Spirea ndi shrub yokongoletsera yosatha kuchokera kubanja la Pinki. Ndizofala kwambiri m'nkhalango komanso m'malo otsetsereka a kutentha, komanso m'malo otsetsereka a Alps, Himalayas komanso pafupi ndi Mexico. Zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mapaki ndi minda. Nthambi zawo zophukika, zophukira nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, zimakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, ngati thovu kapena kapu ya chipale chofewa. Nthawi zina spirea amatchedwa meadowsweet, koma izi ndi zolakwika. Meadowsweet ndi chomera cham'mera, pomwe spirea ndi shrub wokhala ndi mphukira zamitengo.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Spirea ndi chomera chobiriwira chotalika 0,15-2,5 m.Chimalimbikitsidwa ndi chiphuphu chachikulu kwambiri. Mphukira zimakula molunjika, zimafalikira pansi kapena kukwera. Popita nthawi, ngakhale nthambi zowongoka zimapinda pansi pa kulemera kwawo. Mtundu wa nthambi ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira zakuda. Makungwa amatuluka ndi mbale zazitali.
Timapepala totsatila totsatira mulibe stipule ndipo timasiyana mu mawonekedwe apansi-apansi ndi mawonekedwe osiyana opatsirana a mitsempha yapakati komanso yotsatira. M'mbali mwa masamba serrate kapena okhazikika. Colouring imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana. Zomera zina zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira nyengo yonse, pomwe masamba a ena amasintha kangapo kuchokera pabiri kukhala wachikasu, zobiriwira kapena lalanje.
Duwa lofooka loyamba limayamba ndi chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo wa spirea. Chapakatikati kwamasika kapena kale chilimwe, maambulera ambiri kapena masamba ochita kuphuka amatuluka m'mizere ya masamba. Pafupifupi china chilichonse, ma corollas ang'onoang'ono ndi 6mm mamilimita ali ndi mawonekedwe. Maluwa okhala ndi miyala isanu yozungulira yozungulira komanso yoyambira yotalika (mpaka 60 masamu ndi pafupi ndi thumba losunga mazira 5) amatha kujambulidwa yoyera kapena yapinki.
Pambuyo kupukutira, njere zofiirira lanceolate lathyathyathya zimakhalira timapepala tambiri tambiri. Kutalika kwawo ndi 1.5-2 mm okha. Zipatso zakupsya zimaswera zokha pa seams pazokha.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya spirea
Mpaka pano, asayansi atulukira mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya spirea.
Spiraea oak-leaved. Chitsamba chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chokhala ndi nthambi zosakhwima chimakula 1.5-2 m kutalika. Imakutidwa ndi masamba a ovoid kapena oval. Pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa pepalalo, muli zotchinga ziwiri. Kutalika kwake ndi 35-45 mm. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira bwino, ndipo mbali yakumaso ndi imvi. Maluwa amachitika m'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, pamene ma corymbose inflorescence ambiri oyera amatulutsa maluwa.
Spirea waku Japan. Zomera masentimita 120-200 masentimita zimakhala ndi nthambi zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi gawo lozungulira. Amamera masamba osavuta a 25-75 mm kutalika. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, zikopa zikuluzikulu za maluwa oyera okhala ndi maluwa oyera otentha, zimatha masiku 45. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Atsikana Aang'ono - amatumphukira mpaka 60cm kutalika ndi 120 cm mulifupi ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira mu June-Julayi atakutidwa ndi maluwa ofiira;
- Mwana Wamkazi Wagolide - chitsamba cha pafupifupi 1 mita chimakula masamba achikasu;
- Goldflame - nthawi ya masika, masamba achikasu a malalanje amatulutsa maluwa mpaka masentimita 80, omwe amasintha chikasu pachilimwe kenako nkukhala wobiriwira pang'ono, maluwawo amakhala ofiira;
- Shirobana - chitsamba chophukira mpaka 60-80 cm chokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a Julayi-Ogasiti, maluwa ndi maluwa oyera kapena apinki;
- Crispa - chitsamba chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi korona wowoneka wowala wokutidwa ndi maambulera ang'onoang'ono a pinki;
- Anthony Vaterrer - chitsamba chochepa kwambiri chomwe chili ndi korona wowoneka bwino ndi masamba ofiira amiyala mu June-September limamasuwa mu maluwa akuluakulu (mpaka 15 cm) maluwa a carmine;
- Macrophyll - chitsamba chachikulu (1.5 m) chofalikira chomwe chimakutidwa ndi masamba otupa ovoid (wobiriwira wobiriwira nthawi yotentha komanso lalanje yophukira) 15 cm;
- Kapeti Wamatsenga - korona wandiweyani mpaka 0.5 m wamtali ndi 80 cm mulitali amasungunula masamba okongola amitundu, mkuwa ndi lalanje;
- Mwachangu - chitsamba 120cm kutalika ndi lonse yokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi maluwa apinki;
- Kuwala kwamoto ndi chitsamba chofunda chomwe chili ndi masamba ofiira ofiira ndi maluwa ofiira apinki.
