Kubereka kwa mphesa mothandizidwa ndi cuttings (chubukov) kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kopindulitsa kuti pakali pano chomera chatsopano chidzakhala chithunzi cha mayi a chitsamba. Zotsatira izi zimangoperekedwa kokha pamene mphesa zimafalitsidwa mu zomera, koma zikafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, izi sizingatheke. Choncho, kwa wamaluwa ambiri, nkhani ya kukolola ndi kusungira mphesa za mphesa m'nyengo yozizira imakhala yofulumira.
Nthawi yoyamba kukolola
Nthawi yabwino yokolola mphesa yamadontho ndi yophukira. Ndipo kudula mbande pamaso pa isanayambike woyamba chidwi frosts.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kutentha kumadutsa pansi pa 5 ° C, kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'mitengo ya mpesa kumachepa kwambiri, motero ndibwino kuti mukolole chubuki musanafike mphindi ino, kotero kuti mbande ndizolemera kwambiri ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kuti zikule m'tsogolo.N'zovuta kufotokoza masiku enieni, popeza m'madera osiyanasiyana nthawi yoyamba yozizira siyomweyo. Mfundo yaikulu ya kukonzekera kwa mipesa yokolola m'nyengo yozizira ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati masamba akugwa m'dzinja. M'madera ambiri, izi zimapezeka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September kapena kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Komabe, kumpoto kwa tsamba kugwa sikuli konse - kumakhala kozizira kale kwambiri, ndipo mitengo sizingakhale ndi nthawi yosiya masamba asanayambe chisanu.
Kukolola mphesa kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yophukira. Kuti musaphonye nthawi yofunikira pokonzekera chubukov, ndibwino kuti muziganizira za nyengo zomwe zikuchitika m'deralo ndikuyang'ana momwe nyengo ikuyendera komanso njira zowonongeka.Phunzirani momwe mungamere mphesa cuttings mu kugwa.
Zimaloledwa kudula masamba asanafike woyamba wa December frosts - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kutentha sikugwa pansipa -10 ° C. Pachifukwa ichi, mpesa alibebe nthawi yowonongeka ndi zakudya zokha, komabe zidzakhalanso zovuta pa kutentha.
Nthaŵi ya ulamuliro wotentha wotere m'madera osiyana akhoza kusiyana, choncho m'pofunika kulingalira zenizeni za nyengo yake. Komabe, mwamsanga mutadula cuttings, mumakhala ndi masamba ambiri. Maso amatha kutentha kwambiri ndipo amawonongeka mosavuta ndi chisanu. Choncho, ngati simukukhazikitsa cholinga kuti muumitse mpesa, ndi bwino kukonzekera mphukira pamene kutentha kuli pakati pa 5 ° C mpaka 0 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kudula mphukira za kufalikira kwa mphesa, kuyambira kuyambira masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa Oktoba ndikutha kumayambiriro kwa December - Kuchokera nthawi yomwe kutentha kumatsikira ku 5 ° C, koma sikukhala pansi -10 ° C.
Mmene mungasankhire cuttings kuti kudula
Dulani zidutswa zomwe zimapangidwa pa mpesa wabwino. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala champhamvu kwambiri komanso champhamvu. Ngati pali zochepa zochepa za matenda kapena tizirombo pa mphukira, chitsamba ichi sichiyenera kubereka.
VIDEO: KODI NDI CHIYANI CHOKHUDZA ZINTHU ZOKHALA? Sankhani pasadakhale tchire limene mukufuna kufalitsa. Sankhani pa zosiyanasiyana, onetsetsani kuti zokolola za mbeu ndi thanzi labwino. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa autumn mungathe kudzilemba nokha zitsamba zomwe zimakusangalatsani, kotero kuti padzakhalanso chisokonezo.
Dziwani zochitika za kubzala mphesa mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja.
