokhala ndi korona yofanana ndi mpira ndikukhota, yopindika, nthawi zambiri imapachika nthambi. |
| Jeddeloch (eddeloch) | Kapangidwe kakang'ono ndi korona wandiweyani, nthambi zazifupi komanso zofowoka. Makungwa a mphukira ndi utoto-wotuwa, singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda. |
| Pendula | Mtengo wamitengo yambiri mpaka 3,8 m kutalika ndi korona wokulira. Nthambi za mafupa zimakhazikika. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda komanso zobiriwira. Amakula ngati chomera chodziyimira pawokha kapena kumalumikizidwa pa muyezo. |
| Nana | Imafikira kutalika kwa 1-2 m. Ili ndi korona wokongola wozungulira. Singano ndi yosalala komanso yonyezimira. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda, mphukira zazing'ono zowoneka bwino zobiriwira zimakonzedwa mozungulira. Nthambi ndi zazifupi, zowonetsera, ndikuyang'ana pansi. Zomera sizingagwirizane ndi chisanu, chomata mwachikondi, ndimakonda mchenga wonyowa kapena dongo. Singano mpaka 2 cm kutalika ndi ≈1 mm mulifupi. Zosiyanasiyana zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Chalangizidwa kukongoletsa malo amiyala. |
| Bennett | Kufikira 1.5m kutalika, kolona ndi korona wooneka ngati fani wokhala ndi singano zokutira mpaka 1 cm. |
| Miniti | Fomu yokhala ndi korona wokulirapo komanso m'lifupi mwake kuposa masentimita 50. Kutalika kwa mphukira zapachaka sikupita masentimita 1. Kutalika kwa singano ndi 8 ± 2 mm, m'lifupi ndi 1-1,5 mm. Pamwambapa - wobiriwira wakuda, pansipa - wokhala ndi ngalande zoyera za stomatal. |
| Iceberg | Kutalika mpaka 1 m, ili ndi korona wa piramidi lotseguka ndi nthambi zopindika. Masingano a singano, abuluu amdima wobiriwira ndi fumbi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizovomerezeka mthunzi, zimakonda nthaka yonyowa, yachonde komanso yopanda chonde. |
| Gracilis | Singano zakuda. Kutalika, kumatha kufika 2,5 m. |
| Prostrata | Zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, mpaka 1 m mulifupi. |
| Minima | Chomera chokhazikika bwino mpaka 30 cm wamtali wokhala ndi nthambi zazifupi ndi singano zazing'ono. |
| Kasupe | Mitundu yosasinthika ili mpaka ma 1.5 m. Kupadera kwake ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino korona. |
| Matalala achilimwe | Kuwona kwachilendo kwa tsuga mpaka 1.5 m kutalika ndi mphukira zazing'ono yokutidwa ndi singano yoyera. |
| Albospicata | Mitengo yomwe imamera pang'ono mpaka 3 m.Malekezero a mphukira ndi oyera chikasu. Singano pakuwoneka zachikasu, ndi utoto wonyezimira wonyezimira. |
| Sargenti | Tsugi zosiyanasiyana mpaka 4.5 m. |
| Golide Watsopano | Mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana amafanana ndi mitundu ya Aurea. Ma singano ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi utoto wachikasu wagolide. |
| Macrophile | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitengo yokhala ndi korona wamkulu ndi singano zazikulu imafikira 24 m. |
| Microfila | Chomera chokongola komanso chosalala. Singano ndi 5mm kutalika ndi 1 mm mulifupi. Ngalande zam'mimba ndizobiriwira. |
| Ammerland | Masingano obiriwira owala pamodzi ndi malangizo a nthambi yolimbana ndi maziko a singano zobiriwira zakuda ndizokongoletsera pamalowo. Kutalika sikamapitirira mita 1. Korona amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a bowa: nthambi zazing'ono zimamera mopingasa, nthambi zachikulire nthawi zambiri zimatsamira. |
| Zovala zoyera | Chomera chochepa kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a keglevidnoy. Masingano kumapeto kwa masika komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe ndi choyera ndi chizolowezi chobiriwira pang'onopang'ono. |
| Parviflora | Fomu yabwino kwambiri yamtundu. Brown akuwombera. Singano mpaka 4-5 mm kutalika. Ngalande zam'mimba ndizosazindikirika. |
Zofunikira pakufika
Pazifukwa zodzala, mbande mumbale zimasankhidwa. Kutalika kwawo komwe kumalimbikitsa kuli mpaka 50 cm, zaka zimakhala mpaka zaka 8, ndipo nthambi ziyenera kubiriwira. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mizu ikuwoneka yathanzi ndikumera, osagwetsedwa mizu, momwe imafalikira padziko lapansi.