Spirea kumasula. Chomera chachitali komanso chopindika chakuda chimakonda dothi lonyowa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi masentimita 150-200. Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi masamba apansi ndi lanceolate okhala ndi maziko. Mphukira za pinki zowala zimapangika ndi nkhawa zazitali 12 cm. Amawonekera pakati pa chilimwe.
Spirea ndi imvi. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 180 wakula nthambi zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira otuwa. Kumbuyo masamba ndi imvi. Mtengowu umaphukira kwambiri ndi ma corymbose oyera inflorescence, omwe amapezeka kale m'ma Meyi. Mitundu ya Grafshame imasiyana ndi mitundu yayikulu ndi nthambi zofiirira komanso maluwa ambiri oyera oyera. Chomera chabwino cha uchi.
Spirea wangutta. Tchire lalikulu, lomwe limamera nthawi yomweyo limatalika mpaka mamita 2. Nthambi zake zolimba zimakhala zokutidwa ndi ma loboti osalala okhala ndi masamba. Pamaso pake pali masamba obiriwira. Mbali yakutsogolo ndi imvi. Pofika nthawi yophukira, masamba amasanduka ofiira kapena malalanje. Ma inflorescence oyera a chipale chofewa amawonekera mu nthambi yonse kuyambira m'ma Juni.
Nippon Spiraea. Tchire lokwaluka lomwe limakhala ndi nthambi zopingasa limakula kutalika ndi mamita 2. Zomera zazitali masentimita 5 zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo zimakhalabe ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira mpaka tsamba limagwa. Mu June, maluwa obiriwira achikasu amatulutsa maluwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipale chofewa ndi chitsamba chofalikira pang'onopang'ono chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima wobiriwira ndi masamba oyera ambiri kumapeto kwa chaka chatha.
Spirea mkangano. Chitsamba choyambirira chamaluwa cha 1.5-2 mita chokhala ndi nthambi zamiyala chimapanga chosangalatsa chokongola. Maluwa oyera ngati chipale, ngati thonje, amasangalala masamba obiriwira.
Spirea bumalda. Chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba ocheperako (50-80 cm), korona wowonda amakhala ndi mphukira wowongoka wokutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Mukugwa, masamba obiriwira owala amakhala achikaso chofiirira komanso chofiirira. Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi maambulera akuluakulu amaluwa amdima wapinki.
Spirea Douglas. Mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira osachedwa kupindika okhala ndi korona wa 1.5 mita kutalika. Masamba ozungulira kapena a lanceolate amasala masentimita 10.Maluwa a pinki amdima amapanga mabulashi ataliitali a piramidi. Amaphukira mu Julayi-Seputembara.
Spirea chikwangwani. Chitsamba mpaka 2 m kutalika chimakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu ndipo mu Julayi chimafalikira motalika (mpaka 20 cm), mabulashi opapatiza a maluwa owala a pinki.
Birch tsamba spirea. Thungwa lowonda lalitali mpaka 70 cm limamera masamba obiriwira ochepa omwe amasintha chikasu pofika nthawi yophukira. Mu June-Ogasiti, maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa ang'onoang'ono hemispherical inflorescence.
Njira zolerera
Spirea ikhoza kufaliridwa ndi mbewu kapena mwakukula. Mitundu ya haibridi ndi mitundu yokongoletsera, kufalitsa mbewu sikuyenera. Chapakatikati, konzekerani mabokosi osakanizika ndi malo okhala ndi masamba. Mbewu zimayikidwa moyenerera pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi peat wosanjikiza 1 cm. Mfuti zimawonekera pakatha milungu 1-1.5. Poyambirira, amathandizidwa ndi maziko a msingi wa potaziyamu kapena potaziyamu. Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, mbande zomwe zimakula amazidulira ndikuziika pansipo pabedi lamaphunziro. Amayikidwa mumtundu kapena mthunzi. Zomera zochuluka madzi ndi mulch nthaka.