Pakuti kudula chubukov abwino yekha yakucha gawo la mpesa. Onetsetsani kuti mphukira ya kukula ndi yosavuta, chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa nthambi zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira ndizokwanira kale:
- Mphukira zokhwima zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa udzu, pamene ziwalo zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nsalu zobiriwira;
- pa mbali yakucha, makungwa ndi olimba ndi ovuta;
- mphukira zobiriwira ndi zobiriwira zimasiyana kwambiri ndi kutentha kwawo nthawi iliyonse ya chaka - zobiriwira zimakhala zozizira kwambiri nthawi zonse, ndipo zophika zimakhala zotentha nthawi zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Mphesa wokhwima ukhoza kukhala woyenera kufalitsa zomera kuchokera mu msinkhu wa zaka chimodzi.Koma chomwe sichili choyenera kumtumikizanitsa:
- osati mpesa wokoma ndi wochepa;
- mtengo wochuluka kwambiri, wonenepa;
- mphukira zazing'ono;
- zomera zomwe zowonongeka ndi bowa ndi tizirombo;
- Akuwombera omwe ali ochepa kwambiri, kapena mosiyana - internodes kwambiri;
- zitsamba zosabereka komanso zopanda kanthu.
VIDEO: KUKONZEKERA NJIRA YA TRAILS Malamulo oyenerera omwe ayenera kumakumana ndi ana a mphesa:
- chokolola chochuluka cha chomera chosankhidwa, thanzi lake ndi kukhwima;
- Kukula kwa Chubuk kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 1 masentimita awiri;
- zabwino kwambiri, ngati mphukira zili ndi 5 mpaka 7-8 internodes, ngakhale ena amagwiritsa ntchito 3-4 masamba m'litali - komabe, owonjezera internally, mwayi waukulu wa mbewu kuti kukula bwino;
- Chubuk anapanga kuchokera pakati pa nthambi, kuyambira pa diso lachinayi.
Mukudziwa? Njira yokondweretsa kuyesa mtengo wa mpesa: mayesero angagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a 1% a ayodini. Ngati mdulidwe wa mphukira umalowetsedweratu, ndiye kuti osakanikira amatha kukhala wobiriwira maluwa, koma akakhala ndi masamba okhwima amatha kukhala wakuda ndi wofiirira.Malangizo ena a kusankha kosakanikirana ndi malo omwe amakhala nawo pafupi ndi dzuwa. Iwo amazindikira kuti zomera zomwe zinakula pa dzuwa, ndiye kupereka ana amphamvu kwambiri. Koma chubuk ndi mpesa ukukula mumthunzi, ndiye zimere bwino ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.
Momwe mungadulire
Pofuna kudula mphesa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo ofunikira:
- pruner, yomwe idzadulidwa, iyenera kukhala yoyera ndi yotetezedwa mwachitsulo;
- Gawo lapakati la nthambi likudulidwa ndi 3-4 kapena 6-8 internodes;
- kudula kumunsi kumapangidwa mwamsanga pansi pa nsonga, ndipo chapamwamba kudula kumapangidwa pafupifupi pakati pakati pa malo;
- Chubuki amafunika kutsukidwa kwathunthu kuchoka ku masamba, mapiritsi ndi mapazi;
- Mbande ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi kusinthidwa musanayambe kusungirako;
- timadontho timene timagulu timene timagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yochepa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono;
- matumba amangiriridwa ndi twine kapena waya ndipo amaperekedwa ndi malemba ndi zofunikira zofunika.
Kawirikawiri, mitengo yoyamba pafupi ndi mipesa imakula mosavuta, kotero kudula koyamba kumapangidwe pamwamba (pafupi ndi tendril kapena kumene masango anali)Ndikofunikira! Lembani pamapangidwe sayenera kupanga mapepala, chifukwa pepala likhoza kuyambitsa zowola ndi nkhungu kufalitsa pa mphukira. Ndi bwino kusankha ma labelle kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe sizingatheke chifukwa cha chinyezi. - zojambula, pulasitiki, zitsulo.
Kudzitetezera
Pamaso amphesa a chubuk amatha kusungiramo m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ayenera kupititsa patsogolo.
Ndikofunika kuti tizidulidwe timadzaza ndi chinyontho chisanafike nthawi ya hibernation, ndiye kuti zidzakula bwino. Kuti muchite izi, dulani nthambi kuti zigwetse muchitsime cha madzi ndikuzisiya kuti ziime monga choncho kwa tsiku.