Njira zopangira
Kumalo okulira, osasalala, opanda mitambo, oyera malo abwino. Mulingo woyenera ndi nthaka yatsopano, yonyowa, yaudongo, yotseguka bwino nthaka. Masabata awiri oyambilira a Meyi, Ogasiti, amadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kukafika. Kuya kwa dzenje kubzala kuyenera kukhala kosachepera kawiri kutalika kwa mizu ya mmera. Optimum - osachepera 70 cm.
Chiwembu chawoneka chonchi:
- Kuonetsetsa kuti ngalande zabwino, pansi pa dzenje ndimakutidwa ndi mchenga wokhala ndi masentimita 15. Mchenga umasambitsidwa ndikutsukidwa.
- Dzenjelo limadzaza dothi losakanizika ndi dothi, dothi lamasamba ndi mchenga poyerekeza 2: 1: 2. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito kompositi ndi dothi lamtchire mu 1: 1.
- Wopopera ndi dothi lonyowa limatsitsidwa mu dzenje.
- Mizu imakonkhedwa ndi dothi, osakhudza gawo losintha mizu mu thunthu.
- Thirirani mbande zambiri (pafupifupi malita 10 a madzi pabowo) ndikulowetsa nthaka ndi miyala, makungwa kapena tchipisi.
Pakumanga kwa magulu, mtunda pakati pa maenje amatengedwa. Nthawi zambiri, ziyenera kukhala 1.5-2.0 m.
M'miyezi 24 yoyambirira, mbande zimakutidwa ndi mphepo, sizinakhazikika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwamizu. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimatengera chisanu kwambiri kuposa anzawo amphamvu.
Chisamaliro
Kuti mukule ndikukula, tsuge imafunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi pa madzi ≈10 l pa sabata kwa 1 m². Kamodzi pamwezi, kupopera chisoti korona ndikothandiza. Zomera zizidyetsedwa m'dzinja ndi masika, osagwiritsa ntchito 200 g ya kompositi pa malita 10 a madzi.
Tsuga amakonda feteleza wa phosphate ndi potashi, koma salekerera nayitrogeni.
Nthambi zakukhudza pansi kuti zisawononge tikulimbikitsidwa kudula. Kutsegula bwino kumachitika ndikulimba kwamtunda kosaposa 10 cm.
Kusamalira Tsuga m'matawuni ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Isanayambike nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce kapena peat. Chipale chofewa chimafunikira kutaya kunja kuti nthambi zisasweke.
Mbewu za Tsugi ndi kufalikira kwa masamba
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika:
- Mbewu. Amatuluka patatha miyezi 3-4 atalowetsa dothi kutentha kutentha kwa + 3 ... +5 ° C.
- Kudula. Kudula kumapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi chilimwe, kudula nthambi. Zomera zimatheka ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso dothi labwino.
- Kuyika. Gwiritsani ntchito mphukira yomwe yagona pansi. Ndi kulumikizana ndi dothi komanso kuthilira nthawi zonse, kuzika kwawo kumachitika mkati mwa zaka ziwiri. Pofalitsa mwa kugawa, tsuga samasunga korona nthawi zonse.
Matenda a Tsugu ndi tizirombo
Kangaudeyu ndi mdani wamkulu wa Canada Tsugi. M'pofunika kudula mphukira yomwe ili ndi kachilombo, komanso musaiwale kutsuka mtengo wonse. Ngati ndi kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito ma acaricides ndikololedwa.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo tambiri, ndi njenjete amathanso kukhala owopsa.
A Dachnik adalangiza: Tsuga m'mapangidwe
M'mapangidwe, Tsuga imawoneka bwino kuphatikiza mitengo yowoneka bwino ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi masamba opepuka. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ma symmetrical, komanso pagulu (mu mawonekedwe a alleys) komanso ikamatera kwayekha. Mitengo yayitali nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati linga.
Tsuga imalekerera kudulira bwino. Kutchuka kodziwika ndi mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imagwa yoyenera minda yamiyala. Kufunika kwa chinyezi cholimbitsa kumalola mbewu kuti ikongoletse maiwe. Korona wakuda amateteza mbewu zokhwima kuti zisawotche, kuzilola kuti zikule bwino, ndipo kukula pang'onopang'ono ndi mwayi wofunikira pakupanga mawonekedwe.