Njira yodalirika yolerera ndikugawa mizu. Chapakatikati, masamba asanawoneke, mphukira yam'munsi imapinda pansi ndikukhazikika, ndikuwaza pansi. Pamwamba chimamangidwa kuchithandizo. M'chilimwe, osati tchire lokha madzi, komanso masanjidwe. Zidzatenga mizu mchaka chino, koma kulekanitsa ndikusinthana zakonzedwa kumapeto kwamasika. Kuti zikule bwino, maluwa amachotsedwa mchaka choyamba.
M'nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe, zodula zotalika masentimita 10 zimadulidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zocheperako komanso zobiriwira. Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, 50-70% yazodulidwa imakhala ndi mizu yathunthu. Tikuchera poyera malo akutsirizika.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Kwa spirea, malo otseguka, dzuwa kapena osachedwa pang'ono amasankhidwa. Mwapang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa mitundu kudzakhala kocheperako. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira ndikulowetsedwa, ndi chinyezi chochepa. Dothi lamasamba kapena lamasamba, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, peat ndi mchenga, amawonjezedwa m'nthaka yosauka. Kwa mitundu yosakanizidwa, laimu samaloledwa m'nthaka.
Kukumba maenje kukuya kwakuya masentimita 50. Zida zakuumbirazo ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi. Khosi la mizu limasiyidwa pamlingo womwewo. Nyengo yamvula kapena yamvumbi ndizabwino kwambiri kuti zitheke. Ndondomeko imachitikanso mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Kubzala masika ndi koyenera kwa mbewu kutulutsa chilimwe. Imachitika masamba asanatseguke. Mizu yolumikizidwa kwambiri imalowetsedwa m'madzi. Mukatha ntchito, ndowa za madzi 1-2 zimatsanuliridwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse ndipo pamwamba pake mumadzaza ndi peat. Komanso, mitundu yonse ya mitengo itha kubzalidwe mu nthawi ya kugwa, masamba asanagwe.
Kusamalira spirea tsiku ndi tsiku ndikosavuta. Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, koma madzi osunthika pamizu saloledwa. Anthu akuluakulu a spirea amalola kuvomereza chilala, pokhapokha pakalibe mvula amamwetsa madzi kawiri pamwezi. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, ndowa zamadzi 1.5-2 zimathiridwa.
Kupalira ndi kumasula kumachitika kawirikawiri. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mizu ya mbewuyi ndi yopanda malire, choncho samalani mukamagwira ntchito.
Kawiri pa nyengo (masika ndi chilimwe) mbewu zimadyetsedwa. Choyamba, mchere wadziko lonse umayambitsidwa, kenako mullein ndi superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndi zaka, spirea imakula kwambiri ndipo imatha kutaya mawonekedwe. Iyenera kupetedwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa majeremusi nthawi zambiri amavulala mu korona wowonda ndipo fungus ikukula. Kwa maluwa oyambirira maluwa, kudulira kumachitika m'chilimwe, kumapeto kwa maluwa. Mitundu yamaluwa yoyandikira imadulidwa koyambirira kwamasika. Tsitsi limachitika chaka chilichonse, nsonga za mphukira zimadulidwa ndipo nthambi zosweka, zowuma komanso zachisanu zimachotsedwa. Patatha zaka 3-4 mutabzala, nthambi zakale ziwiri pachaka zizichotsedwa mpaka kutalika masentimita 25. Izi zimalola kukonzanso kwa nthawi yake kwa mbewu ndikusintha kukongoletsa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudulira nsonga za nthambi zozimiririka, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mphukira zamtundu wotsatira, ndipo maluwa samawonekera pa iwo ndi ochepa.
Spirea nthawi zambiri imalekerera nyengo yachisanu popanda pogona. Ngati nyengo yayikulu kwambiri, yopanda chipale chofewa ikuyembekezeka, ndiye kuti mizu ya mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi masamba wosalala ndi masamba oterera.
Zomera zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndiye kuti sizimadwala. Nthawi yomweyo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude zimakhazikika patchire. Amagwira makamaka kuwukira mphukira zazing'ono, zachifundo. Monga njira yothanirana, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mankhwala tchire kapena kuthira mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pulogalamu yoyang'anira mapangidwe
Chomera chokongoletsera komanso chosafunikira chotere chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mundamo. Mitundu yazovunda imakongoletsa miyala yamiyala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mitengo yowuma ndi ma conifers. Spirea ndi yoyenera kupanga mipanda, chosakanikirana ndi maziko a dimba la maluwa. Kampaniyo imatha kupanga scumpia, weigels, action, junipers ndi spruce.