Kenaka kutsekula kwa chubuk kumachitika, popeza pakhoza kukhala mabakiteriya ambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa mphukira. Ngati simumachiza mavitamini, tizilombo tonse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungathe kukonza njira yothetsera potassium permanganate, makamaka mtundu waukulu wa pinki. Mitengoyi imadonthozedwa kwa theka la ola limodzi mu njirayi, kenako imauma.
Koma njira yotchuka kwambiri ya disinfection ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya 3% ya mkuwa wa sulphate. Kuyala zakuthupi zimangowonongeka mu njirayi ndi zouma.
Mabungwe ogwiritsira ntchito potaziyamu permanganate m'munda ndi m'munda.
Kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera mphesa za mphesa zingathe kukhala ngati zodzaza.
Kutentha kotentha kotentha m'nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, cuttings amasungidwa pamalo ozizira komanso ozizira. Chipinda chapansi, chipinda chapansi, furiji, ngalande kapena prikop ndizofunikira kwambiri izi. Pachifukwa ichi, ulamuliro wa kutentha uyenera kukhala wa 0 ° C mpaka 4 ° C.
Pamene kutentha kukukwera pamwamba pa 6-7 ° C, kutupa kwa impso kungayambe, komwe kuli kosafunika kwambiri.
Zimakhulupirira kuti kuyerekezera kwa kutentha kwa zero kumachepetsanso ntchito yofunikira ya mphukira, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri mutabzala zipatso kuti ziwonjezeke.
Ndikofunikira! Zimayesedwa bwino ngati palibe madontho otentha omwe amapezeka panthawi yosungiramo chubukas, ndipo ndi ofanana ndi 0 ° C pa nthawi yonseyi.Chinyezi pamalo osungirako chiyenera kukhala 60-90%.
Kusungirako m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba
Pofuna kuteteza mpesa m'nyengo yozizira kuti imere kumera, sikokwanira kungoyika chubuki m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Pali njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri zosungira chubukov: mu thumba la pulasitiki, komanso mchenga kapena coniferous utuchi.
Mu matumba apulasitiki
Ndi njira iyi, simungagwiritse ntchito mapepala apulasitiki okha, komanso filimu ya chakudya.
Musanagulire mphukira mu polyethylene, ayenera kukhala mopepuka ndi madzi. Pambuyo pake mtolowo umakulungidwa mufilimu kapena phukusi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'pofunika kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono mu polyethylene - adzaonetsetsa mpweya wabwino.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chitoliro sichimauma, osasunthira ndipo musapitirire. Nthaŵi zambiri amafunika kutenthetsa mpweya ndi kuwaza madzi ngati kuli koyenera, ngati mpesa uli wochuluka.
VIDEO: STORAGE YA GRAPES
Mchenga ndi coniferous utuchi
Pa nthawi yomweyo mchenga wouma kapena coniferous utuchi umawonjezeredwa phukusi ndi gulu la mipesa. Kotero mukhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri zakudya zamagetsi ndi zomera ndikupereka mphukira ndi nthawi zonse.
Kuwonjezera pa kusungirako mu polyethylene, cuttings ikhoza kuikidwa mu mabokosi amtengo wodzazidwa ndi mchenga kapena coniferous utuchi. Pachifukwa ichi, mndandanda wa zinthuzi waikidwa pansi, osachepera 10 masentimita wandiweyani, magulu a mpesa aikidwa pamwamba, ndiye amadzazidwa ndi wosanjikiza.
Ndikofunika kukonza kukwera ndege. Kuwonjezera apo, kamodzi pa mwezi, muyenera kumasula mchenga kapena utuchi ndi kuyang'ana chubuki kwa nkhungu kapena parasitic kuwonongeka.
Mukudziwa? Chigawo chonse cha minda ya mpesa pa dziko lathu lapansi ndi pafupifupi 80,000 mita mamita. makilomita Zikuwoneka ngati zambiri. Komabe, pafupipafupi, munthu wokhala ndi makilogalamu okwana 1 makilogalamu pachaka, pamene thupi likufunikira chaka chilichonse - pafupifupi 10 kg
Kodi mungapezeko mitengo yambiri yozizira m'nyengo yozizira ngati mulibe cellar
Popeza sikuti aliyense ali ndi chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, tidzakambirana njira zinanso zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zidole zanu m'nyengo yozizira - mwachitsanzo, mu dziwe kapena furiji.
Mu prikop
Iyi ndiyo njira yosavuta yosunga chubukov. Zimaphatikizapo kuti mitengo yaing'ono imakumba pansi pomwe mphukira imayikidwa, kenako imathiridwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi.
Madzi akuya ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 25 mpaka 50 cm. Koma kutalika ndi m'lifupi amasankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa, malingana ndi chiwerengero cha cuttings ndi kutalika kwake.
Nkofunika kuti ngalande yofukula ili pamtunda; ikhoza kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba iliyonse. Kukonzekera koteroko kudzakupatsani mpweya wokwanira wabwino komanso kupewa kutaya kusungunula ndi madzi amvula. 
Musanayambe kuika tiziromboti, ndibwino kuti mudzaze pansi pa ngalande ndi mchenga (pafupifupi masentimita 5), kenaka musamalire mchenga ndi mpesa, ndipo muthetseni mchenga wambiri (7-8 cm) pamwamba. Kuchokera pamwamba, dziko lonse lapansi, limene lakhala likugwedezeka mu ngalande, limatsanuliridwa.
Malangizo othandiza pa kuika mphesa mu kugwa.
Ndi njira yosungirako, sikoyenera kutulutsa, kusintha ndi kuyang'ana magulu ndi mphesa za mphesa.
M'friji
Imeneyi ndi njira yosavuta, yomwe ndi yosavuta yosunga chiwerengero chachikulu cha chubukov.
Mitolo ndi zikhomo ziyenera kuzungulidwa mu matumba apulasitiki. Ayenera kukhala wodzazidwa kapena mchenga, kapena utuchi. Mungathe kukulunga nthambizo ndi nsalu yofiira komanso yofiira ya thonje. Kenaka zonsezi zimanyamulidwa mosamala mu polyethylene. Phokoso laling'ono limapangidwa mu filimuyi. Chikwamacho chimaikidwa pamalo osungira ozizira. 
Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kutenga cuttings ndi kuwomba iwo, kuchepetsa zouma, kuchotsa zowonongeka.
Kuchotsa ndi kuyang'anira cuttings masika
Chotsani mphesa za mphesa ku malo osungirako kumayambiriro kwa masika, pafupi ndi m'ma March.
Mphukira iliyonse iyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala ndikuyang'ana ngati ikutheka. Kuti muchite izi, konzani. Ngati mpesa uli bwino, ndiye kuti mtundu womwewo umakhala wobiriwira.
Muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zosayenera:
- mdima;
- chofewa kwambiri;
- chomasuka kwambiri;
- kusintha mtundu;
- ndi makungwa akugwa.
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudzala mphesa m'dera lawo, ndibwino kudziwa za machiritso a mphesa, mbewu ndi masamba.Kupulumutsidwa chubuki kwenikweni kudula kuchokera mbali ziwiri - pamwamba ndi pansi, pamene muyenera kusiya osachepera awiri masamba. Gawo la pansi limapangidwa mwamsanga potsatira impso, koma chapamwamba ndi chapamwamba kwambiri kuposa impso, pafupifupi masentimita 2. Kuti musasokoneze, mbali yomwe ili pansiyi, ndi pamene chapamwamba, chapansi chimachitika pang'onopang'ono.
Pambuyo pa zidutswa za cuttings zimachotsedwa, kuyesedwa ndikupeza bwino zoyenera kubzala, mungayambe njira yokonzekera kuti imere.
Kawirikawiri, kusunga mphesa ya chubuk m'nyengo yozizira si vuto lalikulu. Chinthu chachikulu? kotero kuti cuttings adadulidwa pa nthawi ndi kusungidwa pamalo ozizira ndi am'mapiri ndi khola labwino la kutentha. Pansi pazikhalidwezi, mu kasupe mungathe kuchotsa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, prikopa kapena firiji wolemera kubzala zakuthupi.
Ndemanga
